Résumé : Le PEP-31 a été conçu afin d'évaluer les forces et difficultés spécifiques de chaque enfant autiste et dans 10 sous domaines développementaux. Aussi fournit-il des informations utiles au ...diagnostic et au degré de sévérité, toute chose qui densifie et complexifie ce test. Dans le présent article, il est question de proposer une version simplifiée et spécifiée du PEP-3 dans laquelle seule l'évaluation du domaine linguistique est prise en compte. L'objectif est de mettre à la disposition du clinicien un outil, lequel lui permet de dresser le profil linguistique de chaque patient et lui assurer, par voie de conséquence, une prise en charge orthophonique réussie.
Hydrogelled emulsions (HEs) produced with linseed oil and different levels of pea protein (PP) (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) were used to replace 50% of animal fat in burgers. The effect of this lipid ...reformulation on the nutritional, technological, oxidative, microbiological, and sensory quality of the burgers was evaluated during their refrigerated storage (4 °C for 12 days). The reformulated burgers displayed a reduction of >40% in fat and an increase of up to 10% in protein content. Lipid reformulation also increased the PUFA/SFA ratio and reduced the n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of the lipid fraction of the burgers. Including 5 and 10% of PP in the HEs made it possible to obtain burgers of high technological quality and with a sensory profile similar to full-fat products. PP was also efficient in reducing the increase in the lipid oxidation caused by the enrichment with n-3 PUFAs.
•Linseed oil and pea protein (PP) were gelled and used as a fat replacer in burgers.•Lipid reformulation conferred nutritional advantages to burgers.•PP increased the technological and oxidative quality of the burgers.•G5 and G10 samples displayed a sensory profile similar to full-fat burgers.
Restructuring policies in government agencies continue to be carried out in accordance with directives issued by the Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform, including restructuring ...Echelon positions at the Ministry of Religion, given the absence of related literature in the Ministry of Religion. It is necessary to do research on comparisons in the situation before simplification and further estimates, in this study the focus of the discussion is on the number of allowances for Echelon Unit I in the central office. The method used in this research is a literature study, with reliable data sources and analysis in the form of a comparative study which can later be used as the basis for implementing restructuring in general, especially in national budget planning at the Ministry of Religion. The results showed that there were several changes in income due to downsizing, including a decrease in the performance allowance received by Echelon III officials who were transferred to Associate Experts (Ahli Madya), while the difference in allowances between positions was not significant for Echelon IV officials who are transferred to the functional positions of Associate Expert (Ahli Madya) and Junior Expert. (Ahli Muda) increase in take home pay in terms of position allowance income. The subject of further discussion with this change is how it affects the performance of officials and their effectiveness in the bureaucracy.
The present article tackles the impact of the extension of buildings on the environment and living conditions in the space located south of Casablanca and north of Azemmour. It is a spatial framework ...that has undergone several functional changes starting from the French colonial period to the present day. These are transformations imposed by the geographical location of this space, given that it is close to the city and the metropolis of Casablanca, and has lived under its various influences over time. In this context, it is widely agreed that metropolisation involves the dispute over space, and territorial goods, including land in the first place. It is also admitted that the city overflows its traditional administrative limits and infiltrates the rural world, which it ends up annexing, but also by rewriting these rural fringes –which is done in both directions, from the urban to the rural and from the rural to the urban. This movement carries away resources from the soil and/or subsoil, which disappear or become scarce under the pressure of extractive activities (water, materials for construction, such as sand, soil, etc.) and land clearing, always pushing further or in the margins of economic activities (agriculture, livestock, forestry, crafts, etc.).This is the case of the metropolis of Casablanca with its crowns, including the study area. The latter went from a part surrounded by the Chyadma and Chtouka tribes to a space in Oulja specializing in the planting of vegetables to export them, then its agricultural role declined during the 90s of the last century due to the water crisis, soil salinity, and national and international competition for agricultural products. However, this space will experience a deviation at the beginning of the change of its function towards tourist accommodation in Oulja and secondary accommodation in the hinterland of Oulja with the growth of non-agricultural activities. Thus the bursting of the building allowed the birth and the evolution of the pockets of habitat located in the legality and the illegality and giving an aspect of degradation of the daily life of the inhabitants. In most cases, the construction of infrastructure and equipment does not follow construction. The examination of these different dynamics can shed light on the mechanisms of the evolution of the fabrics of the agglomerations: Bir Jdid, Sidi Ali Ben Hamdouch, Lemharza, and Chtouka, as well as the future of their overall configuration and durability.
CO2 conversion into high-value-added products is becoming increasingly attractive to find substitutes for fossil-based ones and tackle the environmental crisis. Herein, a noble, simple, reproducible, ...and scalable Cu2O-SnO2 photo-electrocatalyst was synthesized and characterized. Coupling cuprous oxide with tin oxide allowed for protecting unstable Cu+1 species from photo-corrosion. Evidence of the SnO2 stabilization role were found via chronoamperometry tests under chopped light and XPS analysis. An optimized catalytic ink was developed to prepare the photocathodes. The CO2 photo-electroreduction tests demonstrated a prevalent production of CO and formate with Faradaic efficiencies of 35.47 % and 19.58 %, respectively, and a good system stability. Sunlight illumination demonstrated to play a major role to hinder H2 evolution and promote ≥C1+ products formation.
