This article discusses how communities from the Chilean cordillera negotiate their presence and reproduction with the Chilean State. We analyze people and animals' mobility through a multisite ...ethnography, which took place between 2021 and 2022. In this context, communities seem independent while facing the weak and inconstant State presence. However, processes of change concerning extractive economies, decreasing State aid, and consequences of climate change complicate the practices once thought to be autonomous in the mountain range. The State appears to favor certain degrees of independence through arrhythmic governance. Such an arrangement allows a fluctuating and unstable relationship that, despite the grip of the State, translates into emergent forms of autonomy that nonetheless end up being a specific type of precarization. In this sense, mountain communities maintain, complicate and, on occasion, deepen the relations of dependence towards a State that they either ignore or elude. Finally, the intertwined movements of neoliberalization, environmental stressors and precarious State governance are elements that deepen the production of an arrhythmic State movement; which also redistributes agency among actors on the terrain.
O modelo de subjetivação capitalista determina a generalização da concorrência como norma de conduta, intima os indivíduos a conceber a si mesmo e a comportar-se como uma empresa, ordena as relações ...sociais segundo o modelo de mercado e altera a lógica das políticas públicas. O presente ensaio visa compreender, a partir do referencial teórico de P. Dardot & C. Laval (2016a, 2016b, 2010), F. Guattari (1985, 1996), G. Alves (2011, 2008), D. Mancebo (2007, 2003), dentre outros, como se constitui a subjetividade do trabalhador docente do ensino superior, diante do atual processo de expansão hegemônica da racionalidade toyotista/neoliberal, e de que forma esse processo de subjetivação capitalística tem interferido sobre as condições de trabalho e ao modo/projeto de vida dos profissionais da educação. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório quanto aos objetivos e bibliográfico quanto aos procedimentos de cunho hermenêutico-analítico. Inicialmente, o ensaio trata das transformações na estrutura político-econômica, cultural e produtiva, inerentes à expansão do capitalismo flexível, que deram sustentação à construção de um novo modelo de “governança” e à formação de um novo sujeito produtivo (autogovernável). Em seguida, apresenta os mecanismos e movimentos utilizados pela racionalidade toyotista/neoliberal na formação de uma subjetividade produtivista e concorrencial e suas implicações sobre os ritmos e condições de trabalho; por fim, busca compreender as metamorfoses do trabalho docente, incluindo o fenômeno relativo à intensificação e à precarização de suas condições de trabalho, decorrente do processo de subjetivação capitalista.
Employment precariousness is widely recognised as a social determinant of health and a chronic stressor. Yet precariousness extends beyond employment, into other aspects of life. Using a ...multidimensional social pathways approach, this study examines the synergistic effects of employment and housing precariousness on self-perceived stress. This study uses the PRESSED dataset (N = 255) derived from the Barcelona Health Survey, which collects data on stress using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Employment precariousness was operationalized using the Employment Precariousness Scale (EPRES) and a multidimensional indicator of housing precariousness was constructed. Generalized structural equation modelling was used to estimate associations between these indicators and self-perceived stress measured by Perceived Stress Survey (PSS), after accounting for sociodemographic variables. Employment and housing precariousness were positively associated with self-perceived stress (OR = 3.23 ; p = 0.002) (OR = 4.28 ; p = 0.065) respectively. The mediating effect of housing precariousness accounted for 16% of the total effect of employment precariousness on stress after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Furthermore, we find that both precarious conditions were unequally distributed by age, sex educational level, and place of birth in the sample. We conclude that employment and housing precariousness are important chronic stressors and that a social pathway approach is needed.
This study employed a second stage moderated mediation analysis to investigate the influence of authentic leadership on employee flourishing via trust in the leader (mediating variable) and job ...overload (moderating variable).
To explore the relationship between authentic leadership and flourishing by considering the indirect effect of trust in the leader as potentially moderated by job overload.
An authentic leadership style, trust in the leader, and job overload may impact employee flourishing. A deeper understanding of the potential interaction effect of trust in the leader and job overload in the relationship between authentic leadership and flourishing may improve individual and organizational productivity.
This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional survey design and PROCESS for moderated mediation. The sample consisted of 314 employees in a prominent steel manufacturing organization in South Africa. The Authentic Leadership Inventory, Workplace Trust Survey (WTS), Flourishing-at-Work Scale, and the Job Demands-Resources Scale were utilized.
