The second edition of this handbook provides a state-of-the-art cover view on the various aspects in the rapidly developing field of robotics. Reaching for the human frontier, robotics is vigorously ...engaged in the growing challenges of new emerging domains. Interacting, exploring, and working with humans, the new generation of robots will increasingly touch people and their lives. The credible prospect of practical robots among humans is the result of the scientific endeavour of a half a century of robotic developments that established robotics as a modern scientific discipline. The ongoing vibrant expansion and strong growth of the field during the last decade has fueled this second edition of the Springer Handbook of Robotics. The first edition of the handbook soon became a landmark in robotics publishing and won the American Association of Publishers PROSE Award for Excellence in Physical Sciences & Mathematics as well as the organization's Award for Engineering & Technology.
The second edition of the handbook, edited by two internationally renowned scientists with the support of an outstanding team of seven part editors and more than 200 authors, continues to be an authoritative reference for robotics researchers, newcomers to the field, and scholars from related disciplines. The contents have been restructured to achieve four main objectives: the enlargement of foundational topics for robotics, the enlightenment of design of various types of robotic systems, the extension of the treatment on robots moving in the environment, and the enrichment of advanced robotics applications. Further to an extensive update, fifteen new chapters have been introduced on emerging topics, and a new generation of authors have joined the handbook's team.
A novel addition to the second edition is a comprehensive collection of multimedia references to more than 700 videos, which bring valuable insight into the contents. The videos can be viewed directly augmented into the text with a smartphone or tablet using a unique and specially designed app.
Robot Ethics Lin, Patrick; Abney, Keith; Bekey, George A ...
2012, 2011, 2014-01-10, 2012-02-17, 20120101
eBook
Robots today serve in many roles, from entertainer to educator to executioner. As robotics technology advances, ethical concerns become more pressing: Should robots be programmed to follow a code of ...ethics, if this is even possible? Are there risks in forming emotional bonds with robots? How might society--and ethics--change with robotics? This volume is the first book to bring together prominent scholars and experts from both science and the humanities to explore these and other questions in this emerging field. Starting with an overview of the issues and relevant ethical theories, the topics flow naturally from the possibility of programming robot ethics to the ethical use of military robots in war to legal and policy questions, including liability and privacy concerns. The contributors then turn to human-robot emotional relationships, examining the ethical implications of robots as sexual partners, caregivers, and servants. Finally, they explore the possibility that robots, whether biological-computational hybrids or pure machines, should be given rights or moral consideration. Ethics is often slow to catch up with technological developments. This authoritative and accessible volume fills a gap in both scholarly literature and policy discussion, offering an impressive collection of expert analyses of the most crucial topics in this increasingly important field.
Background: Traditionally, the workflow for cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws has included tapping either line-to-line or under tapping by 1 mm. To our knowledge, no reports describe a ...non-tapping, 2-step workflow for CBT screw placement. We sought to compare the safety profile and time savings, if any, in this no-tap (2-step) versus tap (3-step) workflow. Methods: Patients undergoing robotic-assisted (RA) 1- to 3-level posterior spine fusion with CBT screws for degenerative conditions were identified. Patients were separated into either no-tap or tap workflow. Numbers of total screws, screwr-elated complications, screws malpositioned, aborted or converted, other complications, estimated blood loss (EBL), operating room (OR) time, robotic time and return to OR were analyzed. Results: We identified 179 RA-CBT patients with 91 patients undergoing 2-step (458 screws) and 88 undergoing 3-step (466 screws) workflow. There was no difference in age, sex, body mass index, revisions status, smoking, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, approach (posterior only v. anterior-posterior), number of levels fused or diagnosis between the cohorts. Total robotic time was decreased from 30.3 (tap) to 26.7 (no tap) minutes (p = 0.05), while OR time (181.4 tap v. 169.9 no tap min) was decreased as well but not significantly (p = 0.24). No patient in either cohort was returned to OR for malpositioned screws. There was no difference in malpositioned screws identified intraoperatively (6 v. 10, p = 0.43), screws converted to freehand (3 v. 3, p = 0.69) or screws abandoned (2 v. 3, p = 1.00). No pedicle fracture or fixation failure was identified in the no-tap cohort with 1 in the tapping cohort (p = 1.00). Conclusion: The no-tap (2-step) screw insertion workflow for RA-CBT reduced robotic time without increased complications. In both cohorts, no patients were returned to the OR for malpositioned screws and no pedicle fractures or fixation-related complications were identified in the no-tap (2-step) workflow. The no-tap workflow is safe and improves efficiency in RA-CBT screw insertion.
