Magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, is ball-milled with Ti nano-particles. Such catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 releases more hydrogen than pristine Mg(BH4)2 does during isothermal dehydrogenation at 270, 280, and ...290 °C. The catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 also exhibits better dehydrogenation kinetics than the pristine Mg(BH4)2. Based on kinetics model fitting, the activation energy (Ea) of the catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 is calculated to be lower than pristine Mg(BH4)2. During partial dehydrogenation, the catalyzed Mg(BH4)2 releases 4.23 wt % (wt%) H2 for the second dehydrogenation at 270 °C, comparing to 4.05, and 3.75 wt% H2 at 280, and 290 °C. The reversibility of 4.23 wt% capacity is also one of the highest for Mg(BH4)2 dehydrogenation under mild conditions such as 270 °C as reported. 4 cycles of Mg(BH4)2 dehydrogenation are conducted at 270 °C. The capacities degrade during 4 cycles and tend to be stable at about 3.0 wt% for the last two cycles. By analyzing the hydrogen de/absorption products of the catalyzed sample, Mg(BH4)2 is found to be regenerated after rehydrogenation according to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Ti nano-particles can react with Mg(BH4)2 during ball-milling and de/rehydrogenation. The products include TiH1.924, TiB, and TiB2, which can improve the dehydrogenation properties of Mg(BH4)2 from a multiple aspect.
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•The kinetics of Ti–Mg(BH4)2 is enhanced during partial dehydrogenation.•The partial reversibility of Ti–Mg(BH4)2 is improved under mild conditions.•The catalytic mechanism of Ti on the kinetics and reversibility is investigated.
The purpose of this article is to review fibrosis staging systems, reversibility of fibrosis, histologic pattern of fibrosis regression, and recently proposed fibrosis staging systems that address ...the more nuanced fibrosis information needed clinically for management purposes. In most chronic liver diseases, the extent of liver fibrosis often drives patient outcomes. The evolving knowledge of the reversibility of fibrosis and the observed patterns of fibrosis seen in the setting of remodeling/regression can create staging difficulties, and problems in applying the existing “conventional” staging systems. The heterogeneity of liver fibrosis in congestive liver disease is an emerging problem in biopsies from patients with congestive heart failure. The fibrosis staging in these biopsies is of significant import as it is used to determine suitability of some congestive heart disease patients for heart transplantation alone, dual heart and liver transplantation, or be denied transplantation. Pathologist should be aware of these newly recognized concepts, the recently proposed staging systems that attempt to incorporate these new fibrosis patterns and be able to apply the knowledge in daily practice.
•The hepatic repair complex comprises histologic features of regression of cirrhosis.•Incorporation of fibrosis regression in staging e.g. Beijing system is needed.•Fibrosis heterogeneity in congestive liver disease impact biopsy reporting.
•A new Schiff-base probe Sal-cn was developed and used for the reversible detection Al3+ (which can reversibly react to Al3+for 3 times) with high selectivity and sensitivity.•There was a significant ...increase in fluorescence at 435 nm and absorbance at 369 nm and 320 nm of the probe Sal-cn with the addition of Al3+.•LOD values for Al3+ were determined to be 0.21 μM which is lower compared to the reported values.•The mechanism was carried out by Job's plot, HR-MS and DFT, and the endogenous of Al3+ in living cells was investigated.
Aluminium plays an important role in many areas, which has been shown to be associated with some serious diseases. According to the coordination of aluminium with N and O, we conducted probe Sal-cn for the detection of Al3+, the structure of Sal-cn was determined by HR-MS, NMR and IR. Sal-cn showed a good selective and sensitive response towards Al3+ via a fluorescence turn-on output. The detection limit was 0.21 μM. The mechanism was carried out by Job's plot, HR-MS and DFT and related to the coordination of aluminium. What's more, the reversibility showed that Sal-cn could be used for 3 times. Besides, Sal-cn was used for imaging of Al3+ in HEK293T cells.
A simple, selective and reliable probe was investigated for the reversible detection of Al3+ (which can reversibly respond to Al3+ for 3 times), allowing us to visualise and analyse Al3+ with a low detection limit (0.21 μM) in living cells. Display omitted
Understanding physiological and pathological processes in the brain requires tracking the reversible changes in chemical signals with long‐term stability. In their Research Article on page 14429, ...Yang Tian and co‐workers developed a new anti‐biofouling microfiber array to monitor in real time the reversible changes and quantify extracellular concentrations of Ca2+ together with neuron activity across many regions in the mammalian brain for 60 days. Based on this powerful new sensor, the significant influence of ROS on Ca2+ overload and neuron death was discovered during pathogenesis and the treatment of stroke.
