Abstract
Despite the increasing interest and investment in whistle‐blowing regulations, policies, and mechanisms, people are still hesitant to report corruption. The existing literature explaining ...what deters people from reporting serious wrongdoing predominantly concentrates on either organisational factors or personal motivations. Only a limited number of studies integrate objective and subjective individual‐level constraints on whistle‐blowing. Using original survey data from Portugal, this article investigates two sets of individual‐level factors that explain the reluctance to report corruption: employment‐related characteristics (objective constraints) and perception‐based definitions of corruption (subjective constraints). A regression analysis of the survey data reveals that individuals working in the private sector are less inclined to report corruption compared to public officials. This finding underscores the significance of job security in influencing people's willingness to report corruption. The results also indicate that individuals with a minimalist definition of corruption, perceiving it solely as a legal offence, are more hesitant to report corruption. This finding supports the notion that whistle‐blowing policies should not be limited to reporting blatant legal violations instead of any suspected wrongdoing of corporate or public significance. Our study emphasises the need for whistle‐blowing policies to not only establish secure and visible mechanisms for reporting serious wrongdoing within organisations, but also to raise awareness of how social norms and job security can impact individuals’ decisions to report such occurrences. This article contributes to whistle‐blowing and governance research by shedding light on how perception‐based definitions and judgements of corruption, as well as employment‐related factors, can influence individuals’ willingness or unwillingness to report corruption.
Points for practitioners
Job precariousness and limited understanding of corruption are two key factors that limit individuals’ willingness to report corruption.
Policies and measures aimed at improving work conditions and ethical climate within organisations may be more effective in encouraging whistle‐blowing than solely improving formal reporting mechanisms.
Further research is needed to explore individual‐level factors for reporting corruption in different types of organisations and sectors, along with more specific information about whistle‐blowing policies and mechanisms.
Implementing effective whistle‐blowing policies and mechanisms requires not only adopting laws but also creating the institutional conditions and motivating individuals to report corruption, which may require commitment and contextual knowledge from top leadership.
Aims
The social parameters of an individual impact the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. French Guiana, an overseas French territory with a lower standard of living than France, has a prevalence ...of diabetes mellitus that is twice that of mainland France. In this context we aimed to study the relation between precariousness, diabetes complications and glycemic control.
Methods
A multicenter prospective cohort was initiated since May 2019. 1243 patients were included and their outcomes and history were compared between the precarious and non-precarious based on their EPICES score, a score that measures social isolation and precariousness.
Results
73.3% of the sample was considered precarious. Retinopathy was significantly more frequent among the deprived. There were no significant differences for other macro or microvascular complications.There was a significant difference in Glycated Haemoglobin between the precarious and non-precarious groups (8.3% (67 mmol/l) vs 8.8% (73mmol/l)). After adjusting for potential confounders, precariousness was no longer associated with poor glycemic control; the independent factors significantly associated with poor glycemic control were: not being fluent in French, having creole or portugese as mother language, and not having any insurance.
Conclusions
Precariousness is a risk factor for retinal complications in patients with diabetes mellitus in French Guiana. In this chronic disease, the universal healthcare system alleviates health inequalities for many, but not all, diabetic complications.Translation and cultural mediation may further reduce health inequalities in this multicultural territory where a substantial proportion of the population is not fluent in French.
This article introduces the special issue, ‘Social Media and Platform Work: Stories, Practices, and Workers’ Organisation’. In recent years, platform labour studies have increasingly focused on how ...the growing platformisation of labour has changed work activities, labour processes, work organising, identities, and collectivities. The literature has highlighted the role of media, communication, and social media in platform labour, but more research is needed on these interrelationships. Precisely, the analysis of platform work is necessary due to its complexity and interest in political, economic, social, cultural, and health terms. Throughout the special issue, different contributions are presented that analyse how the emergence of these new jobs brings a set of inequalities that complexify the notion of ‘work’ and dilute workers’ rights, leading to a precarious situation. The use of social media plays a crucial role in the platformisation of labour as it enables the creation of social relationships between workers but also opens the door to communicating, disseminating their work, and even learning informally and about their work. However, the use of social media can also lead to a precarious combination of platform work and content creation – or cultural production. In this regard, it is worth noting to analyse and approach the relationship between platform work and social networks precisely by addressing both perspectives, considering possible vulnerabilities derived from these situations and situations of precariousness.
Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a relação entre saúde mental, pandemia de Covid-19 e precariedades, considerando os processos contemporâneos de subjetivação neoliberal que os atravessam. ...Primeiro, apresentamos a construção histórica e social do conceito de saúde mental desde a segunda metade do século XX, cujo uso cotidiano atualmente naturalizado abrange desde o bem-estar até a patologia. Mostramos a captura do conceito e sua alteração de significado pelos processos de neoliberalização que instauram um conjunto de valores que orientam o modo de vida atual e tendem a colonizar todas as dimensões e experiências de vida. Em seguida, evidenciamos de que forma a pandemia de Covid-19 intensificou os processos de subjetivação neoliberal. As precariedades, por sua vez, são analisadas não especialmente em termos objetivos, mas, sobretudo, subjetivos, considerando o estilo de vida predominante na cultura capitalista ocidental. Concluímos explicitando a produção de uma subjetividade dominante caracterizada pela precariedade e pelo esgotamento.
Abstract The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between mental health, the Covid-19 pandemic, and precariousness, considering the contemporary processes of neoliberal subjectivation that run through them. First, we present the historical and social construction of the concept of mental health since the second half of the 20th century, whose currently naturalized everyday use ranges from wellness to pathology. We show the capture of the concept and its changing in meaning by the neoliberalization processes that establish a set of values that guide the current way of life and tend to colonize all dimensions and experiences of life. Then, we highlight how the Covid-19 pandemic has intensified the processes of neoliberal subjectivation. The precariousness, in turn, are analyzed not especially in objective terms, but mainly subjective, considering the predominant lifestyle in Western capitalist culture. We conclude by making explicit the production of a dominant subjectivity characterized by precariousness and exhaustion.
In many developing countries like Nepal, women are vocationally trained in ‘women-friendly’ professions, encouraging them to enter the labour market. Amidst discussions concerning the role of ...gender-stereotyped Vocational Training (VT) programmes in empowering women, this research makes a qualitative study of the training and post-training experiences of women graduating from two ‘women-friendly’ VT programs – tailoring and beautician. Data obtained from interviewing 12 beauticians and 7 tailors have been analysed to assess the precariousness associated with these professions and also women’s sense of empowerment through the World Bank Empowerment Framework 2005. Discussions suggest that women are often nudged into low-income occupations owing to their gender roles, lower attainment of formal education and limited access to finances. In addition to their domestic and care work, women are forced to sell cheap labour and work longer hours in a highly competitive market, which signifies the extremity of precariousness they encounter. Although VT programmes give women some agency through assets like income (albeit low), skill, information and social capital, the translation of this agency to empowerment remains questionable. Despite being professionals, women are still not the ones making decisions for their future and thus have limited social and political power. Even institutions designed to empower women leave them out of their board rooms – proving women quite powerless even while walking the recommended paths of ‘empowerment’. This research concludes that gender-stereotyped VT programmes in Nepal exacerbate gender differences, burden women with precariousness and exclude them from economic, social and political capital-earning opportunities.
This article uses a new multidimensional indicator to measure precariousness among young workers across all EU-28 countries. This indicator measures both the incidence and intensity of ...precariousness. The analysis has involved five dimensions: wages, type of contract, type of working day, disempowerment, and job insecurity. Our database is the European Union Labour Force Survey for the period 2009–2016. The main indication of precariousness is low wages. We find high rates of precariousness for Mediterranean countries (because of low wages and temporary contracts), Denmark (low wages), and the Netherlands (expansion of involuntary part-time jobs). Central European countries have moderate rates, and most Continental and Eastern countries have low rates. We also find that a higher level of education is related to a lower probability of having a precarious job. Finally, we find a greater probability of having a precarious job among women in most countries, and non-statistically significant differences by country of birth.
Gender and creative labour Conor, Bridget; Gill, Rosalind; Taylor, Stephanie
The Sociological review (Keele),
20/May , Letnik:
63, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Inequalities within the cultural and creative industries (CCI) have been insufficiently explored. International research across a range of industries reveals gendered patterns of disadvantage and ...exclusion which are, unsurprisingly, further complicated by divisions of class, and also disability and race and ethnicity. These persistent inequalities are amplified by the precariousness, informality and requirements for flexibility which are widely noted features of contemporary creative employment. In addition, women in particular are disadvantaged by the boundary-crossing (for instance, between home and work, paid work and unpaid work) and new pressures around identity-making and self-presentation, as well as continuing difficulties related to sexism and the need to manage parenting responsibilities alongside earning. This article introduces a new collection which explores these issues, marking the significance of gender for an understanding of creative labour in the neoliberal economy.
