DO LARGE MODERN RETAILERS PAY PREMIUM WAGES? CARDIFF-HICKS, BRIANNA; LAFONTAINE, FRANCINE; SHAW, KATHRYN
Industrial & labor relations review,
05/2015, Letnik:
68, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
With malls, franchise strips, and big-box retailers increasingly dotting the landscape, many are concerned that U.S. middle-class jobs in manufacturing are being replaced by minimum-wage jobs in ...retail. Retail jobs have spread, whereas manufacturing jobs have shrunk in number. The authors show that wage rates in the retail sector rise markedly with firm size and with establishment size. These increases are halved when they control for worker fixed effects, suggesting that better workers are sorted into larger firms. Also, higher-ability workers are promoted to the position of manager, which is associated with higher pay. The authors conclude that the growth in modern retail, characterized by larger chains of larger establishments with more levels of hierarchy, is raising wage rates relative to traditional mom-and-pop retail stores.
Airport terminals worldwide generate approximately 6 million tons of passenger waste annually. Increased awareness of climate change and global interventions for environmental sustainability requires ...a reassessment of airports’ current methods of waste management. This paper proposes a new design concept solution called circular airport retail waste management (CAWM) for airport terminal retail waste processing, which aims to reduce and ideally eliminate airport waste ending up in landfill or incineration. Given the need for novelty and challenging the status-quo, the double diamond design process was adopted as the research method. The research began by collating the current practices of retail waste processing in airports via a literature review and field observations. Secondly, a critical analysis of the current processes was conducted to identify the intervention points. Thirdly, a concept solution was developed based on the circular economy (CE) 9R framework. Finally, the CAWM concept was delivered to airport waste management personnel for review. CAWM offers a structured way of airport retail waste management practices, including the segregation of nonrecyclable and recyclable waste (i.e., different bin designs, color coding, harmonization of waste colors, improved instructions and signage, various bin locations, training, and installing more liquid disposal and donation stations). Airports can leverage CAWM for greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness regarding airport terminal waste processing, such that more waste can be diverted from incineration and landfill to recovery, which will subsequently help airports achieve net-zero targets. This research contributes to the extant CE literature, especially in the aviation industry context, where the academic discourse surrounding this subject and its peculiarities are limited.
Supply chain finance (SCF) is a set of financing processes and technology-based business that links supply chain members, in which innovative financial products and technologies, i.e., asset-backed ...securitization (ABS) and blockchain, have been widely adopted. We use a game-theoretic approach to study the operations strategy for SCF with ABS. More precisely, we explore the issue of centralization, that is, whether a retailer, as a core company in a decentralized supply chain system, should establish her own originated channel, and the impacts of the blockchain adoption on supply chain systems. We find that the core company should not establish her own originated channel when her main business is to sell high-cost products or when the marginal cost of blockchain implementation is sufficiently large. Besides, when the core company builds her own originated channel, the manufacturer should decrease the wholesale price, but the core company should increase the retail price under certain conditions. Interestingly, both the service rate and interest rate in the financing channel remain unchanged. In addition, we find that the impacts of the blockchain technology on the wholesale price, retail price, and discount of the fund depend on the production cost. However, both the service rate and interest rate always decline when the blockchain technology is introduced, because the market becomes more creditable. Moreover, in both decentralized and centralized systems, all supply chain members’ profits are increased if the marginal cost of the blockchain technology is sufficiently low.
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•Customer purchase journey phases affect information disclosure via perceived warmth.•Perceived warmth gradually increases over the customer purchase journey.•Perceived warmth ...mitigates consumers’ privacy concerns.•A field study in an online clothing store provides actual disclosure data.•We offer actionable levers on how retailers can leverage warmth perceptions.
Consumers show increasing levels of concern regarding disclosing information to companies, as retailers’ access to their personal information heightens their feelings of vulnerability. Although customers’ personal information is crucial for targeting actual and potential customers, the extant discussion regarding the determinants of customers’ willingness to disclose personal information is limited. Drawing upon social judgment theory, this study investigates how consumers experience different levels of perceived warmth, which alleviates privacy concerns and, in turn, affects their willingness to disclose personal information during different stages of the online customer purchase journey.
A mixed-method design combining a focus group (Study 1), an online experiment, a field study and a laboratory experiment (Studies 2, 3 and 4) provide a multifaceted representation of this phenomenon. The results show that compared to the prepurchase phase, asking for personal information at the end of the online customer purchase journey (i.e., purchase and postpurchase phases) leads to a higher perception of warmth and lower privacy concerns, thereby increasing customers’ disclosure of personal data. The findings are robust to consumers’ brand familiarity and other relevant sociodemographic variables. This research provides insightful theoretical and practical implications for retailers regarding how to enhance perceived warmth and improve customers’ willingness to disclose personal information.
The global retail industry has faced a doomsday scenario owing to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This has brought a change in shopping patterns. The unexpected disruption of supply chain ...management causes retailers to face a severe cashflow problem, resulting in a retail apocalypse of store closures. Retailers are figuring out how to quickly change consumers' shopping behavior. In such precarious scenario, omnichannel retailing is expected to address the upheaval task. While using omnichannel for shopping, consumers have certain issues on data privacy and security. Practitioners and academics have begun investigating the issues, with the PLS-SEM technique on data from 387 respondents. This study shows that breadth of choice, content consistency, and customization impact perceived benefits, whereas issues of data privacy and security impact risk. This study also shows that consumers will intend to shop on omnichannel if they believe the benefits are more than the risks.
