It is aimed to determine the availability of local and geographical indication registered food and beverage products in the menus of food and beverage businesses operating in İzmir. Based on the fact ...that local products are subject to geographical marking, an evaluation was made with the participants in the destination through the menus. The research is based on the qualitative research approach. In the research, in-depth interview method was applied by using semistructured interview form. The population of the research consists of 19 participants residing inİzmir metropolis and coastal districts that are prominent in tourism. The research sample consists of especially food and beverage businesses operating within the borders of İzmir, İzmir Chamber of Commerce manager, İzmir Metropolitan Municipality manager, association manager on gastronomy, academicians in the field of food and beverage, chefs, hotel managers and travel agency owners. As a result of the research, it has been concluded that in the central districts ofİzmir, local or geographically indicated foods and beverages are few in the menus and they are aware of by the participants, but they are given more place in the menus of the businesses operating in the districts of Urla, Seferihisar, Çeşme, Karaburun and Foça districts.
Pre-classical period of Trabzon region has been undervalued in Anatolian Archaeology to date. Although Trabzon is one of the most important settlements on the Black Sea shore, concrete archaeological ...material dated to pre-classical period has not been recorded. This is also the case for the data about the region in ancient written sources. The local people who were referred in these sources had rather primitive life styles when compared to their contemporaneous populations, in fact, it is obvious that this is the case for the Roman period. However, Trabzon Survey Project started in 2018 has begun to change the picture of the region's remote past. The third season of the survey has been run in Maçka, Akçaabat, Düzköy, Tonya, Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı which together compose the west half of the region. In these 20 days long season in September 2021 detection of a new cave with the lithic assemblage emphasized the increasing importance of this region in Paleolithic period. Additionally, to the north of Eastern Black Sea mountains, with re-evaluation of Kalecik Castle which was detected in 2019 for the first time, more data has been obtained related to north-east Anatolia and Caucasia in the Early Iron Age. It is evident that continuation of this survey project will contribute to the chronological perspective of the Eastern Black Sea region in Turkey.
This article analyzes current theoretical discourses within the Neolithic and Chalcolithic research of Southwestern Asia, which is still dominated by interpretations that assume a progression of ...increased hierarchization. Whether explicitly or implicitly, social evolutionary thinking still pervades our scholarship, and prevents innovative theory-building. This entails an inability to break with heuristics of ‘origins’ inherited from the past (e.g. “from the origins of domestication to the origins of civilization”), even though old and new discoveries, when integrated, are already pointing towards alternative research pathways. Sedentism, domestication, and urbanism were all complex, protracted, non-linear processes. Yet, the visualization of an ‘Uruk phenomenon’ expanding over large areas of Mesopotamia during the 4th millennium BC, ridden with problematic inconsistencies, still heralds the triumphal rise of civilization. Instead of relying on obsolete political and economic theories, or fake economy/ritual dichotomies, the investigation of social intelligence and the articulation of the biosocial in the landscape and within the prehistoric community should be a priority. The ‘agency’ of ‘elites’ is merely an interpretive deusex machina helping scholars deal with the many difficulties and uncertainties of their research.
In this research, the destination competitiveness performances of these countries were measured by MAIRCA and MARCOS methods over the values of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ...components of 19 Mediterranean basin countries for 2019. According to the findings, it was observed that Spain, France, Italy and Portugal were among the top four countries with the highest destination competitiveness performance, while Tunisia, Lebanon, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Algeria were among the last four countries within the scope of both methods.In addition, it has been determined that the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries within the scope of TTCI are more positively related to the destination competitiveness performance values of the countries determined by the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method. Therefore, according to this result, it was concluded that TTCI can be better explained with the MARCOS method compared to the MAIRCA method.
This paper contains the analysis of regional innovation performance in the NUTS 2 regions of Romania, based on the European Innovation Scoreboard evaluation for 2011 and 2019, and the identification ...of the most significant influencing factors of county-level R&D activity, for the 1997–2018 period. The Regional Innovation Index (RII) provides a profound characterization for Romanian regions regarding their innovation performance, which was studied using the GIS (Geographic Information System) methodology in relation with the regional R&D activity, GDP per capita, and entrepreneurship innovation. In the following, the Romanian R&D activity is analysed at the county level. The influencing factors of R&D expenditures and employment in Romanian counties were studied based on two panel regression models and using exogenous variables, for economic development, entrepreneurship, education, and infrastructure.