The study found that authentic leadership was a significant predictor of flourishing through trust in the leader. Job overload did not moderate the relationship between trust in the leader and employee flourishing.
This study emphasizes the potential role of authentic leadership in fostering a trustful relationship between employees and their leaders. It might result in the increased flourishing of employees. The non-significant influence of job overload on trusting relationships in precarious work contexts was also illuminated.
Through the analysis of these relations, organizations may be favorably equipped to optimize the resources required to improve performance. Moreover, the investigation into trust in the leader combined with job overload increases our understanding of supporting and promoting employee flourishing at work.
•We examine employment precariousness in Spain with a novel multidimensional measurement approach.•Hedonic weights are used for the selection of the dimensions of multidimensional precariousness and ...the quantification of their relative influence.•Having a fixed-term contract is the most salient component of employment precariousness according to the subjective evaluation by employees.•The precariousness of employment from a multidimensional perspective has intensified significantly in Spain in recent years.
This article examines the evolution of employment precariousness in Spain based on a new method of constructing multidimensional precarious measures. This methodology resembles the one proposed by Alkire and Foster (2007, 2011) for multidimensional poverty in the framework of the counting approach. The main novelty of the approach adopted resides in the use of hedonic weights derived from the subjective evaluation by employees for the selection of the different dimensions of jobs that make up multidimensional precariousness and the quantification of their relative influence. The evidence obtained reveals that the precariousness of employment created in Spain has intensified significantly in recent years and that the strong temporary nature of employment is the most salient component of this precariousness from a multidimensional perspective.
O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e debater as implicações da dita Reforma Trabalhista (Lei n° 13.467/2017) para o trabalho docente nas instituições de ensino superior (IES) privadas brasileiras. ...É importante ressaltar que, no caso brasileiro, os impactos desta Reforma precisam ser analisados no bojo do processo de mercantilização, empresariamento e privatização da educação superior, que se expressa de muitas formas, mas aqui analisados pelo prisma da formação de grandes conglomerados educacionais e financeirização do setor, articulando um movimento de concentração e centralização de capital e financeirização do setor, com a abertura de capital, presença de fundos de investimento e de empresas de serviços educacionais internacionais, com amplo apoio em um arcabouço político-jurídico e em políticas públicas sustentados pelo Estado em um país com imensas desigualdades sociais e educacionais. Para este texto, utilizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa documental, com consulta ao banco de leis do Senado Federal, e, ainda, consulta a fontes secundárias, como notícias e informações do Sindicato dos Professores de São Paulo (SINPRO-SP), e dos sindicatos patronais, como a Associação Brasileira das Mantenedoras de Educação Superior (ABMES) e o Fórum das entidades Representativas do Ensino Superior Particular (FERESP). Com base em uma análise crítica, concluiu-se que a Reforma Trabalhista não apenas atendeu aos interesses do setor privado no sentido de precarização e flexibilização das relações de trabalho – e das condições de existência desses trabalhadores -, mas ainda foi objeto de apreciação dos empresários deste setor e seus especialistas antes de seu encaminhamento legislativo, demonstrando o apoio desse.
Orientation:
This study investigated the influence of authentic leadership on employee flourishing while considering the potential mediating effect of trust in the organization and organizational ...support as underlying mechanisms in an uncertain setting.
Research purpose:
To examine the relationship between authentic leadership and employee flourishing by evaluating the indirect effect of organizational support and trust in the organization as potential mediators.
Motivation for the study:
An authentic leadership approach, organizational support, and trust in the organization may influence the flourishing of employees in uncertain times. Increasing the comprehension of the possible interaction effect of organizational support and trust in the organization in the relationship between authentic leadership and employee flourishing may improve individual and organizational efficiency.
Research approach/design and method:
A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was applied in this study. The sample comprised 314 employees in a noteworthy South African steel manufacturing entity. The Authentic Leadership Inventory, Workplace Trust Survey, Flourishing-at-Work Scale, and the Job Demands-Resources Scale were administered.
Main findings:
The findings of this study suggest that authentic leadership was a significant predictor of employee flourishing through organizational support and trust in the organization.
