A wide variety of the roots and tubers plays a major role in human diet, animal feed, and industrial raw materials. Sweet potatoes (SPs) play an immense role in human diet and considered as second ...staple food in developed and underdeveloped countries. Moreover, SP production and management need low inputs compared to the other staple crops. The color of SP flesh varied from white, yellow, purple, and orange. Scientific studies reported the diversity in SP flesh color and connection with nutritional and sensory acceptability. Among all, orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has been attracting food technologists and nutritionists due to its high content of carotenoids and pleasant sensory characteristics with color. Researchers reported the encouraging health effects of OFSP intervention into the staple food currently practicing in countries such as Uganda, Mozambique, Kenya, and Nigeria. Scientific reviews on the OFSP nutritional composition and role in vitamin A management (VAM) are hardly available in the published literature. So, this review is conducted to address the detailed nutritional composition (proximate, mineral, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolic acids, and antioxidant properties), role in vitamin A deficiency (VAD) management, and different food products that can be made from OFSP.
Orange sweet potato is one of the β‐carotene‐rich food crops and can provide recommended daily allowance of vitamin A in children by consumption of 125 g. It also contains different bioactive components such as β‐cryptoxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and anthocyanins. This orange‐fleshed sweet potato is providing the high food security among the poor communities due to its easy adoptability and production; finally, researchers proved that it has the capacity to fight against vitamin A deficiency malnutrition.
Global environmental issues shift crop production to the new conditions. This increases all kinds of biotic and abiotic stresses, beside others also plant diseases. Such changes are also in ...Kazakhstan where potato production is dramatically increasing, and crop is growing in regions with continental climate. Problems with potato virus type Y (PVY) need cultivars with better resistance. Introduction of silencing small interfering RNA (siRNA) is new technology.
experiment was done on potato (
L.) local cultivar Izolda. Results show significant effect of siRNA in decreasing mortality and occurrence of PVY symptoms and allow expansion of potato cultivation to continental climate conditions, where are faced with new virus problems.
•A rotor vibration potato-soil separation method is proposed.•A coupling simulation model of rotor vibration potato-soil separation adopted to DEM-MBD is built.•The optimal parameters of the rotor ...vibration potato-soil separation device are determined via simulation experiment.•The model and optimal parameters of rotor vibration potato-soil separation is verified via field experiment.
A rotor vibration potato-soil separation device (RVPSD) is proposed in view of poor potato-soil separation and higher potato damage rate. Separation efficiency between potatoes and soil and the potato damage rate are selected as evaluation indicators, and a coupling simulation model of potato-soil separation based on Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Multibody Dynamics (MBD) is built up according to structure and working principle of the separation device. The optimal combination of working parameters of the RVPSD is obtained via simulation experiment. The results show that the optimal working parameters of vibration point position, conveying speed of potato-soil separation elevating chain, rotor amplitude and rotor vibration frequency are 646.5 mm, 1.08 m/s, 26.7 mm and 5.9 Hz respectively. The field validation experiment is carried out based on the optimal combination parameters. The results show that the potato-soil separation efficiency and potato damage rate of the RVPSD are 97.8 % and 1.16 % respectively, the field experiment results are basically consistent with the simulation results, which proves the correctness of the simulation model. It can provide theoretical reference for rotor vibration potato-soil separation process simulation and device parameter optimization.
This study discusses the environmental life cycle impacts of potato and tomato supply chains in a “cradle-to-grave” perspective. The principal focus is to evaluate the processed products, while fresh ...products are also briefly discussed. Processed products included are potato-chips, frozen fries and dehydrated flakes, and tomato-pasta sauce. The functional unit (FU) is 1 kg product(s), eaten at the consumer stage. Life cycle assessment (LCA) modeling has utilized multiple mechanistic crop models to estimate the crop yields, crop nutrient uptakes and irrigation water requirements. The farming systems represent the primary crop reporting districts where the selected crops are produced on a commercial scale in the United States. The post-harvest system was constructed utilizing the data collected from a processing plant and from other available studies. LCA modeling also constituted handling of co-products (e.g. starch in potatoes) and biowaste. A wide range of environmental impact categories were selected for the evaluation, which showed environmental differences between fresh and processed products. For instance, global warming potential for potato-fresh, chips, fries and dehydrated was 0.97, 0.85, 1.21 and 0.65 kg CO2-eq/FU respectively. For fresh tomato and tomato sauce, it was 0.74 and 1.5 kg CO2-eq/FU respectively. Likewise, fossil resource scarcity for fresh potatoes was higher than chips and dehydrated flakes, but lower than fries. Water consumption was slightly higher in fresh potatoes compared to the processed products. Similar impact patterns were found in fresh and processed tomato products. For most of the impact categories, processing and the agriculture systems were the major contributors. The contribution from the consumer stage varied with the ways the product is prepared, e.g. whether fries are oven heated or deep-fried in oil. Environmental mitigation measures include, the use of drip irrigation (for potatoes), and reducing: food miles, food waste and the use of secondary packaging materials.
