The characteristics of the crosslinking between rice protein (RP) and ferulic acid (FA), gallic acid (GA), or tannin acid (TA) by covalent binding of Laccase and non-covalent binding were evaluated. ...The RP-polyphenol complexes greatly improved the functionality of RP. The covalent effect with higher polyphenol binding equivalence showed higher emulsion activity than the non-covalent effect. The solubility, and antioxidant activity of covalent binding were higher than that of non-covalent binding in the RP-FA group, but there was a contrasting behavior in the RP-GA group. The RP-FA was most soluble in conjugates, while the RP-GA had the highest solubility in mixtures. It was found that the covalent complexes were more stable in the intestinal tract. The content of polyphenols in the RP-TA group was rapidly increased at the later intestinal digestion, which indicated the high polyphenol-protective effect in this group. Meanwhile, the RP-TA group showed high reducing power but low digestibility.
Display omitted
•Polyphenols greatly improve the functionality of the protein.•The RP-FA was most soluble in conjugates, while RP-GA had the highest solubility in mixtures.•The RP-TA complexes showed higher reducing power but lower digestibility.•The TA group has a high polyphenol-protective effect in vitro digestion.
•Bound polyphenols (CDF-PP) were prepared from carrot dietary fiber.•Forty-two bound polyphenols compounds were identified in CDF-PP.•DPPH, ORAC and PSC assays showed that CDF-PP could scavenge ...radicals in vitro.•CDF-PP exhibited significantly ROS scavenge activity in living C. elegans.•Our results implied that the CDF-PP could be a promising source of antioxidant.
Qualitative analysis of bound polyphenols from carrot dietary fiber (CDF-PP) was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with an electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). Eleven organic acids, nine hydroxybenzoic acids and derivatives, six hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives, four phenolic alcohols and derivatives, three flavonoids and derivatives, seven esters and derivatives, two other compounds, were detected by matching their retention times, secondary mass spectrometry fragment information with authentic standards or literature data. Furthermore, in vitro antioxidant activity was determined by different kinds of assays, including DPPH, ORAC, PSC, demonstrated that CDF-PP could scavenge radicals in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, CDF-PP exhibited significantly reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity in living Caenorhabditis elegans. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive research to investigate composition and in vitro/in vivo antioxidant activity of bound polyphenols in CDF, which implied that CDF-PP could be a promising source of antioxidants.
Curcumin, a lipophilic polyphenol contained in the rhizome of
(turmeric), has been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine, and nowadays it is widely used in food as dietary spice worldwide. ...It has received considerable attention for its pharmacological activities, which appear to act primarily through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. For this reason, it has been proposed as a tool for the management of many diseases, among which are gastrointestinal and neurological diseases, diabetes, and several types of cancer. However, the pharmacology of curcumin remains to be elucidated; indeed, a discrepancy exists between the well-documented in vitro and in vivo activities of curcumin and its poor bioavailability and chemical instability that should limit any therapeutic effect. Recently, it has been hypothesized that curcumin could exert direct regulative effects primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, where high concentrations of this polyphenol have been detected after oral administration. Consequently, it might be hypothesized that curcumin directly exerts its regulatory effects on the gut microbiota, thus explaining the paradox between its low systemic bioavailability and its wide pharmacological activities. It is well known that the microbiota has several important roles in human physiology, and its composition can be influenced by a multitude of environmental and lifestyle factors. Accordingly, any perturbations in gut microbiome profile or dysbiosis can have a key role in human disease progression. Interestingly, curcumin and its metabolites have been shown to influence the microbiota. It is worth noting that from the interaction between curcumin and microbiota two different phenomena arise: the regulation of intestinal microflora by curcumin and the biotransformation of curcumin by gut microbiota, both of them potentially crucial for curcumin activity. This review summarizes the most recent studies on this topic, highlighting the strong connection between curcumin and gut microbiota, with the final aim of adding new insight into the potential mechanisms by which curcumin exerts its effects.
