Medical secrecy is going through a troubled period today. The multiplication of health care providers, technological progress and the pressure of financial policies tend to put pressure on this ...institution and to redefine its contours. In Swiss law, medical secrecy is now governed by an abundance of legal provisions whose implementation has become complex and unpredictable. After a first part dealing with the historical origins of medical secrecy, its main current factors of influence and its ethical justifications, the book systematically analyzes the multiple duties of confidentiality that may apply to caregivers, their respective limits and their articulation. The study concludes with an analysis of several scenarios for the future of medical confidentiality.
This scientific article is dedicated to the reconceptualization of penal protection of the professional medical secret in acordance with the Criminal law of Romania and Republic of Moldova. There ...have been shown that in Moldavian legislation there doesn’t exist any penal norm which will incriminate and sanctionate the violation of medical professional secret regime, being provided by law only violation of personal inviolability by means of disclosure of personal secret. At the same time, Criminal law of Romania has a special penal norm which incriminates the disclosure of professional secret, but, in opinion of the authors, taking into account the last reccommendations formulated by the international authorities, this legal norm must be revised in such a manner in which it will permit incrimination of all types of the violation of confidential medical data about the patient during the professional activity.
Le secret professionnel, institué dans l’intérêt des patients, peut se retourner contre eux lors des actions en justice. Pour remédier à cela, le législateur a prévu toute une série de lois ...permettant à la fois de protéger le secret professionnel et l’intérêt des patients.
Professional secrecy, instituted in the interest of patients, can be invoked against them in legal proceedings. To remedy this, the legislator has provided for a whole series of laws to protect both professional secrecy and the interests of patients.
În articol sunt analizate soluțiile legislative în materie penală ale statelor străine în ceea ce priveşte protecția datelor confidențiale cu caracter personal în regim juridic de secret profesional. ...În acest scop au fost identificate și sintetizate normele juridico-penale ce se conțin în Codurile penale și în legi speciale penale ale unor state europene (Franța, Germania, Elveția, Italia) și ale unor state din spațiul post-sovietic (Ucraina, Belarus, Kazahstan, Kârgâzstan, Georgia). Pe parcursul cercetării s-a observat că legiuitorii din spațiul european oferă suficiente garanții protecției oricărui secret profesional, iar legislația penală a statelor din spațiul post-sovietic se limitează doar la protecția juridico-penală a secretului profesional medical (cu excepția Georgiei). În baza cercetării intreprinse sunt formulate concluzii și recomandări menite să lichideze lacunele legislative depistate. Confidential Personal data protection in the regime of professional secrecy: comparative penal law approach In the realm of this scientific article there are analyzed legislative approaches in penal matter of foreign countries concerning confidential personal data protection in the regime of professional secrecy. In such a manner there have been identified and synthesized penal norms which are contained in the Criminal code and other special laws of some European countries (France, Germany, Swiss confederation and Italy) as well as several states form the Post-Soviet space (Ukraine, Belarusi, Kazahstan, Kyrgyzstan, Georgia). During the research there have been found, that foreign lawmakers offer sufficient guarantees for penal protection of professional data, while penal legislation from the Post-Soviet space is restricted only to penal protection of the professional medical secret, except for Georgia. As a result of the research there have been formulated conclusions and recommendations which are designed to compensate legislative gaps.
Acest articol este consacrat identificării unor aspecte privind asigurarea protecției juridico-penale a secretului profesional în legea penală a României și în cea a Republicii Moldova prin ...realizarea unui studiu empiric care a constat în efectuarea sondajului de opinii. Autorul a pornit de la ipoteza conform căreia secretul profesional este unul derivat și suprastructural care nu coincide cu secretul primar al vieții private; totodată, concentrarea asupra protecției interesului privat devine o trăsătură indispensabilă a secretului profesional. Prin urmare, protecția juridico-penală a inviolabilității vieții private nu este în stare să asigure protecția juridico-penală a secretului profesional. Se ajunge la concluzia că în știința juridică contemporană, precum și în acte normative, se constată utilizarea rară a conceptului de secret profesional. În urma studiului empiric întreprins, sunt formulate mai multe propuneri de lege ferenda pentru îmbunătățirea legii penale române și a legii penale moldovenești. The empirical research on criminal law protection of professional secrecy in Romania and republic of moldova This article is dedicated to identification of some aspects concerning penal legal protection of professional secret in Criminal Law of Romania and Republic of Moldova by means of an empirical study which consisted in sociological interview. The author began from the hypothesis according to which the professional secret is a derivative one and being a superstructure over the private secret doesn’t overlap with it, at the same time concentration on protection of the private interest becomes an indispensable feature of professional secret. As a result, the penal legal protection of inviolability of private life doesn’t cover the penal protection of professional secret. The author observes that the modern legal science applies the concept of professional secret in infrequent cases. As a result of empirical research, the author suggested several proposals of lege ferenda in order to improve the Romanian and Moldavian penal law.
