The second Slovenian national healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) prevalence survey (SNHPS) was conducted in acute-care hospitals in 2011. The objective was to assess the sensitivity and ...specificity of the method used for the ascertainment of six types of HAIs (bloodstream infections, catheter-associated infections, lower respiratory tract infections, pneumoniae, surgical site infections, and urinary tract infections) in the University Medical Centre Ljubljana (UMCL).
A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients surveyed in the SNHPS in the UMCL using a retrospective medical chart review (RMCR) and European HAIs surveillance definitions. Sensitivity and specificity of the method used in the SNHPS using RMCR as a reference was computed for ascertainment of patients with any of the six selected types of HAIs and for individual types of HAIs. Agreement between the SNHPS and RMCR results was analyzed using Cohen's kappa coefficient.
1474 of 1742 (84.6%) patients surveyed in the SNHPS were included in RMCR. The sensitivity of the SNHPS method for detecting any of six HAIs was 90% (95% confidence interval (CI): 81%-95%) and specificity 99% (95% CI: 98%-99%). The sensitivity by type of HAI ranged from 63% (lower respiratory tract infections) to 92% (bloodstream infections). Specificity was at least 99% for all types of HAIs. Agreement between the two data collection approaches for HAIs overall was very good (κ=0.83).
The overall sensitivity of SNHPS collection method for ascertaining HAIs overall was high and the specificity was very high. This suggests that the estimated prevalence of HAIs in the SNHPS was credible.
Verrucous epidermal nevi are noninflammatory, congenital, cutaneous hamartomas composed of keratinocytes, abnormal clone(s) of cells that reflect genetic mosaicism arising from different somatic ...mutations. Some of these mutations are well recognized, but some are still unidentified. Molecular techniques are used for identification and classification of molecular causes of certain epidermal nevi, whereas all verrucous epidermal nevi are divided into epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic types. They are typically present at birth, but may appear during childhood, even later. Their prevalence in adults ranges from 0.1 to 0.5%, equally affecting both sexes, and about 1 in 1000 newborns.
Warty, brown papules without inflammation distinguish verrucous nevi from other epidermal nevi, while presence at birth and persistance distinguish verrucous epidermal nevi from linear viral warts. Epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic verrucous epidermal nevi are almost always hard to distinguish, except by histology. As a rule, verrucous epidermal nevi are asymptomatic, they have a benign course, except occasionally, and therapy is mostly used for cosmetic reasons. Simple excision is usually the treatment of choice. Topical agents are rarely curative, as well as surgery which is associated with relapses, unless both epidermis and the underlying dermis are removed or destroyed at the same time.
We present a case of an otherwise healthy 21-year-old female patient, who presented with a solitary congenital verrucous cauliflower-like lesion in the right zygomatic region of the face. The lesion was present from birth. Due to its gradual growth during years, the lesion became a great esthetic and functional problem for this young patient. There was no family history of similar or any other tumorous skin lesions in the family. On examination, the patient had a solitar unilateral, well defined yellowish cauliflower-like verrucous lesion confined to the right malar side of the face. The lesion was distributed along the lines of Blaschko extending horizontally, from its wider 1.5 cm cauliflower-like part on the right zygomatic region, towards its tail-like 0.5 cm thick end on the preauricular region, in approximately 3 cm long tail-like manner without crossing the midline. Since the patient refused biopsy, no exact differentiation between epidermolytic and non-epidermolytic nevi was possible. The diagnosis of verrucous epidermal nevus was based on history and clinical presentation, as a diagnosis of exclusion. Due to the fact that patients with epidermolytic verrucous epidermal nevi are at risk of parenting a child with bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, the patient was counseled on this risk, and on the possibility of first-trimester antenatal diagnosis. The lesion was successfully treated by radio-wave surgery.
Objectives. The aim of this study was to determine the most common disease symptoms in the Slovenian adult population, to determine their prevalence and to identify the demographic and other factors ...associated with higher prevalence of the symptoms. Methods. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using computer assisted telephone interviewing - CATI thatcovered questions about the prevalence of 23 disease symptoms in the past month, their duration and general demographic information. The sample included 1,002 interviewees (age 15 - 90). Results. The results showed that the most common symptoms among Slovenian people are back pain (409 interviewees - 40.8%), joint pain (334 interviewees - 33.4%), excessive fatigue (308 interviewees - 30.7%), nervousness (285 interviewees - 28.4%), headache (280 interviewees - 27.9%), irritability (261 interviewees - 26.1%) and insomnia (259 interviewees - 25.8%). Disease symptoms occurred more often in women, the elderly, people with lower education and lower income, theunemployed, retired people and people with a chronic disease. The independent predictive factors for the presence of any symptoms were female gender and chronic disease. Conclusions. The prevalence of disease symptoms troubling the adult Slovenian population is high, as 77.3% of people suffer from at least one symptom. The study showed the population groups thatare most heavily burdened (females, the elderly, chronic patients, people with lower socio-economic status) and to which more attention should be paid in primary health care and prevention.
