This Special Issue on ‘Sustainability and Visitor Management in Tourist Historic Cities’ explores new trends and methods that contribute to sustainable practices for tourism planning and management ...in historic cities. Thanks to the differentiated approaches adopted by the authors, the Special Issue reflects on the environmental, physical, cultural, and social effects that tourism activity provokes in tourist historic cities. Considering the present debate on tourism in historic cities, there is a special focus on resident perceptions and the social problems and conflicts associated with various tourist activities that have emerged in recent years. New methodologies and sources to measure tourism impacts are also addressed in this book, especially the use of big data technology, another relevant topic. Papers include one literature review and six case studies in the historic cities of Seville and Toledo (Spain), Venice and Matera (Italy), and Porto (Portugal) and Popayán (Colombia). This Special Issue provides practical tools and policy recommendations to measure tourism impacts and promote sustainable management in tourist historic cities.
Even though empowerment is a frequently mentioned keyword in resident attitude studies, the relationship network of this concept is rather vague. It is critical to understand the factors that ...influence empowerment, and factors that empowerment influences in return. Therefore, the current study modeled residents’ data from the top tourism destination in the United States—Orlando, Florida. Data from 415 residents were analyzed using partial least squares–structural equation modeling on SmartPLS to test the effects of residents’ involvement and economic benefits from tourism on their psychological, social and political empowerment, and thus the quality of life, and ultimately, place attachment. Findings revealed that psychological empowerment is the most significant dimension of resident empowerment influencing both place dependence and place identity, suggesting that residents hold special values for their place. Managerial and theoretical implications, along with limitations (in light of the project occurring pre-COVID-19) and future research opportunities are discussed.
Empowering local residents is important for the sustainability of tourist destinations. This study assessed the reactions of residents in tourist destinations towards tourism during and after the ...COVID-19 pandemic. Models were constructed using variables of place attachment, distinctiveness, positive impact, negative impact, and attitude towards supporting tourism; the effects of COVID-19 were also included. The results demonstrate that residents understand that tourism is important for their region and wish to support it. A dilemma arose for respondents between accepting tourists to aid the recovery of the economy and personal fears that interacting with tourists would raise their possibility of infection. As implications for tourist destination managers, such as governments and destination management organizations, local residents' concerns must be understood and managed accordingly. The destination managers should consider how to accept tourists during and after the pandemic with residents, and empower residents in this process. Communication with residents during the COVID-19 pandemic is important as this might affect their attitude towards tourism after the pandemic.
There is limited empirical research on the role played by residents’ feelings toward tourists in influencing residents’ emotional well-being and attitude about tourism. The major objective of this ...study is to propose a theoretical model integrating emotional solidarity, emotional well-being, and residents’ attitude. In order to test the proposed model, a survey of residents in China was undertaken. Structural relational and mediation analyses were applied to assess the relationships involving residents’ emotional solidarity with tourists, emotional well-being, and residents’ attitude. The construct of emotional solidarity had three dimensions in the study: welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding, and emotional closeness. Results indicate that welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding, and emotional closeness directly influence residents’ attitude and emotional well-being. Additionally, the relationships involving residents’ welcoming nature, sympathetic understanding and emotional closeness with tourists, and attitude were mediated by emotional well-being. Theoretical and practical implications as well as future research opportunities are provided.
Background: High level of stress experienced by residents is one of the important factors of the reduction in their efficiency and the increase in their error rate and poor clinical ...performance.Objectives: The present study was conducted to review, identify and categorize the most important stressors of residents.Methods: In this narrative review study, English articles were reviewed by electronic search of Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus and Google Scholar search engine over the last 10 years (2013-2022).Results: Based on the data, 89 stressors were extracted from 12 articles, and then divided into six categories of "stressors related to care and treatment, stressors related to interpersonal and intrapersonal communication, social stressors, stressors related to course management and planning, stressors related to teaching and learning and stressors related to residents' drive and desires".Conclusion: The identification and categorization of stressors in the present study made it possible that the planners and practitioners of residency courses can design and implement effective solutions to reduce the negative impacts of residents' stressors and, as a result, provide better conditions for their learning and training during the course.
Previous studies have established traditional causes of communal conflicts. Conversely, this study established a link between democratic processes and communal conflicts in Nigeria. Through a ...three-component model focusing on various democratic processes, several democratic flaws were identified as root causes of communal conflicts. Specifically, we found a misalignment of democratic equity principles among warring communities, which surfaced because of differences in community hierarchies, structures, and personalities. A biased distribution of democratic dividends, unequal access to competent electoral staff, and extreme bias towards opposing communities in electoral/political institutions were observed. Moreover, some aggressive- frustrated residents were easily provoked because of a lack of confidence in democratic institutions and processes. It is therefore essential to focus on fairness in democratic processes to reduce tension in areas of communal conflict.
