This descriptive and exploratory study has aimed to assess the participation of municipalities from Ceará in the financing of sport and leisure public policies through a unit analysis of expenditure ...in the Sport and Leisure Function (SLF). The period of analysis refers to the ten first years during which information has been made available on the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting and Fiscal Information System, from the National Treasure Department, from 2002 to 2011. Municipalities from Ceará don’t prefer inaction and present high adhesion to the sport and leisure agenda. Results of CP4 and TU3 indicate a strong expansion on expenditures in higher levels of urbanization and population class. Throughout the period, expenses in SLF have increased in a quite
significant manner.
The aging population problem caused by low intention to give birth has already appeared in China and will become more severe in the future. Even with the gradual implementation of the two-child ...policy, there is still no significant change in the intention to have more children. Using data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) and after consolidating city-level data from China's City Statistic Yearbook and the CEIC database, this study conducted ordered probit regression analyses to investigate whether the public expenditure of local governments could significantly affect an individual's fertility intention to have a second child or more. Our results show that overall government expenditure increases fertility intention. Quantitatively, an increase of 10,000 yuan per capita in government expenditure would lead to an increase in fertility intention from 2.357 to 3.407 children. In addition, specific forms of government expenditure, except for social security expenditure, could increase fertility intention. Finally, we explored the effect heterogeneity of public spending on fertility intention from different aspects. The government still plays an essential role in an individual's fertility intention, but the effect of costs and expenses being borne by the government on increasing fertility intention will be significant.
•The total expendituressignificantly increase an individual’s fertility intention in China.•Educational expenditures increase the fertility intention. However, the social security expenditures lower the fertility intention.•The effect of public spending on fertility intention varies by gender, hukou status, whether having a child and the first child’s gender.
The paper investigates the linkage between public health expenditure and general health among all the European Union member states. Using the regression analysis we considered three independent ...variables (health expenditure, GDP/capita growth and number of nurses and midwives per 1000 inhabitants) and 2 dependent variables (life expectancy and infant mortality rate) to build two multifactorial regressions. Following the results, we were able to see that an increase in health expenditure generates an increase in life expectancy. Nevertheless, an increase in health expenditure generates a decrease in the infant mortality rate.
We argue that the government-spending multiplier can be much larger than one when the zero lower bound on the nominal interest rate binds. The larger the fraction of government spending that occurs ...while the nominal interest rate is zero, the larger the value of the multiplier. After providing intuition for these results, we investigate the size of the multiplier in a dynamic, stochastic, general equilibrium model. In this model the multiplier effect is substantially larger than one when the zero bound binds. Our model is consistent with the behavior of key macro aggregates during the recent financial crisis.
A notable feature of the Italian healthcare system – where funding is centralized and regions manage services locally – is the mismatch between expenditure and funding dynamics, leading to a ...structural deficit and frequent bailouts on the part the regions. To explain the actions of central and regional governments, we propose a strategic game. The nature of the game varies depending on whether we are in an electoral period for the renewal of the regional government. During elections, regional incumbents use their information advantages, and it is rational for them to increase the deficit, whereas for the central government, it is rational to reduce transfers.
That result is confirmed by the empirical analysis run on the 15 Italian Regions with ordinary statutes between 1982 and 2020. We have used Italy as a case study to demonstrate the relevance of our hypothesis, but we believe that the theoretical framework proposed in our paper can be applied to explain the significance of political cycles in determining the interaction between different levels of government in other federal contexts.
•An expenditure-funding dynamics mismatch characterizes the Italian healthcare system•A strategic game describes the interaction between central government and regions•During elections, regions increase deficit, the central government reduce transfers•Empirical analysis of the 15 Italian Regions, between 1982–2020, confirms the results
We investigate the effect of lane kilometers of roads on vehicle-kilometers traveled (VKT) in US cities. VKT increases proportionately to roadway lane kilometers for interstate highways and probably ...slightly less rapidly for other types of roads. The sources for this extra VKT are increases in driving by current residents, increases in commercial traffic, and migration. Increasing lane kilometers for one type of road diverts little traffic from other types of road. We find no evidence that the provision of public transportation affects VKT. We conclude that increased provision of roads or public transit is unlikely to relieve congestion.