•Porous carbon microspheres was used to load methylated polyethylenimide.•mPEI@NCMs can be used as a novel adsorbent for highly-efficient SO2 capture.•mPEI@NCMs showed efficient selection and ...reversible adsorption for SO2.
Solid-supported materials are extensively utilized for SO2 capture. Polytertiary amine compounds, which are abundant in tertiary amine groups, efficiently capture SO2. In this study, we propose the loading of methylated polyethylenimide (mPEI), which is rich in tertiary amine groups, into chitin-derived carbon microspheres (NCMs), which have a robust pore structure and large surface area. The produced adsorbent (mPEI@NCMs) showed good performance for capturing SO2. Further, the adsorption capacity of mPEI@NCMs for SO2 at 25 °C and 1 bar was 12.23–18.12 mmol/g, whereas at 25 °C and 0.01 bar, it was 4.58–6.96 mmol/g. The mPEI@NCMs sample showed good selectivity for adsorbing SO2 from mixtures containing N2 and CO2. Furthermore, mPEI@NCMs showed a good reversible adsorption capacity for SO2.
Magnesium-based materials are favored by researchers because of their high hydrogen storage capacity, but they cannot be put to daily use because of their more demanding reaction conditions. ...Recently, the method to improve the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2 by catalyst doping has been widely investigated. In this paper, Co3O4 catalysts were prepared by homogeneous precipitation method. It was demonstrated that the Co3O4 catalyst could effectively improve the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2. According to the experimental results, the dehydrogenation onset temperature of the MgH2+15 wt% Co3O4 composite was about 200 °C, which was about 130 °C lower than that of pure MgH2, and the amount of dehydrogenation was 6.26 wt%. The dehydrogenation activation energy of the MgH2+15 wt% Co3O4 composite was reduced to 89.13 kJ/mol, which was about 45.7% lower than that of pure MgH2. After complete dehydrogenation, the composites started to absorb hydrogen at 50 °C with 6.2 wt%, while the activation energy of reabsorption was also reduced to 47.97 kJ/mol. After 10 cycles of MgH2+15 wt% Co3O4 composites, the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH2 could still be maintained at 99%, which indicated that it had good cycling stability. It was confirmed by various characterizations that Co3O4 was uniformly distributed on the MgH2 matrix after ball milling. After the first reaction, Co3O4 was converted to CoO, which was uniformly attached to the Mg/MgH2 surface and stabilized during the cycling process, continuing to provide active sites for hydrogen.
The hydrogen storage composite MgH2+Co3O4 was prepared in this study, and Co3O4 was uniformly distributed on the MgH2 matrix. In the first hydrogen release process, Co3O4 is gradually converted to CoO, and then in the hydrogen absorption process, hydrogen enters Mg. During the cycle, the CoO is in a stable state and evenly dispersed on the Mg/MgH2 surface, continuing to provide an active site for hydrogen. Display omitted
•Co3O4 with good air adaptation performance is applied to MgH2 system.•Composites started to release H2 at 200 °C and could start to absorb H2 at 50 °C.•The activation energy of de/hydrogenation was significantly reduced for composites.
Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) has been extensively researched as an ideal cathode material. However, the limitations of its structural stability and electronic conductivity have hindered its further ...applications. To address these challenges, this study proposes a modification strategy centered on the synergistic effects of Nd doping and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coating. The Nd element shows a stronger affinity for oxygen. When replacing the V site, it can form a more stable Nd-O bond, meanwhile, it can inhibit the oxygen evolution. Furthermore, due to the super large ionic radius of Nd3+ (1.81 Å vs. 0.64 Å of V3+), the introduction of Nd doping serves to enhance the stability of the crystal structure, thereby ensuring the effective de-intercalation of Na+. Furthermore, Nd doping widens the transport channels, thereby increasing the speed of Na+ transport. Concurrently, the CNTs coating network, which is integrated onto the material surface, offers diverse pathways for electronic transport, significantly improving electronic conductivity. Comprehensively, Nd-3 sample shows the optimal performance at different doping gradients. It displays a reversible capacity of 114.8 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. When cycling at 40 C, it can remain 90.2 % after 2500 cycles. According to the ex-situ XRD measurements, the Nd-3 sample shows favourable structural reversibility and very small volume shrinkage, indicating the significantly improved structural stability. Finally, the Nd-3//CHC full cell reveals a high capacity of 134.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, indicating its great potential for applications.
