Objective
To investigate the quality of intimate relationships of bisexual, gay, lesbian, and heterosexual individuals in Australia and the United Kingdom.
Background
There is a shortage of research ...on the relationship quality of nonheterosexual individuals, and the majority of the available evidence comes from the United States. We add to existing knowledge by considering bisexual individuals; examining mixed‐orientation couples; and using recent, large, and nationally representative cross‐national data.
Method
Data from 25,348 individuals in the United Kingdom (Understanding Society study) and 9,206 individuals in Australia (Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey) were used to estimate regression models predicting relationship quality while adjusting for confounds.
Results
Relationship quality in same‐sex couples was as high as in heterosexual couples in the United Kingdom, and higher in Australia. The lowest relationship quality in both countries was reported by bisexual individuals.
Conclusion
Our results provide robust evidence to combat deep‐rooted and erroneous social perceptions of same‐sex relationships being conflictual, unhappy, and dysfunctional.
Implications
Our findings support policies that seek to legalize same‐sex marriage and parenting rights. They also highlight the need to give further attention to bisexual individuals as a distinct group because their outcomes are comparatively poor.
Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) are novel tools in toxicology and human risk assessment with broad potential. AOPs are designed to provide a clear-cut mechanistic representation of critical ...toxicological effects that span over different layers of biological organization. AOPs share a common structure consisting of a molecular initiating event, a series of intermediate steps and key events, and an adverse outcome. Development of AOPs ideally complies with OECD guidelines. This also holds true for AOP evaluation, which includes consideration of the Bradford Hill criteria for weight-of-evidence assessment and meeting a set of key questions defined by the OECD. Elaborate AOP frameworks have yet been proposed for chemical-induced skin sensitization, cholestasis, liver fibrosis and liver steatosis. These newly postulated AOPs can serve a number of ubiquitous purposes, including the establishment of (quantitative) structure–activity relationships, the development of novel in vitro toxicity screening tests and the elaboration of prioritization strategies.
Background
The current research investigated the association between teacher–student relationship (both teacher‐perceived and student‐perceived relationship quality) and students’ prosocial ...behaviours, as well as the mediating roles of students’ attitudes towards school and perceived academic competence in this association.
Sample
Four hundred and fifty‐nine Italian primary students (aged 4–9, Mage = 7.05, SDage = 1.37) and 47 teachers (aged 26–60, Mage = 48.35, SDage = 8.13) participated and finished all the questionnaires and scales.
Methods
Multiple regression analyses and bootstrapping analyses were employed to test the direct and the mediating effects between the teacher/student‐perceived relationship and students’ prosocial behaviours.
Results
Results indicated that (1) teacher–student relationship was positively associated with students’ prosocial behaviour; and (2) students’ attitudes towards school could significantly mediate the association between teacher/student‐perceived relationship and students’ prosocial behaviours.
Conclusions
Our understanding of how teacher–student relationship helps to enhance students’ prosocial behaviours, as well as the intervention programmes that aim to enhance students’ prosocial behaviours, may benefit from these findings.
This review used 4 types of longitudinal models (descriptive models, prediction models, developmental sequence models and longitudinal mediation models) to identify regular patterns of psychosocial ...development in adolescence. Eight patterns of adolescent development were observed across countries: (1) adolescent maturation in multiple developmental domains; (2) heterogeneous continuity of personal relationships; (3) good goes together with good, and bad with bad, across time in adolescence; (4) parents transmit values and behaviors to their adolescent children over time; (5) adolescent psychopathology leads to erosion of personal relationships with parents and peers; (6) adolescent psychopathology prevents adolescent independence from parents; (7) parental interference in personal issues of adolescents has counterproductive effects over time; (8) mood variability and (social and personal) uncertainty are mechanisms that maintain psychopathology in adolescence. Principles of life span developmental psychology are used to discuss adolescent maturation, and a developmental contextual perspective is used to discuss links between the various developmental patterns. Strengths and limitations of the various longitudinal models, and links between longitudinal and experimental research are discussed.
Due to the widespread use of smartphones, romantic couples can connect with their partners from virtually anywhere, at any time. Remote communication may be particularly important to long-distance ...relationships (LDRs), compared to geographically close relationships (GCRs). The goals of the current research were to examine differences between LDRs and GCRs in (1) the patterns of remote communication (video calls, voice calls, and texting), and (2) how frequency and responsiveness of remote communication are related to relationship satisfaction. Data were drawn from an online survey of emerging adults (n = 647) who were in a relationship or dating someone (36.5% were in an LDR). Participants in LDRs engaged in more frequent video calling, voice calling and texting, compared to those in GCRs. Long-distance relationship participants also perceived their partners to be more responsive during video and voice calls, compared to GCR participants. More frequent and responsive texting predicted significantly greater relationship satisfaction among participants in LDRs, but not GCRs. Meanwhile, frequency of voice calls was associated with greater relationship satisfaction in GCRs, but not in LDRs. The use of video calls was not significantly related to relationship satisfaction in either group. Overall, study findings add to a growing literature on remote communication in romantic couples and suggest a uniquely positive role of texting within LDRs. Further research is needed to examine the ways in which LDR and GCR couples can best capitalize on different forms of remote technology to maintain their relationships during periods of separation.
