As a root crop known for its substantial nitrogen requirements, carrot responds well to both organic and inorganic fertilizers that supply different amounts of nitrogen. This study aimed to assess ...the efficacy of various proportions of farmyard manure (FYM) and recommended dosages of chemical fertilizers (RDF) in carrot production to address the issues posed by their sole use. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used to plan the field study, which consisted of five treatments and five replications with different nitrogen rates and sources, viz., T1 (100% FYM), T2 (25% RDF+75% FYM), T3 (50% RDF+50% FYM), T4 (75% RDF+25% FYM), and T5 (100% RDF) during December 2019 to April 2020 in the tropical region of Sindhuli, Nepal. Among the treatments, T3 exhibited the earliest germination (7.60 DAS) and the most desirable plant height (42.61 cm), root length (20.41 cm), root diameter (3.01 cm), fresh root weight plant-1 (96.04 g), total root dry matter content (15.01%), root biomass plant-1 (55.44 g), and total biomass plant-1 (85.33 g) at harvest. However, T5 resulted in the highest leaf count plant-1 (8.6) and fresh foliage weight plant-1 (42.96 g) at harvest. Similarly, T3 was significantly higher for quality parameters, such as cortex diameter (1.36 cm), pH (6.72), TSS (12.48 0Brix), TA (0.22 g liter-1), and organoleptic score (7.60). Although there were minimal root disorders in T3 (17%), T1 also had insignificant cases of cracking (8%) and postharvest weight loss (1.63%). Thus, reducing nitrogen input from the recommended dose and adding FYM improves carrot yield, quality, and shelf life. Furthermore, this guarantees higher economic returns with a B:C ratio of 1.65. Despite these positive results, the efficacy of the tested nutrient combinations needs to be analyzed on a larger scale, as well as in different ecological regions. Fundam Appl Agric 2023; 8(4.000): 717-729
•Heat stress in plants causes several morphological, physiological and molecular changes affecting growth and yield attributes.•Seed priming is an eco-friendly technology to induce uniform and rapid ...emergence of seed that leads to better stand establishment and improvement in yield, under both optimal and adverse environments.•Nitrate priming of seeds improves seed germination, crop growth, nitrogen metabolism and increases nitrate reductase activity, enabling reversal of heat stress induced responses in plants, maintaining the yield potential of the plants.
Exhaustion of natural sources due to expanding usage leads to an increase in global temperature. Heat stress and rising CO2 severely impact crop growth and catastrophic loss of agriculture ecosystem, productivity and quality. The physiological and metabolic processes of plants are affected by heat stress due to denatured proteins, lipid structure, alteration in membrane integrity and inactivation of enzymes incurred at various growth stages. To diminish heat stress losses in plants, many techniques such as conventional breeding, genetic engineering, molecular breeding were used by the agriculturists, which helped develop tolerant varieties of crops with increased quality and production. Recent advancement in seed priming has many fold impacts such as mitigation of stress via improving tolerance mechanisms in plants, reduction in soil and water pollution, improved production and food quality of important agriculture crops. It is one of the low-cost, reliable and profitable crop improvement techniques. Nitrates have several roles in modulating the plant processes. Priming with nitrate salts improves nitrate reductase and amylase activity, nitrogen, amino acid and chlorophyll content in leaves, causes increase in proline, sugar content, antioxidant metabolism, grain yield, protein and nutrient content in various crops. Despite positive responses of nitrate seed priming, this technology has been less applied in the area of crop production in the field condition. Considering these facts, this review depicts responses of the plants under heat stress and their management through nitrate seed priming.
An assortment consisting of 10 wheat, 8 triticale and 7 barley varieties were cultivated for three years (2010, 2016 and 2017) in two systems of culture: ecological and conventional on the Simnic ...luvosoil. The quality of yield seen from the perspective of the protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains were studied from the interactions: species x culture system and variety x culture system. The aim is to promote the species and varieties that are distinguished from the point of view of the quality of the production obtained under the conditions of cultivation in an ecological system, a system that ensures the quality of life by the fact that the yield does not use pesticides and chemical fertilizers. All the varieties experienced in all three species recorded diminished yields, statistically assured under ecological conditions in relation to those sown under conventional crop conditions. In terms of quality, only triticale varieties Titan and Oda obtained at all three quality indices (protein content, test weight and the weight of 1000 grains) simultaneously, values is in the ecological system at the level obtained in the conventional system. From the point of view of the quality of the obtained yield, it was shown that the wheat and triticale did not differentiate between ecological and conventional while the barley showed significant decreases in protein content and weight of 1000 grains under the same reported conditions.
Precision irrigation in grapevines could be achieved using physiologically based irrigation scheduling methods. This paper describes an investigation on the effects of three midday stem water ...potential (midday
Ψ
S) thresholds, imposed from post-setting, over water use, vegetative growth, grape quality and yield of grapevines cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. An experiment was carried out on a vineyard located at the Isla de Maipo, Metropolitana Region, Chile, throughout the 2002/03, 2003/04 and 2004/05 growing seasons. Irrigation treatments consisted in reaching the following midday
Ψ
S thresholds: −0.8 to −0.95
MPa (T1); −1.0 to −1.2
MPa (T2) and −1.25 to −1.4
MPa (T3) from post-setting to harvest. Results showed significant differences in grape quality components among treatments and seasons studied. In average, T3 produced smallest berry diameter (6% reduction compared to T1), high skin to pulp ratio (13% increment compared to T1) and significant increments in soluble solids and anthocyanins. Improvements in grape quality attributes were attributed to mild grapevine water stress due to significant reductions in water application (46% for T2 and 89% for T3 less in average, both compared to T1). This study found significant correlations between midday
Ψ
S and berry quality components, no detrimental effects on yield by treatments were found in this study. This research proposes a suitable physiological index and thresholds to manage RDI and irrigation scheduling on grapevines to achieve high quality grapes on mild water stress conditions.
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