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•Crop yields, nutrient uptakes and irrigation water are simulated using numbers of mechanistic crop models.•The selected Crop Reporting Districts are the primary crop producers of the US (>80% of the production).•Consumer stage contributed 12-47% of the total GHG emissions obtained for the fresh and processed categories.•Variations in the consumer’s contribution depended on the food preparation behavior.•Waste contributed significantly (25-57% of the GHG emissions) for the fresh and processed products.
Potato late blight (causal agent
Phytophthora infestans
) is a disease of potatoes with economic importance worldwide. Control is primarily through field monitoring and the application of fungicides. ...Control of late blight with fungicides and host plant resistance is difficult, with documented cases of such control measures failing with the advent of new pathotypes of
P. infestans
. To better understand host plant resistance and to develop more durable late blight resistance, Quantitative Trait Locus/Loci (QTL) analysis was conducted on a tetraploid mapping population derived from late blight-resistant potato cultivar Palisade Russet. Additionally, QTL analyses for other traits such as Verticillium wilt and early blight resistance, vine size and maturity were performed to identify a potential relationship between multiple traits and prepare genetic resources for molecular markers useful in breeding programs. For this, one hundred ninety progenies from intercrossing Palisade Russet with a late blight susceptible breeding clone (ND028673B-2Russ) were assessed. Two parents and progenies were evaluated over a two-year period for response to infection by the US-8 genotype of
P. infestans
in inoculated field screenings in Corvallis, Oregon. In Aberdeen, Idaho, the same mapping population was also evaluated for phenotypic response to early blight and Verticillium wilt, and vine size and maturity in a field over a two-year period. After conducting QTL analyses with those collected phenotype data, it was observed that chromosome 5 has a significant QTL for all five traits. Verticillium wilt and vine maturity QTL were also observed on chromosome 1, and vine size QTL was also found on chromosomes 3 and 10. An early blight QTL was also detected on chromosome 2. The QTL identified in this study have the potential for converting into breeder-friendly molecular markers for marker-assisted selection.
Summary
Soil salinity and drought limit sweet potato yield. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by peroxidases (PRXs) is essential during plant stress responses, but how PRX expression is ...regulated under abiotic stress is not well understood.
Here, we report that the B‐box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX24 activates the expression of the class III peroxidase gene IbPRX17 by binding to its promoter. Overexpression of IbBBX24 and IbPRX17 significantly improved the tolerance of sweet potato to salt and drought stresses, whereas reducing IbBBX24 expression increased their susceptibility. Under abiotic stress, IbBBX24‐ and IbPRX17‐overexpression lines showed higher peroxidase activity and lower H2O2 accumulation compared with the wild‐type. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that IbBBX24 modulates the expression of genes encoding ROS scavenging enzymes, including PRXs.
Moreover, interaction between IbBBX24 and the APETALA2 (AP2) protein IbTOE3 enhances the ability of IbBBX24 to activate IbPRX17 transcription. Overexpression of IbTOE3 improved the tolerance of tobacco plants to salt and drought stresses by scavenging ROS.
Together, our findings elucidate the mechanism underlying the IbBBX24–IbTOE3–IbPRX17 module in response to abiotic stress in sweet potato and identify candidate genes for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance.
•The optimized vegetation indices (Opt-VIs) could resist spectral saturation.•Sensitive wavelengths in response to potato AGB were 734 and 742 nm.•Opt-VIs combined with texture features improved ...potato AGB estimation.