Introduction: Aspiration cytology has recently become the first-line of investigation during the initial assessment of any swelling. It is also an effective tool for the early diagnosis of ...malignancy. In this study, the feasibility of extending the benefits of this simple, cost-effective procedure to the community level has been assessed. Aim: In the present study, attempts were made to prove that most aspirations and subsequent interpretations of aspirated samples could be accomplished by Junior Residents (JRs) even in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bankura Sammilani Medical College (BSMC), West Bengal, India for a period of nine years (01/01/2014 to 31/12/2022). Conventional aspirations without guidance were included in the study group. The majority of aspirations were successfully conducted by JRs, and only 4.5% (823) of conventional aspirations needed the help and supervision of senior faculties. All adequate aspirations were then independently interpreted by two separate JRs, and the proportion of cases with similar and dissimilar interpretations was duly noted. Finally, all the smears were assessed by senior faculties and compared with the interpretations of JRs. Result: During this study period, a total of 19,743 aspirations were done of which 18,391 were conventional. JRs aspirated 17,568 (95.5%) of these cases. Data analysis revealed that JRs were successful in 16,570 (83.9%) of total aspirations and also correctly interpreted 13,381 (67.8%) of total cases. Conclusion: This study proved that one year of training could be sufficient to achieve a desirable level of competency in aspiration and interpretation of cytological samples. So, willing doctors with the necessary training could perform as Community Cytopathologists (CCPs) to extend the benefits of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) up to the block level, thus escalating the fight against malignancy
Background: In India, due to high rates of urbanization and economic improvement, there is a shift in disease spectrum from communicable to non-communicable diseases. In a study made by khan etal ...2015 at Bilapsur, Chhattisgarh prevalence of stroke was 67.6% due to infarct and 32.4 % had hemorrhage (ICH). The percentages of young stroke (< 45 yrs) were 12.5% (n=35). About 7.1% (n=20) and 5.3% (n=15) in males and females respectively. Thus, early detection will reduce the burden and cost of diseases in the family, community and on the nation. Objectives: A cross sectional study to find out risk factors for non- communicable diseases among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants. Results: The majority of subjects were between the ages of 30 and 40. Females constituted 55.3% of the subjects, while males accounted for 44.7%. Additionally, 45.6% of participants had completed primary schooling. Preobesity was observed in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females.84.7% of study subjects were not engaging in physical activity, 89.1% were consuming an unhealthy diet, 97.6% were using tobacco, and 94.5% were consuming alcohol, all of which contributed to a raised BMI. There is a significant association between tobacco and alcohol use with BMI, where p-values are 0.001 and 0.005, respectively, which is <0.005 and df is 01 for both. Conclusion: As per this study, Pre-obese were found in 58.8% of males and 51.7% of females Awareness regarding healthy behavioral pattern and healthy diet should be inculcated in population through various awareness activity like mass media camping and increase taxes on unhealthy food items.
Based on the Stimulus-Organism-Response framework, this research sought to examine tourists' environmental concern and destination identification as mediating variables between residents' ...environmentally responsible behaviour and tourists' green consumption in Chinese rural tourism. A total of 275 participants were recruited, and structural equation modelling was conducted to test hypotheses. Findings indicate residents' environmentally responsible behaviour has a positive relationship with tourists' green consumption; environmental concern and destination identification mediated this relationship. Moreover, tourists' destination identification was found to impact their environmental concerns significantly. The present study contributes to promoting the sustainable development of rural tourism.
Immigration and Welfare Support in Germany Schmidt-Catran, Alexander W.; Spies, Dennis C.
American sociological review,
04/2016, Letnik:
81, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In recent years, several international-comparative studies have analyzed the relationship between migration and native populations' decreasing support for redistributive policies. However, these ...studies use cross-sectional designs and aggregate the number of foreign-born residents at the national level. Both aspects are theoretically and methodologically problematic. We address these shortcomings by investigating cross-sectional as well as longitudinal effects in the case of Germany, using a combination of individual- and regional-level data for several time points from 1994 to 2010. Our results suggest that native-born populations become more reluctant to support welfare programs when the proportion of foreigners at the regional level increases. This effect is particularly strong in the initial phase of immigration, and it is further moderated by the economic context: the higher the unemployment rate, the more negative is the effect of foreigners on natives' attitude toward providing welfare.
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