Later‐life families encompass the legal, biological, romantic, and kin‐like relationships of persons ages 65 and older. Research on older families has flourished over the past decade, as population ...aging has intensified concerns regarding the capacities of families to care for older adults and the adequacy of public pension systems to provide an acceptable standard of living. Shifting patterns of family formation over the past half‐century have created a context in which contemporary older adults' family lives differ markedly from earlier generations. Decreasing numbers of adults are growing old with their first and only spouse, with rising numbers divorcing, remarrying, forming non‐marital romantic partnerships, or living single by choice. Remarriage and the formation of stepfamilies pose challenges and opportunities as older adults negotiate complex decisions such as inheritance and caregiving. Family relationships are consequential for older adults' well‐being, operating through both biological and psychosocial mechanisms. We synthesize research from the past decade, revealing how innovations in data and methods have refined our understanding of late‐life families against a backdrop of demographic change. We show how contemporary research refines classic theoretical frameworks and tests emerging conceptual models. We organize the article around two main types of family relationships: (1) marriage and romantic partnerships and (2) intergenerational relationships. We discuss how family caregiving occurs within these relationships, and offer three promising avenues for future research: ethnic minority and immigrant families; older adults without close kin (“elder orphans”); and the potentials of rapidly evolving technologies for intergenerational relationships and caregiving.
The carbonic anhydrases enzymes (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are zinc containing metalloproteins, which efficiently catalyse the reversible conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and release proton. These ...enzymes are essentially important for biological system and play several important physiological and patho-physiological functions. There are 16 different alpha-carbonic anhydrase isoforms studied, differing widely in their cellular localization and biophysical properties. The catalytic domains of all CAs possess a conserved tertiary structure fold, with predominately β-strands. We performed an extensive analysis of all 16 mammalian CAs for its structure and function in order to establish a structure–function relationship. CAs have been a potential therapeutic target for many diseases. Sulfonamides are considered as a strong and specific inhibitor of CA, and are being used as diuretics, anti-glaucoma, anti-epileptic, anti-ulcer agents. Currently CA inhibitors are widely used as a drug for the treatment of neurological disorders, anti-glaucoma drugs, anti-cancer, or anti-obesity agents. Here we tried to emphasize how CAs can be used for drug discovery, design and screening. Furthermore, we discussed the role of CA in carbon capture, carbon sensor and metabolon. We hope this review provide many useful information on structure, function, mechanism, and applications of CAs in various discipline.
The current study investigated peer relationship and school climate factors associated with adolescent mental health. Cross-sectional data from 2,571 fifteen-year old students in 22 Scottish ...secondary schools was used. Multilevel models tested for school differences in mental health, and nested linear regression models estimated peer and school effects. Results demonstrated no significant between-school variation in mental health. Peer victimization was the only peer effect associated with mental health. School-belonging, student-teacher relationships, and a perceived inclusive school climate were associated with better mental health, whereas a perceived school climate of exam pressure was associated with worse mental health. The findings highlight multiple aspects of school climate that could be targeted in school-based interventions for adolescent mental health.
Predicting the effects of organic compounds on environments and biological systems is an important objective for environmental chemistry and human health. The logarithm (to base 10) of the ...n-octanoll–water partition coefficient has been widely used to predict the mentioned properties. However, the suitability of this parameter for the purpose has been questioned, since the environments relating to the properties may be quite different from that of bulk n-octanol. In this study, we used a theoretical derivation approach to develop a model for predicting the partition coefficients of solutes between water and an organic solvent that may be similar to n-octanol or quite different from it. Our model relies on solute descriptors that can be calculated based on solute structures. It was used to predict the n-octanoll–water, hexadecanel–water and chloroforml–water partition coefficients of solutes. The calculated values of the examined parameters agreed well with their experimental counterparts. The model can find application in the accurate prediction of the effects of organic compounds on environments and the physicochemical properties of organic compounds by a full in-silico approach and can provide useful guidance for improving some properties of organic compounds.
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•A model is developed for accurately predicting organic solvent-water partition coefficients.•The solute descriptors used in the model are calculated from the structures of the solutes.•This model has potential applications in predicting the properties of organic compounds by a full in silico approach.•This model has potential applications in predicting the effects of organic compounds n environment and human health.•This study can provide useful guidance for improving some properties of organic compounds.
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