Above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation is critical for monitoring crop growth and assessing yields. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) optical remote sensing technology offers robust support for crop AGB estimation through vegetation indices (VIs). However, under conditions of high nitrogen or high AGB, most VIs lose their response to the presence of a dense plant canopy. To address the inaccuracy of estimating crop multistage AGB based on VIs formed in two bands, a UAV imaging hyperspectral experiment was conducted on potato test plots with different varieties, planting densities, and fertilizer application gradients. The ratio vegetation index (RVI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were initially modified using a lambda-by-lambda optimization algorithm, which yielded the optimized RVI (Opt-RVI) and NDVI (Opt-NDVI). Their performances were compared with published VIs. Then, the corresponding bands from optimized VIs were used to extract textural features and their estimation performances were evaluated. Finally, based on published VIs, Opt-VIs, textures of sensitive bands, and Opt-VIs combined with the textures, the potato multistage AGB was estimated by optimized random forest (RF) regression. The RF estimation model was simplified according to variable importance scores. Results showed the spectral regions sensitive to AGB were mainly located in the red-edge range. The wavelengths of Opt-RVI and Opt-NDVI that exhibited the strongest correlation with AGB were 734 and 742 nm. Except for the normalized red-edge index formed by two red-edge bands, the published VIs (R2 = 0.07–0.28) demonstrated saturation in the context of high AGB. The optimized Opt-RVI and Opt-NDVI suppressed this phenomenon, such that R2 values for both reached 0.44 for estimating AGB. The R2 values of textural features relative to AGB for both bands ranged from 0.06 and 0.31, and CON734, COR734, DIS742, ENT742, SEC742, and COR742 exhibited the strongest correlations with AGB (R2 > 0.2). The performance of estimating potato AGB by a single indicator was sensitive texture features, Opt-VIs and published VIs from high to low and the estimation capacities of these models were limited. The combination of Opt-VIs and textural features of sensitive bands demonstrated the greatest estimation accuracy (R2 = 0.62 and RMSE = 293.08 kg/hm2). Based on variable importance scores, the accuracy of the simplified RF estimation model (four variables: Opt-RVI, CON734, ENT742, COR742) slightly decreased (R2 = 0.59 and RMSE = 301.01 kg/hm2), but model complexity was reduced and computational efficiency was improved. The simplified model accuracy was mainly affected by potato variety, fertilizer gradient, and growth stage, but not by planting density. The results of this study can be used as a reference for potato growth monitoring in the field.
Summary
Drought limits crop development and yields. bHLH (basic helix–loop–helix) transcription factors play critical roles in regulating the drought response in many plants, but their roles in this ...process in sweet potato are unknown.
Here, we report that two bHLH proteins, IbbHLH118 and IbbHLH66, play opposite roles in the ABA‐mediated drought response in sweet potato. ABA treatment repressed IbbHLH118 expression but induced IbbHLH66 expression in the drought‐tolerant sweet potato line Xushu55‐2. Overexpressing IbbHLH118 reduced drought tolerance, whereas overexpressing IbbHLH66 enhanced drought tolerance, in sweet potato.
IbbHLH118 directly binds to the E‐boxes in the promoters of ABA‐insensitive 5 (IbABI5), ABA‐responsive element binding factor 2 (IbABF2) and tonoplast intrinsic protein 1 (IbTIP1) to suppress their transcription. IbbHLH118 forms homodimers with itself or heterodimers with IbbHLH66. Both of the IbbHLHs interact with the ABA receptor IbPYL8. ABA accumulates under drought stress, promoting the formation of the IbPYL8–IbbHLH66–IbbHLH118 complex. This complex interferes with IbbHLH118's repression of ABA‐responsive genes, thereby activating ABA responses and enhancing drought tolerance.
These findings shed light on the role of the IbPYL8–IbbHLH66–IbbHLH118 complex in the ABA‐dependent drought response of sweet potato and identify candidate genes for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced drought tolerance.
•Transcriptome responses in sweet potato infected with SPCSV and/or SPFMV were studied.•Numerous genes, miRNAs and phasiRNAs were responsive mainly to the dual infection.•Salicylic acid-mediated ...pathways play important roles in antiviral defense responses.
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) ranks among the most important crops in the world and provides nutritional and economic sustainability for subsistence farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production is mainly constrained by sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) caused by the coinfection of two positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV) and sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). Current understanding of sweet potato responses to SPCSV and SPFMV at the molecular level remains very limited. In this study, we performed deep sequencing of both messenger RNA (mRNA) and small RNA (sRNA) populations in an SPVD-susceptible cultivar ‘Beauregard’ upon viral infection, to identify biological pathways that contribute to both general and specific host responses to these important viral pathogens. We found that pathways related to stress response and signaling were significantly affected by viral infection. sRNA components of these pathways were predominantly affected in late stages of the coinfection by SPCSV and SPFMV. We identified several novel microRNAs that were responsive to viral infection, some of which were predicted to target nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) disease resistance genes. The downregulation of the salicylic acid-mediated defense response pathway in particular seems to be a result of the viral infection process, and can in part explain the susceptible nature of the ‘Beauregard’ cultivar.
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