We study how introducing private‐label brands (PLs) affects retail prices and profits, accounting for assortment adjustments of national brands (NBs). We employ an event‐study framework and scanner ...data on the US beef market. When a PL is added to the low‐priced market segment, we find that retail stores further differentiate NBs from the PL and remove same‐segment NBs. When a PL is added to the high‐priced segment, however, NB assortment changes are limited. PL introduction and PL‐driven NB assortment changes impose small price effects on NB, but strongly cannibalize NB demand and steer consumers toward PLs, likely increasing store profits.
Although the customer experience is a key factor in helping firms gain a competitive advantage, the knowledge regarding how to provide a superior customer experience in an omnichannel retailing ...environment remains limited. To fill this research gap, this study investigated and compared the effects of channel integration on cognitive and affective customer experiences. The findings suggest that integrated efforts encompassing promotion, product and price, and transaction information are more influential in enhancing the cognitive customer experience than the affective customer experience. Furthermore, integrated customer service has a weaker effect on the cognitive customer experience than on the affective customer experience. The results also indicate that integrated information access and order fulfillment do not differ significantly in their contributions to cognitive and affective customer experiences. These findings enhance the literature on the customer experience and channel integration. They also offer insightful implications for omnichannel retailers in terms of creating and managing the customer experience.
The economical and environmental benefits of product remanufacturing have been widely recognized in the literature and in practice. In this paper, we focus on the interaction between a manufacturers ...reverse channel choice to collect postconsumer goods and the strategic product pricing decisions in the forward channel when retailing is competitive. To this end, we model a direct product collection system, in which the manufacturer collects used products directly from the consumers (e.g., print and copy cartridges) and an indirect product collection system, in which the retailers act as product return points (e.g., single-use cameras, cellular phones). We first examine how the allocation of product collection to retailers impacts their strategic behavior in the product market, and we discuss the economic trade-offs the manufacturer faces while choosing an optimal reverse channel structure. When a direct collection system is used, channel profits are driven by the impact of scale of returns on collection effort, whereas in the indirect reverse channel, supply chain profits are driven by the competitive interaction between the retailers. Subsequently, we show that the buy-back payments transfered to the retailers for postconsumer goods provide a wholesale pricing flexibility that can be used to price discriminate between retailers of different profitability.
For the execution of many supply chain operations tasks, firms are increasingly engaging in crowdsourcing—the act of dynamically delegating work via digital channels to for‐hire individuals ...intermittently available in the marketplace (also called “the crowd”). The success of this practice hinges on the ability to efficiently attract workers who produce quality work from among the crowd. We draw on the foundations of Self‐Determination Theory and the heuristic‐systematic model to examine the ways that variations in messages presented to crowdsourced agents can serve as a mechanism to enhance participation and associated performance outcomes. Data from a field experiment involving a retail inventory audit task reveal that messages appealing to the crowd's consumer identity, as opposed to crowdsourcing platform identification or firm identification, generally lead to superior performance outcomes, particularly shorter reservation time, higher task quality approval, and post‐task satisfaction. However, these effects are contingent on the valence of the message frame and the nature of the task. These findings shed light on elements critical to the successful utilization of this new type of crowdsourced “employment” in supply chain and operations tasks and suggest the careful crafting of crowdsourced task messages as a low‐cost way for managers to improve task performance outcomes.
COVID‐19 continues to impose a series of unique challenges on the food retail and food service sectors in Canada. In May 2020, the expectation was that the public health crisis shutdowns of the ...restaurant sector would be temporary. Although we may still be in a much longer temporary than was originally envisaged, it is becoming clearer that permanent restructuring may also have happened. Grocery stores have solidified their changed realities through an increased focus on multiple channel retailing rather than a complete choice between either bricks and mortar or online. Increased costs, resulting from the pandemic, are continuing to filter through the food system and we have a growing problem with food security for some Canadians given that employment in January 2021 was found to be at its lowest level since August 2020. Unemployment moves directly with lockdowns that are varied across the country.
Résumé
Le COVID‐19 continue d'imposer une série de défis uniques aux secteurs de la vente au détail et des services alimentaires au Canada. En mai 2020, on s'attendait à ce que les fermetures par la santé publique du secteur de la restauration soient temporaires. Bien que nous soyons peut‐être encore dans une période temporaire beaucoup plus longue que ce qui était initialement prévu, il devient de plus en plus clair qu'une restructuration permanente peut également avoir eu lieu. Les épiceries ont fait face à leur nouvelle réalité en mettant davantage l'accent sur la vente au détail à canaux multiples plutôt que sur le choix d’être complètement soit brique et mortier ou en ligne. L'augmentation des coûts, résultant de la pandémie, continue de filtrer dans le système alimentaire et nous avons un problème croissant de sécurité alimentaire pour certains Canadiens étant donné que l'emploi en janvier 2021 était à son plus bas niveau depuis août 2020. Le chômage évolue directement avec les confinements qui varient d'un bout à l'autre du pays.
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