Despite the existence of the provisions of the Procedures Directive 2013/32/EU, the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU on the right to be heard and well-established case law of the European ...Court of Human Rights concerning the requirements of a rigorous judicial scrutiny in asylum cases, the assessment of the credibility of the submissions of asylum seekers in procedures for the determination of international protection remains one of the main challenges of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS), which aims to harmonise basic procedural requirements for the rule of law in terms of the effective protection of rights in the Member States of the European Union. The author’s approach in dealing with the question of whether an asylum seeker has a right to be confronted with inconsistencies or implausibilities in his/her submissions, in order to be able to provide a satisfactory explanation for alleged inaccuracies in his/her submissions before a decision is taken, is a methodological one. In the paper, the author follows a particular interpretative pattern that could also be used in cases of other pertinent and open questions on the interpretation of EU law.
2017 brought about a significant and long awaited change in the rules applicable to dawn raids in Poland. After many years of being criticized by scholars and practitioners, the practice of the ...President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection – consisting of the subsequent review of electronic data copied during an inspection at the authority premises and without the presence of a representative of the inspected undertaking, has been finally overruled by the Court of Competition and Consumer Protection. Even thought there are still several improvements that need to be made in order to guarantee the full respect of fundamental rights of inspected undertakings in the Polish legal order, the Court ruling incontestably constitutes a significant step in strengthening the legal position of inspected undertakings in Poland.
Relacja między pacjentem a lekarzem ma szczególny charakter, dotyczy bowiem zagadnień bezpośrednio związanych z intymnością i godnością. Pacjent dzieli się informacjami na temat swoich problemów, ...a lekarz ma wiedzę i umiejętności, które mogą pomóc w ich rozwiązaniu. W omawianej relacji istnieje więc wyraźna dysproporcja: pacjent musi w pewnym momencie zaufać lekarzowi i podjąć proponowane przez niego działania. Dysproporcja ta przyczyniła się do rozwoju idei praw pacjenta. Zwrócono uwagę, że osobę leczoną trzeba traktować z szacunkiem, a jej godności nie wolno naruszać. Dzięki temu coraz popularniejsze stawało się podejście, zgodnie z którym pacjent jest partnerem w procesie terapeutycznym. W ostatnich latach można jednak zaobserwować niepokojące zjawisko: część pacjentów zmieniła stosunek do lekarzy i traktuje ich wyłącznie jako specjalistów od określonych usług. Osoby leczone mają coraz więcej oczekiwań i żądań, którym czasem towarzyszy agresja słowna i fizyczna. Pojawiają się zatem istotne pytania: Czy wystąpienie zachowań agresywnych wynika z konkretnej przyczyny? Czy tylko pewna grupa pacjentów jest skłonna do podejmowania podobnych działań? Czy od agresji można się uzależnić? W jaki sposób lekarz powinien reagować na przemoc werbalną i fizyczną?
Despite Palestine's endeavour to seek full UN membership and herewith gain the support of the international community, strong tendencies towards violating basic fair trial principles can be observed ...on the ground. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the current Rule of Law building efforts in the occupied Palestinian Territories by an exemplary analysis of the status of the right to defence. The study examines the legal situation of the right to defence in Palestine and how those regulations are interpreted and applied in everyday practice. Considering recent developments of access to legal defence and legal aid on the UN and EU level, this article demonstrates the importance of granting comprehensive access to defence as part of the rule of law building efforts, and also underlines the necessity of its application during the early stages of criminal procedure.
The article examines certain provisions of the Civil Procedural Code of the Russian Federation regulating appeal proceedings. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to enhance appeal ...proceedings, the mentioned recommendations in the science of Civil Procedural Law taken into account
La Pologne est un ancien État communiste qui a signé la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme en 1991 et l'a ratifiée en 1993. Le droit de recours individuel a été reconnu en 1993. Le ...changement de régime a exigé de revoir le système juridique polonais, dont les principes du procès équitable, afin de pouvoir se conformer aux exigences de la Convention. La France a signé la Convention en 1950, l'a ratifiée en 1974. Le droit de recours individuel a été reconnu en 1981. C'est un des plus anciens signataires de la Convention et actuellement un acteur majeur de la société internationale dont l'attachement aux droits de l'homme constitue un élément caractéristique de sa politique extérieure. Cette étude comparative détermine si les exigences concernant les tribunaux et le procès, ainsi que les droits garantis en matière pénale, imposés par l'article 6 de la Convention, sont respectés dans les deux États. D'un côté, cela permet de voir les différences et les similitudes entre la France et la Pologne qui peuvent sembler différentes à cause de leur histoire et de leur tradition de respect des droits de l'homme, mais qui également se ressemblent dans les mécanismes de protection des droits de l'homme mis en place et rencontrent les problèmes similaires, comme par exemple la durée excessive de la procédure ou le non-Respect du principe de l'égalité des armes.D'un autre côté, cela permet de vérifier si les organes internes ont bien appliqué et, le cas échéant, réparé les violations de la Convention, notamment par les réformes de la loi interne.
Poland is a post-Communist state which signed the Convention in 1991, and ratified it in 1993. The right to the individual application was established in 1993. The change of the regime required to reform the Polish legal system, including the principles of fair trial, to comply with the requirements of the Convention. France signed the Convention in 1950, and ratified it in 1974. The right to the individual application was established in 1981. It is one of the oldest members of the Convention and at the moment one of the major actors of the international society, whose attachment to human rights is one of the characteristics of its foreign policy. This comparative study sets out to determine whether the requirements concerning the courts and the trials, and the rights guaranteed in criminal matters imposed by the article 6 of the Convention are respected in both states. On the one hand, this enables us to see the differences and the similitudes between France and Poland. These two states can seem to be different because of their respective histories and traditions when it comes to the respect of human rights. However, in the final analysis, they deal with similar problems, as, for example, the excessive length of proceedings, or non-Respect of the principle of equity of arms. On the other hand, this enables us to verify if the judgements of the European Court of Human Rights have been entirely implemented by the two states, and, where necessary, if the infringements of the Convention were repaired, including the reforms of the internal law.
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