Politics, as a human social activity, is strongly embedded in space. Contemporary researchers very often take up in their analyses the issue of competition for space and the role played by ..."geographical knowledge" in the processes of "production" and appropriation of space in the name of particular interests of a given community or state. It is one of the key research problems that have contributed to the revival of interest in the issues of political competition for space, the appropriation of places and the shaping of their landscape and symbolic representation. Categories such as Mitteleuropa, or the Intermarium, are socio-political (metageographical) constructs that have been used in the construction of a particular vision of the world and in processes of political competition for dominance.
Globally, hydrological droughts are most commonly identified based on various indices calculated from water flow values. However, the water flow rate is calculated from a flow rate curve that needs ...to be updated constantly, so it takes a long time to resolve its true value. For this reason, the possibility of identifying a hydrological drought on the basis of hourly and prompt treated water levels seems much more attractive. 8 water gauging stations (WGS) operating along 7 important rivers and covering the hydrological areas of visas in the Lithuanian region were selected for the study. In this study, a modified SPI function of the R programming language SPEI package (traditionally used to calculate the standardized precipitation index, SPI) was applied for the streamflow drought index (SDI) calculations. Given how it was applied to the SDI calculation, just like the baseline data, this was the ten-day mean water flow and then the water level. The suitability of water level data for SDI calculations was assessed by analyzing the relationships between SWLI (Standartized Water Level Index) calculated from water level data and SDI calculated from water flow information. SWLI and SDI in all 8 WGS are closely interconnected. It was found that the possibility of recurrence of droughts of different severity identified by both methods is significantly influenced by the profile of the river bed in a specific section. In areas where riverbanks have steeper slopes, the SWLI and SDI similarly describes the water situation and the recurrence of droughts. It is believed that a modified SDI methodology (SWLI), which is based on water level data, may become a good alternative in our country for identifying hydrological droughts.
The aim of the paper has been to assess the transport system of the commune (Polish: gmina) of Konopiska (Śląskie voivodeship, southern Poland). As the area which has been analysed is located in the ...metropolitan area of the city ofCzęstochowa increasing suburbanization processes can be observed there. They result in constant increase in the number ofinhabitants of the commune which is a challenge for its transport system. That is why the road network and public transportsystem in particular should be modernised and developed. Apart from the main line from Konopiska village to the city ofCzęstochowa the existing bus network is not well developed and does not provide an attractive alternative to private car. Thesolutions suggested by the authors of the present article include the development of the bus system with lines also connectingperiphery villages and bus stop modification in order to increase the accessibility to public transport. Another proposalis a new bus line to the nearest railway station.
Cruise tourism is growing in popularity. Currently, the Mediterranean Region stands as the second most visited destination by cruise lines, following the Caribbean. However, the Black Sea has lots to ...offer in terms of potential as well. Six countries border along it, and all have ports that visited by cruise ships. Türkiye has 25 such ports – the city-provinces of Trabzon, Sinop, Samsun, and Bartın being particularly popular. This paper aims to delve deeper into this particular topic, and offer ideas about where and how Türkiye could improve. for the improvement of the current potential. We’ve used both quantitative and qualitative data based on field research that involved travel and observation in Trabzon and Samsun. We also conducted a literature as well to access national and international statistics. Our findings show us that Türkiye’s Black Sea offer sufficient potential for cruise tourism, but international issues (e.g. the Russia-Ukraine crisis) as well as domestic issues (e.g. terror acts or infrastructural inadequacies) prevent that potential from being tapped. Hence, we feel that effort needs to be made in order to render the Black Sea safe for cruise lines. Other improvements that ought to be made concern the urban qualities, technical, and operational infrastructure required for cruise tourism in and around ports. The same goes for advertising and branding as well in order to cruise to the region.
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