Marine pipelines for the transportation of oil and gas have become a safe and reliable part of the expanding infrastructure put in place for the development of the valuable resources below the worlds ...seas and oceans. The design of these pipelines is a relatively new technology and continues to evolve as the design of more cost effective pipelines becomes a priority and applications move into deeper waters and more hostile environments. This updated edition of a best selling title provides the reader with a scope and depth of detail related to the design of offshore pipelines and risers not seen before in a textbook format.
Material politics Barry, Andrew; Barry, Andrew
2013., 2013, 2013-09-23
eBook
In Material Politics, author Andrew Barry reveals that as we are beginning to attend to the importance of materials in political life, materials has become increasingly bound up with the production ...of information about their performance, origins, and impact. * Presents an original theoretical approach to political geography by revealing the paradoxical relationship between materials and politics * Explores how political disputes have come to revolve not around objects in isolation, but objects that are entangled in ever growing quantities of information about their performance, origins, and impact * Studies the example of the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan oil pipeline – a fascinating experiment in transparency and corporate social responsibility – and its wide-spread negative political impact * Capitalizes on the growing interdisciplinary interest, especially within geography and social theory, about the critical role of material artefacts in political life
This book is based on the authors' 30 years of experience in offshore. The authors provide rigorous coverage of the entire spectrum of subjects in the discipline, from pipe installation and routing ...selection and planning to design, construction, and installation of pipelines in some of the harshest underwater environments around the world. All-inclusive, this must-have handbook covers the latest breakthroughs in subjects such as corrosion prevention, pipeline inspection, and welding, while offering an easy-to-understand guide to new design codes currently followed in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, and other countries.
In dynamic complex environments, the degradation of structure systems is generally caused not by a single factor but by multiple ones, and the process is subject to a high level of uncertainty. This ...article contributes a hybrid physics-model-based and data-driven remaining useful life (RUL) estimation methodology of structure systems considering the influence of multiple causes by using dynamic Bayesian networks (DBNs). The structure model and parameter model of DBNs for the degradation process caused by a single factor are established on the basis of theoretical or empirical physical models, thereby solving the problem of insufficient data. An RUL estimation model is subsequently established by integrating these degradation process models. The RUL value is obtained from the time difference between the detection point and predicted failure point, which is determined using the failure threshold of performance. The sensor data and expert knowledge can be input into the estimation model to update the RUL value whenever necessary. The subsea pipelines in offshore oil and gas subsea production systems are adopted to demonstrate the proposed methodology. The degradation processes with fatigue, corrosion, sand erosion, and internal waves are modeled using DBNs, and the RUL is estimated using a DBN-based RUL methodology.
This book describes the scientific, technical and practical aspects of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) occurring on pipelines. It summarizes the phenomena, mechanisms and management of pipeline SCC ...from in-service experiences and laboratory experiments to the range of modeling prediction for SCC initiation and propagation, and the remaining uncertainties that affect the understanding of pipeline SCC. For completeness, the book also includes fundamentals of SCC as well as the author's recent research results on pipeline SCC of high-strength pipeline steel.
Offshore oil and gas production was conducted throughout the entire 20th century, but the industry's modern importance and vibrancy did not start until the early 1970s, when the North Sea became a ...major producer. Since then, the expansion of the offshore oil industry has been continuous and rapid. Pipelines, and more generally long tubular structures, are major oil and gas industry tools used in exploration, drilling, production, and transmission. Installing and operating tubular structures in deep waters places unique demands on them. Technical challenges within the field have spawned significant research and development efforts in a broad range of areas.Volume I addresses problems of buckling and collapse of long inelastic cylinders under various loads encountered in the offshore arena. Several of the solutions are also directly applicable to land pipelines. The approach of Mechanics of Offshore Pipelines is problem oriented. The background of each problem and scenario are first outlined and each discussion finishes with design recommendations.
* New and classical problems addressed - investigated through a combination of experiments and analysis* Each chapter deals with a specific mechanical problem that is analyzed independently* The fundamental nature of the problems makes them also applicable to other fields, including tubular components in nuclear reactors and power plants, aerospace structures, automotive and civil engineering structures, naval vehicles and structures
•A third party damage model for pipeline risk assessment has been developed.•A Bayesian network has been used to model unintentional third-party damage.•A game-theoretic approach has been used to ...model malicious intrusion.•Pipeline infrastructure, gaming strategies and philosophy are considered.
Tremendous amounts of oil and gas products are transported in pipelines worldwide resulting in increasing interest to identify the hazards and evaluate the associated risks associated with this critical infrastructure. Third-party intrusion is one of the least quantifiable factors being considered during the pipeline hazard assessment stage despite the substantial contributing to the total number of oil and gas pipeline incidents. This is because a probabilistic risk assessment cannot reliably model human actions and be applied to intentional acts. Due to the distinctive motivations of third-party damage, an unintentional third-party damage Bayesian Network model and a game-theoretic model on malicious intrusion will therefore be built, to examine the mechanism of pipeline failure caused by this mode. This study is conducted aiming at investigating pipeline risk resulting from third-party damage, and will formulate risk assessment models to identify threats, prioritize risks and determine which integrity plan should apply to different pipeline segments given the condition of third-party interference (both the accidental damage and malicious acts).
Polyethylene (PE) pipes have been widely employed in the construction of medium and low-pressure gas and water pipeline networks. However, the lack of accurate underground pipeline locations and ...detection instruments leads to repeated occurrences of pipeline safety accidents during construction. To address this issue, this article proposes an acoustic method for detecting buried PE pipelines by extracting the delay time of reflected waves. Firstly, the propagation of acoustic waves at the pipe-soil interface is analyzed, followed by the introduction of a method for extracting the delay time of reflected waves to locate buried PE pipelines. Numerical simulations are subsequently presented to examine the influence of the spacing between the P-wave detector and the source on the extraction of delay time and hence the accuracy of the positioning algorithm. Lastly, experiments are carried out at test sites with and without buried pipes at a burial depth of 0.9 m. The test results demonstrate that the proposed pipeline detection method effectively determines the presence of pipelines. The maximum plane positioning error for multiple survey lines is found to be 0.188 m, indicating the superior performance of the proposed method compared to existing acoustic pipeline detection methods. This study confirms the feasibility of the proposed pipeline detection method for buried PE pipelines, potentially contributing to the development of acoustic instruments for locating urban buried non-metallic pipelines.
Submarine pipeline is the major transportation way of subsea oil and gas production. Due to the internal and external factor, the failure probability of submarine pipeline is increasing, which could ...lead to the spill accidents of oil and gas. Efficient risk analysis is vital for preventing and mitigating such potential accident. This paper presents a risk-based accident model to conduct quantitative risk analysis (QRA) for leakage failure of submarine pipeline. Firstly, we employ bow-tie method to model the causal relationship between pipeline leakage and potential accident scenarios. Subsequently, in order to overcome the difficulties of bow-tie in modeling uncertainties and conditional dependency, a Bayesian network model for pipeline leakage is developed through mapping from the former bow-tie. Meanwhile, an object-oriented Bayesian network that has a smaller and more clarified structure is also constructed by modularizing the primary Bayesian network. Eventually, the probability updating is implemented in risk analysis using Bayesian network when a new evidence or observation occurs, and an experience learning from accident precursor data is also conducted through Bayesian approach. The proposed accident model based on Bayesian network can provide a more case-specific and realistic analysis consequence compared to bow-tie method, since it could consider the common cause failures and conditional dependency in accident evolution process of pipeline leakage.
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