Scopul acestui articol rezidă în efectuarea unei analize juridice cuprinzătoare a semnelor obiective ale infracțiunilor prevăzute la articolele 178, 259, 2601, 2602 CP RM cu scopul de a cerceta ...plenititudinea și relevanța protecției juridico-penale a secretului profesional în legea penală a Republicii Moldova. În cadrul cercetării științifice s-a studiat literatura de specialitate, s-a analizat legislația extrapenală din Republica Moldova, s-au examinat actele internaționale în materia asigurării și protecției datelor personale confidențiale; s-au analizat semnele obiective ale faptelor infracționale prevăzute la articolele 178, 259, 2601, 2602 CP RM; s-a examinat practica judiciară; s-a cercetat plenititudinea și relevanța protecției juridico-penale a secretului profesional în legea penală a Republicii Moldova; s-a argumentat necesitatea revizuirii normelor care urmează a fi revizuite; s-au propus modificări de lege ferenda în scopul îmbunătățirii viitoare a legii penale.Cuvinte-cheie: secret primar, secret derivat, secret profesional, secretul corespondenței, corespondență electronică, acces la informații protejate, secretul vieții private.
Penal legal protection of the professional secret in the light of the articles 178, 259, 2601, 2602 of the criminal code of the republica moldova
The basic purpose of this article consists in the detailed penal analysis of objective signs of the criminal offences provided in the articles 178, 259, 2601, 2602 Criminal code of the Republic of Moldova. The main task is considered to be the investigation of the relevant penal protection of professional secret in the Criminal Law of the Republic of Moldova. There have been researched the following sources: special scientific literature; national regulations as well as international treaties in the matter of confidential data protection. A special place is taken by the judicial practice. More than it, in the realm of this article the necessity for the further updating has been discussed, as a result, several amendments were proposed for the future improvement of the Criminal Law.
This scientific article is dedicated to a comparative research of the service secret and the professional secret in the realm of Romanian and Moldavian penal and extra-penal legislation. ...Recommendations of the Council of Europe and the national legislation (Romania and Republic of Moldova) became the necessary basis of investigation in the matter of legal protection of service secret and professional secret. At the same time, in order to ensure the reasonableness of research the author has performed an analysis of contemporary doctrine in the sphere of Substantive Criminal Law and Informational Law. As a result, there have been formulated several conclusions deemed to clarify the legal nature service and professional secret.
În cadrul acestui demers științific sunt elaborate unele soluții privind protecția juridico-penală a secretului profesional al jurnalistului. Fundamentarea cadrului conceptual preconizează ...optimizarea cadrului incriminator prin formularea unor sugestii de lege ferenda menite să îmbunătățească substanțial dreptul penal al Republicii Moldova. Astfel, am demonstrat că norma juridico-penală cu privire la încălcarea inviolabilității vieții personale, în conformitate cu alin.(1) art.177 CP RM, nu oferă protecție suficientă informației obținute, păstrate sau prelucrate în regimul secretului profesional, deoarece aceste date confidențiale sunt ocrotite în regimul secretului personal sau familial, care îi aparține deținătorului primar, pe când secretul profesional presupune că acesta este administrat de către deținătorul secund (specialistul care a obținut informații confidențiale în legătură cu exercitarea atribuțiilor sale profesionale). profesional journalist secrecy in criminal law and ECHR caseLawIn the realm of this scientific message are elaborated some solutions concerning criminal law protection of professional journalist secrecy. The conceptual framework envisages optimizing the incriminating construction by formulating some suggestions de lege ferenda aimed to improve substantially Criminal law of the Republic of Moldova. The author demonstrated that the criminal legal norm concerning the violation of inviolability of privacy provided by paragraph (1) article 177 of the Criminal code, doesn’t offer sufficient protection to the data obtained, stored or processed in the professional secrecy regime, because those confidential data are protected in the regime of personal or family secret which belongs to the primary owner, while the professional secrecy assumes that this kind of secrecy is administrated by the secondary owner (the employee who obtained the confidential data in connection with the execution of his/her professional competences).
À l’ère de l’internet et du déploiement de l’intelligence artificielle, la collecte et le traitement de données personnelles deviennent un élément stratégique pour le développement de l’économie ...numérique. Une particulière attention devra être portée sur le respect des droits des personnes lors du recueil de renseignements touchant à la santé ou au corps. Le Règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD) est entré en vigueur le 25 mai 2018. L’exercice des professionnels de santé établis dans un État membre, sera impacté dans la mesure où il peut s’appuyer sur des éléments cliniques ou biologiques des patients.
With the Internet and the artificial intelligence, the collection of personal data is becoming a strategic element for the digital economy. The collection of information touching the health or the body must respect the patients’ rights. The GDPR came into effect on May 25th, 2018. The healthcare professionals who are established in a Member state, must be careful because they can base their exercise on clinical or biological elements of their patients.
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