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•A simultaneous optimized strategy of Nd substitution and CNT coating is proposed for the first time.•Nd3+ replacing V3+ make the lattice spacing enlarged to improve the structural stability of electrode materials.•Nd-3 shows favourable structural reversibility and small volume shrinkage, indicating improved structural stability.•The dense coating of CNTs can form an efficient conductive network structure.•Nd-3 sample reveals high performance in both half and full cells.
Studying structure–activity correlations of electrocatalysts is essential for improving the conversion of electrical to chemical energy. Recently, increasing evidence obtained by operando ...characterization techniques reveal that the structural evolution of catalysts caused by the interplay with electric fields, electrolytes and reactants/intermediates brings about the formation of real active sites. Hence, it is time to summarize structural evolution related research advances and envisage future developments. In this Minireview, we first introduce the fundamental concepts associated with structural evolution (e.g., catalysts, active sites/centers and stability/lifetime) and their relevance. Then, the multiple triggers of structural evolution and advanced operando characterizations are discussed. Significantly, a brief overview of structural evolution and its reversibility in heterogeneous electrocatalysis is provided, especially for the representative electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) processes. Lastly, key challenges and opportunities in this exciting field are highlighted.
Structural evolution is crucial to the development of active sites for renewable energy‐conversion technologies involving heterogeneous electrocatalysis. In this Minireview, fundamental concepts related to structural evolution are described. A critical overview of multiple triggers, reversibility and operando characterizations is presented, and the application of structural evolution in important electrocatalytic reactions is presented.
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•A reversible and dual-fluorescence probe was constructed for sulfur dioxide and mercury ion.•Sulfur dioxide and mercury ion could light up the emission at 485 nm and 679 nm ...respectively without spectral crosstalk.•The probe could realize in-situ rapid dynamic tracing of sulfur dioxide and mercury ion in living cells, and present the phenomenon of antagonism between sulfur dioxide and mercury ion in mercury poisoning.
Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the most threatening substances to human health, and the mercury poisoning can damage physiological homeostasis severely in human, even cause death. Intriguingly, Sulfur dioxide (SO2), a gas signal molecule in human, can specifically interact with Hg2+ for relieving mercury poisoning. However, the dynamic interaction of Hg2+ with SO2 at the tempospatial level and the correlation between Hg2+ and SO2 in the pathological process of mercury poisoning are still elusive. Herein, we rationally designed a reversible and dual color fluorescent probe (CCS) for dynamically visualizing Hg2+ and SO2 and deciphering their interrelationship in mercury poisoning. CCS held good sensitivity, selectivity and reversibility to Hg2+ and SO2, that enabled CCS to specifically detect SO2 and Hg2+ via cyan fluorescence channel (centered around 485 nm) and red fluorescence channel (centered around 679 nm), respectively. Notably, the separate fluorescence signal changes of CCS realized the dynamic tracing of Hg2+ and SO2 in living cells, and presented the potential for exploring the correlation between SO2 and Hg2+ in mercury poisoning.
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Airway remodeling is a prominent feature of asthma, including increased airway smooth muscle (ASM) mass and altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. Bronchial thermoplasty ...(BT), a bronchoscopic treatment for severe asthma, targets this airway remodeling.
To investigate the effect of BT on ECM composition and its association with clinical outcomes.
This is a sub-study of the TASMA trial. Thirty severe asthma patients were BT treated, of which 13 patients prior to BT were treated by six months of standard therapy (control group). Demographic data, clinical data including pulmonary function and bronchial biopsies were collected. Biopsies at BT treated and non-treated locations were analyzed by histological and immune-histochemical staining. Associations between histology and clinical outcomes were explored.
Six months after treatment, reticular basement membrane (RBM) thickness was reduced from 7.28μm to 5.74μm (21% relative reduction) and the percentage area of tissue positive for collagen increased from 26.3% to 29.8% (13% relative increase). Collagen structure analysis revealed a reduction in the curvature frequency of fibers. The percentage area positive for fibulin-1 and fibronectin increased with 2.5% and 5.9% respectively (relative increase of 124% and 15%). No changes were found for elastin. The changes in collagen and fibulin-1 negatively associated with changes in FEV1-reversibility.
Next to ASM reduction, BT impacts RBM thickness and the ECM arrangement characterized by an increase in tissue area occupied by collagen with a less dense fiber organization. Both collagen and fibulin-1 are negatively associated with the change in FEV1-reversibility.
BT induces ECM reorganization and airway wall stability.
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