Abstract Background and aim Hypertension is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. The aims of this work were to evaluate if a one-year intervention with two Mediterranean diets ...(Med-diet) could decrease blood pressure (BP) due to a high polyphenol consumption, and if the decrease in BP was mediated by plasma nitric oxide (NO) production. Methods and results An intervention substudy of 200 participants at high cardiovascular risk was carried out within the PREDIMED trial. They were randomly assigned to a low-fat control diet or to two Med-diets, one supplemented with extra virgin olive oil (Med-EVOO) and the other with nuts (Med-nuts). Anthropometrics and clinical parameters were measured at baseline and after one year of intervention, as well as BP, plasma NO and total polyphenol excretion (TPE) in urine samples. Systolic and diastolic BP decreased significantly after a one-year dietary intervention with Med-EVOO and Med-nuts. These changes were associated with a significant increase in TPE and plasma NO. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between changes in urinary TPE, a biomarker of TP intake, and in plasma NO (Beta = 4.84; 95% CI: 0.57–9.10). Conclusions TPE in spot urine sample was positively correlated with plasma NO in Med-diets supplemented with either EVOO or nuts. The statistically significant increases in plasma NO were associated with a reduction in systolic and diastolic BP levels, adding to the growing evidence that polyphenols might protect the cardiovascular system by improving the endothelial function and enhancing endothelial synthesis of NO.
This work aimed at investigating the chemical composition, antibacterial properties, and effect mechanism of
Smilax china
L. polyphenols (SCLP). SCLP was extracted and purified, and then, its ...eighteen polyphenolic compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. SCLP exhibited antibacterial activity against five bacteria (
Salmonella typhimurium
,
Listeria monocytogenes
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Bacillus subtilis
, and
Escherichia coli
) with minimum inhibitory concentration in a range of 195.31 to 781.25 μg/mL.
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
showed a higher sensitivity to SCLP. Notably, when combined with antibiotics, the SCLP–thiamphenicol and SCLP–gatifloxacin combinations showed additional properties against
Escherichia coli
and
Staphylococcus aureus
, while SCLP–streptomycin and SCLP–penicillin combinations exhibited dramatically synergistic effects. In addition, the changes in permeability and integrity of the cell membrane and cell wall were observed by measuring UV absorption, extracellular AKP concentration, FTIR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It is speculated that the mechanism of action of SCLP on bacteria may be described as destruction of bacterial cell wall and cell membrane. In conclusion, SCLP was a potential natural antimicrobial substance with strong antimicrobial activity, which may reduce the use of antibiotics or combat drug-resistant bacteria through synergistic combination with antibiotics.
Background: Epidemiology associates whole-grain (WG) consumption with several health benefits. Mounting evidence suggests that WG wheat polyphenols play a role in mechanisms underlying health ...benefits. Objective: The objective was to assess circulating concentration, excretion, and the physiologic role of WG wheat polyphenols in subjects with suboptimal dietary and lifestyle behaviors. Design: A placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized trial with 80 healthy overweight/obese subjects with low intake of fruit and vegetables and sedentary lifestyle was performed. Participants replaced precise portions of refined wheat (RW) with a fixed amount of selected WG wheat or RW products for 8 wk. At baseline and every 4 wk, blood, urine, feces, and anthropometric and body composition measures were collected. Profiles of phenolic acids in biological samples, plasma markers of metabolic disease and inflammation, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed. Results: WG consumption for 4–8 wk determined a 4-fold increase in serum dihydroferulic acid (DHFA) and a 2-fold increase in fecal ferulic acid (FA) compared with RW consumption (no changes). Similarly, urinary FA at 8 wk doubled the baseline concentration only in WG subjects. Concomitant reduction in plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) after 8 wk and increased interleukin (IL)-10 only after 4 wk with WG compared with RW (P = 0.04) were observed. No significant change in plasma metabolic disease markers over the study period was observed, but a trend toward lower plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 with higher excretion of FA and DHFA in the WG group was found. Fecal FA was associated with baseline low Bifidobacteriales and Bacteroidetes abundances, whereas after WG consumption, it correlated with increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes but reduced Clostridium . TNF-α reduction correlated with increased Bacteroides and Lactobacillus . No effect of dietary interventions on anthropometric measurements and body composition was found. Conclusions: WG wheat consumption significantly increased excreted FA and circulating DHFA. Bacterial communities influenced fecal FA and were modified by WG wheat consumption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01293175.