Though the growth of the gig economy has coincided with increased economic precarity in the new economy, we know less about the extent to which gig work (compared with other self-employment ...arrangements and non-gig work) may fuel economic insecurity among American households. We fill this gap in the literature by drawing on a sample of 4,756 workers from a unique national survey capturing economic hardships among non-standard workers like app- and platform-based gig and other self-employed workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from generalized boosted regression modeling, utilizing machine learning to account for potential endogeneity, demonstrated that gig workers experienced significantly greater economic hardship than non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. For example, gig workers were more likely to experience food insecurity, miss bill payments, and suffer income loss compared with non-gig and other self-employed workers during the pandemic. While household liquid assets endowment prior to the pandemic reduced the effect of gig work on experiencing economic hardships, having dependent children in the household increased this effect. Thus, contrary to democratizing entrepreneurship opportunities, these findings suggest that the expansion of the gig economy may exacerbate labor market inequality, where wealth-endowed families are protected against adverse economic consequences of the gig economy. We discuss the implications of these findings for inequality-reducing labor market policies, including policies that account for the interconnectedness of family and the labor market.
Considering the modernization policies of the Brazilian public sector carried out in recent times, the study aims to understand how the servers of the judiciary have been affected by the set of ...changes in the organization of their work and how they face the new status quo. Based on the social psychology of work approach, this empirical research with a qualitative approach was developed through in-depth interviews with 24 public officials, technicians, and judicial analysts from six cities in one of the states that are part of Brazil. The corpus resulting from the analysis and treatment of the information was subjected to content analysis; which allowed to identify that the process of naturalization and institutionalization of the logic of the market is at the heart of this public body. This dynamic, fostered by individualization mechanisms, imprints marks of subjective precariousness on the work experience, fragmentation of collective strategies of resistance and processes of accommodation, conformism and submission to power dynamics, accompanied by psychosocial effects of discomfort.
Considerando as políticas de modernização do setor público brasileiro levadas a efeito nos últimos tempos, o estudo objetiva compreender de que modo os servidores da justiça têm sido afetados pelo conjunto de mudanças na organização do seu trabalho, e como eles enfrentam o novo status quo. Ancorada no enfoque da psicologia social do trabalho, esta investigação empírica de natureza qualitativa foi desenvolvida mediante entrevistas (individuais e grupais) em profundidade com 24 servidores, técnicos e analistas judiciários, de seis diferentes cidades de um dos estados que fazem parte do Brasil. O corpus resultante da análise e tratamento das informações foi submetido à análise de conteúdo, tendo-se identificado processos de naturalização e institucionalização da lógica de mercado no âmago deste órgão público. Esta dinâmica, fomentada por mecanismos de individualização, imprime na vivência laboral marcas de precarização subjetiva, enfraquecimento das estratégias coletivas de resistência e processos de acomodação, conformismo e submissão às dinâmicas de poder, acompanhados de efeitos psicossociais de mal-estar.
Considerando las políticas de modernización del sector público brasilero llevadas a cabo en los últimos tiempos, el estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo los servidores del poder judicial han sido afectados por el conjunto de cambios en la organización de su trabajo y cómo afrontan el nuevo status quo. Fundamentada en el enfoque de la psicología social del trabajo, esta investigación empírica de enfoque cualitativo se desarrolló a través de entrevistas en profundidad a 24 funcionarios públicos, técnicos y analistas judiciales de seis ciudades de uno de los estados que forman parte de Brasil. El corpus resultante del análisis y tratamiento de la información fue sometido a análisis de contenido; lo que permitió identificar que el proceso de naturalización e institucionalización de la lógica de mercado figura en el corazón de este órgano público. Esta dinámica, fomentada por mecanismos de individualización, imprime en la vivencia laboral marcas de precariedad subjetiva, fragmentación de estrategias colectivas de resistencia y procesos de acomodación, conformismo y sometimiento a dinámicas de poder, acompañados de efectos psicosociales de malestar.
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