Water-saving irrigation is an important way to realize the sustainable development of the apple industry. In order to screen the best irrigation pattern for apple, taking 9-year-old ‘Yanfu 10’ Fuji / ...Malus robusta apple as the material, the effects of different irrigation methods (drip irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, and flood irrigation) on the growth, fruit quality, and yield of apple trees were studied. The results showed that compared with the flood irrigation, drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation significantly increased the spring shoot length by 14.8% and 9.1%, respectively, and decreased the autumn shoot length by 11.7% and 8.8%, respectively. Drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation significantly increased the leaf area, chlorophyll content, and leaf weight, the leaf area increased by 3.0% and 1.9%, respectively, the chlorophyll content increased by 13.9% and 11.5%, respectively, and the leaf weight increased by 5.8% and 5.1%, respectively. Drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation could slightly increase the single fruit weight and fruit shape index, significantly increase the coloring index and smoothness index. The single fruit weight increased by 3.2% and 1.9%, the coloring index increased by 6.1% and 4.1%, the smoothness index increased by 4.7% and 2.8%, and the proportion of red fruit increased by 4.2% and 2.2%, respectively. The content of soluble solids in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was significantly higher than that in flood irrigation, which was 13.0% and 2.6% higher than CK, respectively. The fruit hardness in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was 7.9% and 2.2% higher than CK, respectively, and that in drip irrigation increased significantly. The yield in drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation was 12.1% and 8.2% higher than CK, respectively. In conclusion, drip irrigation and sprinkling irrigation could promote the growth of apple trees, improve the fruit quality, and increase the yield of apple trees, and the effect of drip irrigation is better than sprinkling irrigation.
The challenge of quantitative reliability Blanks, Henry S.
Quality and reliability engineering international,
May/June 1998, Letnik:
14, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Bowon (Arachis Hypogaea L.) was developed at the National Crop Experiment Station (NCES) in Suwon during the period from 1991 to 2001 through the cross between a short stem with a few vegetative ...branches line SP8603 (Chibahandachi /Daekwangtangkong) and a large seeded with disease resistance variety Daewontangkong. This variety is belong to a Spanish type and complete erect type with a few branches, short stems and the habit of pod set clustered near the base of plant, which are more adaptable for dense planting and mechanized farming, and early maturing variety. Each pod contains two kernels with fleshy testa color and average weight of 100 kernels was 98 g, which was 19 g higher than that of check variety Daekwangtangkong. This variety showed higher degree in the lodging resistance and disease resistance against early and late leaf spot, and web blotch than those of check variety. This variety was found to be significantly higher in kernel yield per hectare by 17% over check variety and showing high yield stability from different year and location.
A set of 20 accessions of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L., durum group), which mostly included exotic landraces from various Mediterranean countries, and four Italian improved varieties were ...evaluated for grain yield in five environments and for quality traits in two environments of Sicily. Glutenin composition was also assessed electro‐phoretically on six seeds per entry. The cultivars differed (P ≤ 0.01) for yield, protein content and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS‐sed) sedimentation volume, in the presence of significant (P ≥ 0.001) genotype‐environment interaction effects. These effects were large for yield and moderately large for protein content relative to genotype main effects following estimation of variance components. Most exotic cultivars yielded comparably with, and some of them showed greater stability than, the best yielding Italian variety 'Simeto. Some exotic cultivars combined outstanding yield, protein content and SDS‐sedimentation values and represent therefore extremely valuable germplasm sources to broaden the local genetic base. The glutenin composition LMW‐2 and HMW 7 + 8 was positively associated with gluten quality. Six entries showed heterogeneous electrophoretic patterns, suggesting the presence of different genotypes within the cultivar.
This article presents a design-for-test methodology for embedded memories. The methodology relies on a fully random fault model of post-fabrication errors, which results in a low-overhead test ...strategy. The methodology's effectiveness is demonstrated on an embedded system with faulty memories.
Unraveling the intricate physiological and biochemical intricacies associated with female dominance in grape berries across diverse developmental stages is imperative for optimizing grape production ...and ensuring the attainment of high-quality yields. This study conducted a thorough analysis of grape berries across phenological stages (BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-89) and cultivars. At BBCH-89, Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki demonstrated the highest berry weight and total soluble solids (TSS) levels, emphasizing its enological potential. Acidity peaked at BBCH-79 (28.16) and declined at BBCH-89 (6.11), signaling a shift towards lower acidity in later stages. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently showed the highest maturity index (MI). Mineral content variations were observed across nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often having the highest concentrations, particularly in potassium, calcium, and boron. Hormonal analysis revealed a significant surge in concentrations at BBCH-89, with Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki standing out. Notably, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations increased by 106%, and abscisic acid (ABA) levels peaked at BBCH-79 with a 38% increase in Bozcaada Çavuşu*Kuntra. Sugar content analysis showed variations in fructose, glucose, sucrose, rhamnose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose levels across sampling times and cultivars. Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki consistently exhibited higher sugar levels, especially at BBCH-81 and BBCH-89. Vitamin concentrations varied temporally and among cultivars, with BBCH-89 displaying the highest vitamin A concentration (6.24 mg/100 g FW), and Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki often exhibiting maximum values for vitamin B1, B2, B6, and C. Further research and targeted cultivation practices focusing on the unique attributes of Bozcaada Çavuşu*Vasilâki could enhance grape production efficiency, emphasizing its potential contribution to achieving consistently high-quality yields across various phenological stages.