The beneficial effects of various polyphenols with plant origins on different cardiovascular-associated disorders, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus type 2 and metabolic syndrome are well ...known. Recently, marine crude-drugs are emerging as potential treatments in many noncommunicable conditions, including those involving the cardiovascular system. Among the active compounds responsible for these activities, seaweed polyphenols seem to play a key role. The aim of the present review is to summarise the current knowledge about the beneficial effects reported for edible seaweed polyphenols in the amelioration of these prevalent conditions, focusing on both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will help to establish the basis for future studies in this promising field.
The increasing extension in life expectancy of human beings in developed countries is accompanied by a progressively greater rate of degenerative diseases associated with lifestyle and aging, most of ...which are still waiting for effective, not merely symptomatic, therapies. Accordingly, at present, the recommendations aimed at reducing the prevalence of these conditions in the population are limited to a safer lifestyle including physical/mental exercise, a reduced caloric intake, and a proper diet in a convivial environment. The claimed health benefits of the Mediterranean and Asian diets have been confirmed in many clinical trials and epidemiological surveys. These diets are characterized by several features, including low meat consumption, the intake of oils instead of fats as lipid sources, moderate amounts of red wine, and significant amounts of fresh fruit and vegetables. In particular, the latter have attracted popular and scientific attention for their content, though in reduced amounts, of a number of molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties. Among the latter, plant polyphenols have raised remarkable interest in the scientific community; in fact, several clinical trials have confirmed that many health benefits of the Mediterranean/Asian diets can be traced back to the presence of significant amounts of these molecules, even though, in some cases, contradictory results have been reported, which highlights the need for further investigation. In light of the results of these trials, recent research has sought to provide information on the biochemical, molecular, epigenetic, and cell biology modifications by plant polyphenols in cell, organismal, animal, and human models of cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative pathologies, notably Alzheimer's and Parkinson disease. The findings reported in the last decade are starting to help to decipher the complex relations between plant polyphenols and cell homeostatic systems including metabolic and redox equilibrium, proteostasis, and the inflammatory response, establishing an increasingly solid molecular basis for the healthy effects of these molecules. Taken together, the data currently available, though still incomplete, are providing a rationale for the possible use of natural polyphenols, or their molecular scaffolds, as nutraceuticals to contrast aging and to combat many associated pathologies.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several epidemiological studies have observed a ...negative association between polyphenol intake and MetS rates. Nevertheless, there are relatively small numbers of interventional studies evidencing this association. This review is focused on human interventional trials with polyphenols as polyphenol-rich foods and dietary patterns rich in polyphenols in patients with MetS. Current evidence suggests that polyphenol intake has the potential to alleviate MetS components by decreasing body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose and by improving lipid metabolism. Therefore, high intake of polyphenol-rich foods such as nuts, fruits, vegetables, seasoning with aromatic plants, spices, and virgin olive oil may be the cornerstone of a healthy diet preventing the development and progression of MetS, although there is no polyphenol or polyphenol-rich food able to influence all MetS features. However, inconsistent results have been found in different trials, and more long-term randomized trials are warranted to develop public health strategies to decrease MetS rates.
Natural polyphenols are organic chemicals which contain phenol units in their structures. They show antitumor properties. However, a key problem is their short half-life and low bioavailability under ...in vivo conditions. Still, definitively demonstrating the human benefits of isolated polyphenolic compounds (alone or in combination) using modern scientific methodology has proved challenging. The most common discrepancy between experimental and clinical observations is the use of nonphysiologically relevant concentrations of polyphenols in mechanistic studies. Thus, it remains highly controversial how applicable underlying mechanisms are with bioavailable concentrations and biological half-life. The present Perspective analyses proposed antitumor mechanisms, in vivo reported antitumor effects, and possible mechanisms that may explain discrepancies between bioavailability and bioefficacy. Polyphenol metabolism and possible toxic side effects are also considered. Our main conclusion emphasizes that these natural molecules (and their chemical derivatives) indeed can be very useful, not only as cancer chemopreventive agents but also in oncotherapy.
PDF
