We study the fundamental limits to secret key generation from an excited distributed source (EDS). In an EDS, a pair of terminals observe dependent sources of randomness excited by a pre-arranged ...signal. We first determine the secret key capacity for such systems with one-way public messaging. We then characterize a tradeoff between the secret key rate and exponential bounds on the probability of key agreement failure and on the secrecy of the key generated. We find that there is a fundamental tradeoff between reliability and secrecy. We then explore this framework within the context of reciprocal wireless channels. In this setting, the users transmit pre-arranged excitation signals to each other. When the fading is Rayleigh, the observations of the users are jointly Gaussian sources. We show that an on-off excitation signal with an signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)-dependent duty cycle achieves the secret key capacity of this system. Furthermore, we characterize a fundamental metric - minimum energy per key bit for reliable key generation - and show that in contrast to conventional AWGN channels, there is a nonzero threshold SNR that achieves the minimum energy per key bit. The capacity achieving on-off excitation signal achieves the minimum energy per key bit at any SNR below the threshold. Finally, we build off our error exponent results to investigate the energy required to generate a key using a finite block length. Again we find that on-off excitation signals yield an improvement when compared to constant excitation signals. In addition to Rayleigh fading, we analyze the performance of a system based on binary channel phase quantization.
Race and Public Deliberation Mendelberg, Tali; Oleske, John
Political communication,
20/4/1/, Letnik:
17, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Although deliberation has a central place in democratic theory, scholars know little about how it actually works. Most deliberative theorists emphasize the many good consequences of deliberation. By ...contrast, Mansbridge suggests that deliberation in certain circumstances may exacerbate conflict. Scholarship on racial politics suggests that each hypothesis is complicated by implicitly racial language. Using a quasi-experiment, we contrast the rhetoric in two town meetings about school desegregation: a segregated meeting with homogeneous interests, in which segregated Whites unanimously argued against desegregation, and an integrated meeting with heterogeneous interests, in which segregated Whites argued against integrated Whites, Hispanics, and African Americans. We find that (a) deliberation at the segregated meeting maintained consensus among segregated Whites; (b) these citizens used coded rhetoric that appeared universal, well-reasoned, and focused on the common good, but in fact advanced their group interest; (c) deliberation at the integrated meeting maintained the conflict between segregated Whites and others; and (d) there, rhetoric that seemed universal to segregated Whites was decoded by the integrated audience as racist and group interested. We highlight the problem posed by the contested meaning of language and suggest ways to make deliberation more effective.
This study examines discursive style exhibited in public issue discussion groups and its impact on perceived learning and respect. Specifically, we examined powerful style, measured by the level of ...several linguistic markers associated with social influence, across sex, income, and education in 23 public discussions. We found that men and those with higher socioeconomic status displayed high-power style in a group discussion. Furthermore, high-power speakers were less likely to report having gained new insights from the discussions. We consider the implications of these findings and call for more research to better understand how powerful style is used in public discussions and to what effect.
This article focuses on the theoretical and conceptual issues that reside at the intersection of deliberation and action. Looking at the Antigonish Movement and the USDA's farmer discussion groups ...and schools of philosophy in the 1930s and 1940s, the article identifies salient points about the ways in which institutional leaders developed programs that attended to concerns about the role of facts, values, and strategies by embedding deliberative talk within collaborative efforts through education and community development initiatives.
La identidad social es plural, no unívoca, elegida, no heredada ni meramente descubierta, y en convivencia armónica con otras identidades (Sen, 2001, p. 319). Las identidades remiten al término de ...capacidad, un aspecto de la libertad entendido como la disposición a elegir de los individuos a partir de la existencia de oportunidades sustantivas (Sen, 2004, p. 520). En la actualidad se construyen y refuerzan algunas identidades, pero también se debilitan otras, como las que afectan al ámbito laboral. Este texto insiste en la necesidad de reflexionar en la vinculación existente entre identidad, libertad y responsabilidad. La identidad sin libertad se hace quimera, pero la presencia de identidad y libertad sin responsabilidad se hace también imposible. Porque la identidad como opción que se elige, y que implica una acción, necesita tanto de la responsabilidad individual como de la responsabilidad para con otros posibilitando oportunidades sustantivas para hacerla efectiva. Este trabajo es pertinente porque la literatura existente no se detiene de forma explícita en analizar estas relaciones.
It seems that in the current era of globalization, the national discourse has not lost its appeal in Finnish public discussion. Somewhat paradoxically, it is as strong as ever when the challenge of ...globalization is being debated in the Finnish press. A closer investigation of the national arena
(HS) shows a coalition of powerful societal actors in the centre, building up a national consensus and a vision of Finland’s future as a competition state. Different interest groups are divided in their attitudes towards globalization and its implications for Finnish society. Less powerful actors see it as a threat and try to bring forward a vision of Finland as a fair and responsible nation. At the same time, mainstream journalism seems to be afraid of political conflict and of stirring things up. Instead, the paper holds on to the traditional consensus-oriented public discussion culture. The present article discusses the Finnish globalization discussion from the 1990s until 2004.