Namen. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kateri bolezenski simptomi se najpogosteje pojavljajo pri odraslem prebivalstvu Slovenije in določiti njihovo prevalenco in dejavnike, ki nanjo vplivajo. Metode. Raziskava je bila presečna opazovalna in je potekala s pomočjo računalniško podprtega telefonskega anketiranja - CATI. Vključena sta bila 1002 prebivalca, stara med 15 in 90 let. Telefonski intervju je zajemal vprašanja o pojavnosti 23 bolezenskih simptomov, njihovem trajanju in o demografskih podatkih. Izsledki. Slovensko prebivalstvo ima najpogosteje težave z bolečinami v hrbtenici (409 oseb - 40,8 %), bolečinami v sklepih (334 oseb - 33,4 %), s prekomerno utrujenostjo (308 oseb - 30,7 %), z živčnostjo (285 oseb - 28,4 %), glavobolom (280 oseb - 27,9 %), razdražljivostjo (261 oseb - 26,1 %) in z nespečnostjo (259 oseb - 25,8 %). Statistično pogosteje so se bolezenski simptomi pojavljali pri ženskah, starejših, nižje izobraženih, ljudeh z nižjim osebnim dohodkom, nezaposlenih, upokojenih in tistih z znano kronično boleznijo. Neodvisna napovedna dejavnika za prisotnost vsaj enega bolezenskega simptoma sta ženski spol in prisotnost kronične bolezni. Sklepi. Slovensko prebivalstvo je znatno obremenjeno z bolezenskimi simptomi, saj 77,3 % vprašanih bremeni vsaj en bolezenski simptom. Raziskava je odkrila skupine prebivalstva, ki so bolezenskim simptomom še posebej podvržene (ženske, starejši, kronični bolniki, ljudje z nižjim socioekonomskim statusom) in katerim bi morala biti namenjena še posebna pozornost na ravni primarnega zdravstvenega varstva in preventivne dejavnosti
Estudi dels paràsits intestinals en una població de fagines (Martes foina) del centre d’Espanya S’han analitzat 21 mostres coprològiques fresques de fagina (Martes foina) (Erxleben, 1777) recollides ...al Parc Natural de les Gorges del riu Riaza (Segòvia) que han estat processades mitjançant el mètode de Ritchie modificat com a tècnica de concentració. S’hi han detectat quatre gèneres de coccidis (entre els quals destaquen per l’abundància Isospora i Eimeria), dos de trematodes, tres de cestodes, vuit de nematodes i un d’acantocèfal. Les prevalences de la majoria de paràsits són baixes en tots els gèneres detectats excepte Isospora sp. (Schneider, 1875), Eimeria sp. (Schneider, 1875) i Toxocara sp. (Stiles, 1905), que presenten valors superiors al 20 %. La riquesa de paràsits és inferior a la detectada en altres poblacions i és probable que aquests mustèlids actuïn com a dispersadors dels paràsits atès que l’aspecte extern dels exemplars observats és bo.
Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad (SyO) en adultos mexicanos de 20 años o más, así como detallar su tendencia en las últimas tres encuestas. Material y métodos. Se consideró ...una muestra de 38 208 adultos con antropometría. La clasificación para categorizar índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue la de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). Para obesidad abdominal, se utilizó la clasificación de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDF). Resultados. La prevalencia de SyO fue 71.3% (sobrepeso 38.8% y obesidad 32.4%). La prevalencia de obesidad abdominal fue 74.0%, siendo mayor en mujeres (82.8%) que en hombres (64.5%). En los últimos 12 años se ha observado un incremento promedio anualizado de 1.3%, siendo éste mayor en el periodo 2000-2006 (2.1%) que en el periodo 2006- 2012 (0.3%). Conclusión. Si bien las tendencias muestran una desaceleración del aumento en la prevalencia, no existe evidencia que permita inferir que disminuirá en los próximos años. Por ello, las políticas públicas para su prevención y control deberán intensificarse y mejorarse.
•The COVID-19 outbreak significantly affects the mental health of Chinese public•During the outbreak, young people had a higher risk of anxiety than older people•Spending too much time thinking about ...the outbreak is harmful to mental health•Healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep
China has been severely affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19) since December, 2019. We aimed to assess the mental health burden of Chinese public during the outbreak, and to explore the potential influence factors. Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 7,236 self-selected volunteers assessed with demographic information, COVID-19 related knowledge, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. The overall prevalence of GAD, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality of the public were 35.1%, 20.1%, and 18.2%, respectively. Younger people reported a significantly higher prevalence of GAD and depressive symptoms than older people. Compared with other occupational group, healthcare workers were more likely to have poor sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (< 35 years) and time spent focusing on the COVID-19 (≥ 3 hours per day) were associated with GAD, and healthcare workers were at high risk for poor sleep quality. Our study identified a major mental health burden of the public during the COVID-19 outbreak. Younger people, people spending too much time thinking about the outbreak, and healthcare workers were at high risk of mental illness. Continuous surveillance of the psychological consequences for outbreaks should become routine as part of preparedness efforts worldwide.
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