Practical/managerial implications:
This research illuminates the potential value-adding contribution of an authentic leadership style in promoting a trust-filled relationship between team members and their organization and the support they experience from their employer. Despite the prevailing precarious context, working under the mentioned conditions might result in the increased flourishing of employees.
Contribution/value-add:
The analyses of the mentioned relationships might assist businesses in optimizing the resources required to improve employee and organizational performance. Additionally, the exploration of organizational support in conjunction with organizational trust raises our understanding of the possible influence these elements can have in enhancing employee flourishing in the workplace.
The scarce society, or the society of disconcerted modernity, as it is presented in this work, implies in very general terms a situation in which the community denies its foundations. The central ...hypothesis is that it is an agonising decline of the social bond, of the social contract, of the systems of experts and of the assumption of precariousness and then of the precariousness of the precariat: The precariousness of the precarious, a psychosocial formula that attempts to explain the pre-eminence of generalised anxiety, the impossibility of self-esteem, the ominous, the banality of evil and the terrifying. From there, the question arises as to whether it is possible to relate these factors to others that perhaps go unnoticed, such as the decline, for the moment irreversible, of the population rate, which will imply in a few more generations the extinction of Humanity.
La sociedad escasa o de modernidad desconcertada, tal como se presenta en este trabajo, implica en rasgos muy generales una situación en que la comunidad niega sus fundamentos. Se plantea como hipótesis central que se trata de un agónico declive del lazo social, el contrato social, los sistemas expertos y la asunción de lo precario y luego de lo precario: la precariedad de lo precario, fórmula psicosocial con la que se intenta explicar la preeminencia de la ansiedad generalizada, la imposibilidad de la autoestima, lo ominoso, la banalidad del mal y lo terrorífico, como aquellos marcos existenciales y societarios en los que habitamos los sujetos hoy. Desde allí se plantea la pregunta si es posible relacionar estos factores con otros que quizás están pasando desapercibidos, como el declive, por el momento irreversible, de la tasa poblacional, que implicará en pocas generaciones más la extinción de la Humanidad.
Objective
This study examined the relationship between precarious employment (PE) and mental well‐being, focusing on age‐specific interactions.
Methods
Nationally representative Korean workers ...(N = 29,961) were surveyed between 2020 and 2021 to collect data on multidimensional PE (categorized as low, moderate, or high) and the WHO‐5 well‐being index. Workers' ages were classified as young (<35 years), middle‐aged (35–54 years), and older (≥55 years). Logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The interaction between PE and age on well‐being was examined by including interaction terms in the regression models.
Results
The prevalence of poor well‐being was 25%, 29%, and 39% for low, moderate, and high precariousness, respectively, whereas it was 26%, 30%, and 39% for young, middle‐aged, and older workers, respectively. In the overall sample, the OR (95% CI) of the association between PE and poor well‐being was 1.24 (1.17–1.32) for moderate and 1.54 (1.43–1.65) for high precariousness, compared with low precariousness. There was a significant interaction between old age and PE on the odds of poor well‐being. Compared with young workers with low PE, middle‐aged workers with high PE (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.62–2.10) and older workers with high PE (OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 1.83–2.40) exhibited increased odds of having poor mental well‐being.
Conclusion
PE serves as a social determinant of older workers' psychological well‐being. Policy interventions are required to protect older workers' psychological well‐being.
Key points
We explored how precarious employment (PE) interacts with workers' age to affect the mental well‐being of employees.
The odds of experiencing poor mental well‐being was greater for older workers with higher PE compared with those with lower PE.
We observed a supra‐multiplicative interaction between workers' age and PE on the odds of experiencing poor mental well‐being.
Policy interventions are required to protect the mental health of precarious older workers.
Drawing from material collected during two ethnographic investigations conducted in Rome and Lazio, I will focus on the experience of love triggered by relationships with human beings and ...archaeological remains. I aim to show how these activities give rise to a romantic experience in a context that paradoxically regards love as a fictional and unreliable reality. Utilizing Ernesto De Martino’s conceptual framework, I describe that for the transitional generation born around 1990, caught between precariousness and the triumphant narratives of their predecessors, romantic discourse serves as a shield against existential annihilation by the uncontrollable forces of the universe. It also serves as a means to attain a distinctive identity validated by Italian tradition and heritage. However, while love offers a stable and trustworthy refuge, it can also render individuals powerless to change their life situation and cope with a lack of future prospects.
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