In a secure message transmission (SMT) scenario, a sender wants to send a message in a private and reliable way to a receiver. Sender and receiver are connected by n wires, t of which can be ...controlled by an adaptive adversary with unlimited computational resources. In Eurocrypt 2008, Garay and Ostrovsky considered an SMT scenario where sender and receiver have access to a public discussion channel and showed that secure and reliable communication is possible when n ≥ t + 1. In this paper, we will show that a secure protocol requires at least three rounds of communication and two rounds invocation of the public channel and hence give a complete answer to the open question raised by Garay and Ostrovsky. We also describe a round optimal protocol that has constant transmission rate over the public channel.
RUSSIA’S ACCESSION TO THE WTO Kazun, Anastasia; Barsukova, Svetlana
Revue d'études comparatives est-ouest,
12/2016, Letnik:
47, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The paper focuses on the debates about Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) that unfolded in Russia’s print media from December 2010 to December 2013. The authors highlight the ...initial arguments of supporters and opponents of this accession, the ways in which those arguments are presented in the media, and the differences in the standpoints of the business, government and expert communities. The authors further analyze changes in the content of this discussion and its discursive space following Russia’s accession to the WTO. Our research on print media shows that positive assessments of Russia’s accession to the WTO prevailed before it entered into force. However, after the accession negative assessments started to dominate. This may be explained by the fact that before the accession it was mainly politicians and officials who expressed support for the act, while after the accession the negative views of the business community became more prevalent. Politicians and officials supported the accession by relying on abstract values of “progress” and “open markets”, while businessmen’s (mainly agribusiness) views took into account the non-competitiveness of their industries. Media campaigns helped some industries to create images of “victims” (resulting from enforcement of the treaty) in order to legitimize the industry lobby and the need for government subsidies to compensate for the damage caused by the WTO.
L’article traite des débats sur l’entrée de la Russie dans l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) qui se sont déployés dans la presse écrite russe de décembre 2010 à décembre 2013. Les auteurs mettent en lumière les arguments initiaux des partisans et des adversaires de l’adhésion, les manières de présenter ces arguments dans les médias, et les différences de point de vue entre les milieux d’affaires, les politiques et les experts. Les auteurs analysent en particulier les changements dans le contenu de la discussion et l’espace discursif qu’elle occupe après l’entrée de la Russie dans l’OMC. Notre recherche sur la presse écrite montre que les opinions positives sur l’entrée dans l’OMC prévalaient avant son entrée en vigueur. Cependant, après l’entrée dans l’OMC, les opinions négatives ont commencé à dominer. Cela peut s’expliquer par le fait qu’avant l’entrée dans l’OMC, c’étaient principalement les politiciens et les officiels qui exprimaient leur soutien au projet, tandis qu’après l’entrée dans l’OMC, ce sont les avis négatifs de la communauté des hommes d’affaires qui ont prévalu. Les politiques et les officiels ont soutenu l’entrée dans l’OMC en s’appuyant sur des valeurs abstraites de “progrès”, et d’“ouverture du marché”, tandis que les opinions des hommes d’affaires (principalement dans le secteur agricole) prenaient en compte la non-compétitivité de leurs industries. Les campagnes médiatiques ont aidé certaines industries à forger des images de “victimes” (consécutives au renforcement du traité) afin de légitimiser le lobby industriel et le besoin de subventions gouvernementales pour compenser les dommages causés par l’OMC.
Acknowledging the private sector as a key interest group for the EU poliymaking level, little importance is given to the role of this sector during one country’s EU negotiation and membership ...processes. At the candidate country level, this role is articulated implicitily, but insufficiently. There are in general few evidences on the private sector interest and contribution to the EU integration process, although they remain country specific. Additionally, key connecting linkages between the private sector and EU processes relate to the impact the latter have on the private sector, regarding all internal transformation processes and adaptation to the "new market rules". Regarding Albania, there is currently: (1) no analysis on the private sector level of information on the EU, reforms, costs/benefits, together with the role and contribution that may come to the negotiation stages by the sector; (2) no assessment of the sector's perceptions of difficulties and potentials, as well as expectations at national/European level; and (3) no assessment of the current capacity to face the challenges and benefit from the potentials within EU, as a larger market. An evidence-based analysis on these issues will be conducted for the Albanian case, conducting a questionnaire that targets 65 top companies by sectors that will be previously selected based on a prioritization methodology. Starting a comprehensive public discussion on connecting linkages between the EU integration process and the private sector is necessary in this “momentum” of the country, aiming at helping the policy-making with practical evidences on the current capacities and expectations of the sector, as well as spaces/instruments for further involvement and contribution.
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