•Based on the quasi-natural experiment of carbon trading pilots, DID model is constructed to empirically test the carbon reduction effect of carbon trading policy in the power industry. This study ...also analyzes the impact of carbon price, carbon market activity, and carbon market size on carbon emission reduction in the power industry.•This study constructs the LMDI factor decomposition model, and adopts the two-stage method to decompose the influencing factors of carbon reduction in the power industry from the perspective of local public expenditure. Specifically, factors include the carbon intensity of local public expenditure (expressed by CIPE), the local public expenditure scale (expressed by ALG), the effect of public expenditure intensity on technological progress (TO), the effect of public expenditure intensity on labor input (PO), public environmental expenditure on population (PEPE), share of public environmental expenditure (EPEE), share of public science and technology expenditure (TEPE), share of public education expenditure (EEPE).•Based on the perspective of carbon trading policy and local public expenditure synergy, this study examines whether carbon trading policy and local public expenditure can synergistically promote carbon reduction in the power industry.
The power industry is the largest carbon-emitting sector in China, accounting for about 40% of the country's total carbon emissions. Studying the carbon emission reduction from the perspective of the power industry has important theoretical and practical significance for formulating targeted carbon emission reduction policies. This study examines the carbon reduction effect of the carbon trading policy, local public expenditure, and the synergistic scenario of the both in the power industry of 30 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019. The study shows that: (1) The carbon trading policy significantly promotes carbon reduction in the power industry, and the longer the carbon trading policy is implemented, the stronger the inhibitory effect. The carbon price, carbon market activity, and carbon market size in the carbon market mechanism have a significant negative correlation on the carbon emissions of the power industry. (2) In the overall period from 2010 to 2019, the carbon intensity of local public expenditure (CIPE) made the largest contribution to promoting carbon reduction in the power industry, with -175.581%, while the effect of public expenditure intensity on labor input (PO) contributed the most to the suppression of carbon reduction in the power industry, with 136.930%. (3) Under the synergy effect of carbon trading policy and local public expenditure, the share of local public expenditure (ALG) and per capita GDP (PGDP) can promote carbon reduction in the power industry. Paying attention to the timing, distribution, and complementarity of policies to promote the synergy effect of carbon trading policy and local public expenditure is a major feature of realizing carbon emission reduction in the power industry, green economic development, and improving China's unified carbon market.
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How big (small?) are fiscal multipliers? Ilzetzki, Ethan; Mendoza, Enrique G.; Végh, Carlos A.
Journal of monetary economics,
03/2013, Letnik:
60, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Contributing to the debate on the macroeconomic effects of fiscal stimuli, we show that the impact of government expenditure shocks depends crucially on key country characteristics, such as the level ...of development, exchange rate regime, openness to trade, and public indebtedness. Based on a novel quarterly dataset of government expenditure in 44 countries, we find that (i) the output effect of an increase in government consumption is larger in industrial than in developing countries; (ii) the fiscal multiplier is relatively large in economies operating under predetermined exchange rates but is zero in economies operating under flexible exchange rates; (iii) fiscal multipliers in open economies are smaller than in closed economies; (iv) fiscal multipliers in high-debt countries are negative.
► We estimate the fiscal multiplier using an SVAR with a new quarterly database. ► The fiscal multiplier is larger in industrial than in developing countries. ► The fiscal multiplier is larger under fixed than under flexible exchange rates. ► Fiscal multipliers in open economies are smaller than in closed economies. ► Fiscal multipliers in high-debt countries are negative.
•We empirically examine the impact of social public spending on human development distribution in a sample of 82 developed and developing countries over the period 2010–2021.•We focus on the Human ...Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI).•Social public spending (health, education and social protection) reduces the loss of HDI caused by inequality.•Social public spending has an important redistributive impact with regards to human development outcomes related to life expectancy, years of schooling and income per capita.
In this article, we empirically analyse the impact of social public spending on human development distribution in a sample of 82 developed and developing countries over the period 2010–2021. Specifically, we focus on the impact of the three components of social spending (health, education and social protection) on the distribution of human development as measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and its dimensions (health, education, and income). Applying data panel analysis, our empirical evidence shows that the three components of social expenditure reduce the loss of HDI caused by inequality. Hence, public resources allocated towards social spending have an important redistributive impact with regards to human development outcomes related to life expectancy, years of schooling and income per capita.
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