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•A simple, reproducible and scalable Cu2O-SnO2 co-precipitation synthesis is reported.•Coupling Cu2O with SnO2 protected unstable Cu+1 species from photo-corrosion.•CO2 photo-electroreduction tests shown a prevalent production of CO and formate.•Sunlight played a major role in hindering H2 evolution and promoting C-products formation.
The enhancement of the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles with their decreasing size is often attributed to the increasing proportion of low‐coordinated surface sites. This correlation is based ...on the paradigmatic picture of working gold nanoparticles as perfect crystal forms having complete and static outer surface layers whatever their size. This picture is incomplete as catalysts can dynamically change their structure according to the reaction conditions and as such changes can be eventually size‐dependent. In this work, using aberration‐corrected environmental electron microscopy, size‐dependent crystal structure and morphological evolution in gold nanoparticles exposed to hydrogen at atmospheric pressure, with loss of the face‐centered cubic crystal structure of gold for particle size below 4 nm, are revealed for the first time. Theoretical calculations highlight the role of mobile gold atoms in the observed symmetry changes and particle reshaping in the critical size regime. An unprecedented stable surface molecular structure of hydrogenated gold decorating a highly distorted core is identified. By combining atomic scale in situ observations and modeling of nanoparticle structure under relevant reaction conditions, this work provides a fundamental understanding of the size‐dependent reactivity of gold nanoparticles with a precise picture of their surface at working conditions.
Atomic‐resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals size‐dependent structural transformations in supported gold nanoparticles upon exposure to hydrogen at atmospheric pressure. Molecular dynamics simulations highlight the role of mobile gold atoms in the evolution of particle crystal structure and morphology observed below 4 nm and unveil the unique atomic and electronic structures of hydrogenated gold nanoparticles in this critical size regime.
•The health system in Poland is strongly hospital-centred.•A reform project on hospital care centralization was presented in 2021.•The reform aimed at improving hospital service coordination and ...hospitals’ financial standing.•Due to political pressure, the reform was suspended in the second half of 2022.•A new restructuration and debt relief programme for public hospitals was announced.
The health system in Poland is characterized by oversized hospital infrastructure, with simultaneous deficits in the ambulatory and long-term care sectors. The main challenges of the hospital sector involve i.a. weak stewardship and fragmented governance with a concurrent problem of persistent hospital debts as well as huge workforce deficits. The objective of this paper is to present the government's 2021 plan for hospital care centralization. The reform project aimed i.a. at improving hospital service coordination by implementing a professional and centralized system for hospital sector supervision and effective restructuration processes. The proposed regulation project focused on three major issues: (1) adjusting the existing hospital network towards better concentration of specialized services; (2) launching an independent central agency responsible for monitoring public hospital financial standing as well as initiating and/or managing hospitals restructuration processes; and (3) introducing a formal certification of hospital managers competencies. The reform plans were developed in a relatively short time frame, with a top-down approach and strongly pushed towards the adoption in 2022. Many of the health system stakeholders were strongly opposed to the project which, in connection with new challenges faced by the health system in 2022 (the economic crisis) led the reform suspension. At the same time, a new restructuration and debt relief programme for public hospitals was announced.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease, that combines motor and non-motor disorders, and alters patients’ autonomy. Even if subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) ...induces undisputable motor improvement, a post-operative social maladjustment was described by some patients. Our aim was to describe pre-operative illness perceptions in parkinsonian patients, and to determine the possible impact of cognitive restructuration over them. We analyzed 27 parkinsonian patient’s candidates to DBS. The mean age was 59 ± 5.94 years, and mean disease duration was 9.89 ± 4.15 years. The patients had two pre-operative psychological interviews (DBS-45 days, DBS-25 days) and completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised (IPQ-R) before the first interview and at DBS-1 day. The CRTG group (
n
= 13) had cognitive restructuration during second interview, on dysfunctional cognitions about their perception of post-DBS life which emerged from the first interview. The PIG group (
n
= 14) benefited of two non-structured interviews. No significant differences were found between the visits (DBS–45 days, DBS–1 day) for IPQ-R dimensions, except for the perception of “personal control” over PD which appears significantly higher for CRTG than PIG group (
p
= .039) at DBS-1 day, whereas the scores were quite similar at DBS-45 days. Illness perceptions seem to be stable over time and mostly influenced by disease experience of PD. However, the perception of personal control over PD seemed to be modulated through cognitive restructuration, giving patients’ control back over disease. Before DBS, illness perceptions investigation and restructuration constitute an interesting point to work on, to enhance perceived benefits of neurosurgery.
Trial registration:
Clinical Research Program, N°IDRCB 2008-A00655-50, approved by the local ethics committee (CPP EST III, N° CPP: 08.07.03, first version date: 04/01/2008), registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov website (NCT02893449).
I denne artikkelen presenterer og diskuterer jeg manglende kjønnsperspektiver i det distriktspolitiske virkemidlet «regional omstilling», som er et program som kommuner kan søke på og iverksette. Ved ...hjelp av et konkret eksempel fra en deltakende kommune setter jeg søkelyset spesifikt på planleggingsprosessen av slike program og hvordan strenge krav til organisering og innhold ser ut til å bidra sterkt til å utelukke kjønnsperspektiver og likestilling. Dette står i sterk kontrast til idealene om balansert utvikling, og det å finne ut hvor kjønn «forsvinner», er tema for artikkelen.
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