RESUMEN: La prohibición de ir contra acto propio es un escenario típico de infracción a la buena fe procesal, cuyo contenido y límites la ley chilena no ha definido. Este artículo analiza las dos ...interpretaciones -una amplia y otra restringida- que cobija la jurisprudencia civil respecto de este deber de coherencia y la manera en que ellas inciden en el derecho de defensa de las partes. El texto distingue entre una aplicación secundaria (obiter dicta) y una aplicación residual de este deber, siendo esta última un control judicial de la argumentación jurídica del litigante ante situaciones de abuso, engaño y actuaciones manifiestamente dilatorias. El efecto procesal de infringir este deber es la inadmisibilidad del acto incoherente. Este efecto es compatible con otras medidas específicas, como el pago de las costas y la indemnización de los daños causados.
The aim of this article is to present the legal solutions adopted in criminal proceedings during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on the implementation of the right to defence, focusing, in ...particular, on the relation between the accused and the defence counsel. During the pandemic, online trials and hearings became widespread and communication with the courts via email developed. Issues of confidentiality between the accused and his/her defence counsel, as well as access of the defence counsel to files, were analysed, particularly in cases related to pretrial detention. The new solutions have been evaluated, possibilities of their use after the end of the pandemic have been indicated and postulates as to the desired directions of changes have been formulated. The issues addressed are relevant today and extremely important in the sphere of public law, as criminal liability is proved during criminal proceedings. In general, it should be assessed positively that the COVID-19 pandemic has become an opportunity to introduce new legal solutions for the modernisation of criminal proceedings. However, some of these regulations do not fully meet the objectives set for them, hindering, through the adoption of specific solutions and practices, the proper implementation of certain key procedural principles, primarily the right to defence.
Excepția de ilegalitate reprezintă un mijloc de apărare prin care partea interesată solicită verificarea legalității unui act administrativ ce urmează a fi aplicat la soluționarea unei cauze ...pendinte. Acest mijloc de apărare a fost introdus în legislația națională prin adoptarea Legii contenciosului administrativ din 2000. Însă, odată cu intrarea în vigoare a Codului administrativ, la 1 aprilie 2019, a fost exclusă posibilitatea invocării excepției de ilegalitate în cadrul procesului civil. Scopul prezentului studiu constă în examinarea utilității reintroducerii în legislație a instituției excepției de ilegalitate, având în vedere asigurarea celerității procesului civil și a securității raporturilor juridice. THE EXCEPTION OF ILLEGALITY IN THE CIVIL PROCEEDINGS The exception of illegality is a means of defence by which the interested party requests the verification of the legality of an administrative act that must be applied to the settlement of a pending case. This mean of defence was introduced into national law by the adoption of the Administrative Litigation Law of 2000. However, with the entry into force of the Administrative Code on 1 April 2019, the possibility of invoking the exception of illegality was excluded in the civil proceeding. The purpose of this study is to examine the usefulness of reintroducing the institution of the exception of illegality into the legislation, given the celerity of the civil proceeding and the legal certainty.
În cadrul procesului civil, pârâtul poate să se apere cu ajutorul obiecțiilor material-juridice, excepțiilor procesuale și al acțiunii reconvenționale. Pe lângă aceste mijloace principale de apărare ...ale pârâtului, identificăm modalități atipice de apărare care pot contribui la apărarea eficientă a drepturilor și intereselor pârâtului. La categoria mijloacelor atipice de apărare atribuim tranzacția de împăcare și atragerea intervenientului accesoriu în proces. În cadrul prezentului articol examinăm particularitățile, condițiile și efectele apărării pârâtului cu ajutorul mijloacelor atipice de apărare. ATYPICAL MEANS OF DEFENCE OF THE DEFENDANT IN THE CIVIL PROCEEDINGSIn the civil proceedings, the defendant may defend themselves with the help of material objections, procedural exceptions and counterclaim. In addition to these main means of defence, we identified atypical means of defence that can contribute to the effective defence of the rights and interests of the defendant. The category of atypical means of defence encompasses the settlement agreement and the involvement of the accessory intervener in the civil proceeding. In this article, we examine the particularities, conditions and effects of the atypical means of defence.
Artykuł dotyczy prawnokarnych konsekwencji fałszywych wyjaśnień oskarżonego w postępowaniu karnym. Autor przedstawia stanowiska wyrażone w tej materii w literaturze i orzecznictwie. Następnie ...przedstawia i uzasadnia swój pogląd. Uważa, że fałszywe wyjaśnienia nie są zabronione pod groźbą kary, ponieważ nie ma takiego typu czynu zabronionego. Takie zachowanie jest jednak niezgodne z prawem. To prawda, że jest to rodzaj obrony, ale nie jest to wykonywanie prawa do obrony. Nie wydaje się, aby fałszywe wyjaśnienia mogły mieć znaczenie jako okoliczność obciążająca przy wymiarze kary lub mogły być podstawą stosowania środka zapobiegawczego w postępowaniu (np. tymczasowego aresztowania). Nie ulega z kolei wątpliwości, że fałszywe wyjaśnienia stanowiące zniesławienie lub fałszywe oskarżenia mogą prowadzić do odpowiedzialności karnej
This article presents the role and the meaning of the key element of the Miranda Warning, i.e. the right to remain silent in the Irish criminal proceedings. The cognitive value is also refl ected in ...the comparison of that rule with the right to refuse to make a statement by the detained, applicable in the Polish criminal procedural law.
Apărarea, în esența sa, presupune activitatea desfășurată de însăși persoana bănuită, învinuită, inculpată de o faptă prejudiciabilă sau de un avocat-apărător în vederea valorificării intereselor ...legale lezate și combaterii acuzațiilor ce i se aduc persoanei respective.Dreptul la apărare, fiind un drept constituțional și procesual al bănuitului, învinuitului, inculpatului, permite realizarea acestui drept și prin acordarea asistenței juridice de un avocat-apărător în mod obligatoriu în acele cauze în care, datorită situației personale a părții acuzate sau gravității pedepsei ce poate fi aplicată față de ea, este necesar să intervină asistenţa din partea unui profesionist al dreptului, care să apere interesele legitime ale părţii din proces. În așa mod, bănuitul, învinuitul, inculpatul poate să beneficieze de asistență juridică din partea unui profesionist în domeniul dreptului – avocat-apărător, sarcina căruia constă în apărarea intereselor legitime ale persoanei acuzate. THE EXERCISE OF RIGHT TO DEFENCE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF DEFENCE LAWYERDefence is essentially an activity carried out by the suspect, accused, indicted with a damaging act or by a defence lawyer aiming to bring value to the damaged legal interests and fight allegations against the individual in question.The right to defence is a constitutional and procedural right of the suspect, accused, indicted. It may also be exercised in terms of legal aid in cases when the defence lawyer is provided to those in difficulty or facing a severe punishment. Thus, the suspect, accused, indicted may benefit from the assistance of a professional defence lawyer, whose task will be defend legitimate interests of the indicted.
2017 brought about a significant and long awaited change in the rules applicable to dawn raids in Poland. After many years of being criticized by scholars and practitioners, the practice of the ...President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection – consisting of the subsequent review of electronic data copied during an inspection at the authority premises and without the presence of a representative of the inspected undertaking, has been finally overruled by the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection. Even thought there are still several improvements that need to be made in order to guarantee the full respect of fundamental rights of inspected undertakings in the Polish legal order, the Court ruling incontestably constitutes a significant step in strengthening the legal position of inspected undertakings in Poland.
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