Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) has received significant attention from software providers and users as a software delivery model. Most of the existing companies are transferring their business into a ...SaaS model. This intensely competitive environment has imposed many challenges for SaaS developers and vendors. SaaS development is a very complex process and SaaS success depends on its architecture design and development. This paper provides a better understanding of SaaS applications architecture phase during the SaaS development process. It focuses mainly on an empirical investigation of key factors of SaaS Architecture phase identified from the systematic literature review. A quantitative survey was developed and conducted to identify key architecture factors for an improved and successful SaaS application. A developed survey was used to test the proposed hypothesis presented in this study. Empirical investigation's results provide evidence that vendors and developers must consider key architecture factors for SaaS development process to stand in the current competitive environment. These key factors include customization, scalability, MTA (Multi-Tenancy Architecture), security, integration, and fault tolerance and recovery management. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate empirically the influence of identified key factors of the architecture on SaaS applications success.
IT providers have heralded software-as-a-service (SaaS) as an excellent complement to on-premises software addressing the shortcomings of previous on-demand software solutions such as application ...service provision (ASP). However, although some practitioners and academics emphasize the opportunities that SaaS offers companies, others already predict its decline due to the considerable risk involved in its deployment. Ours is the first study to analyze the opportunities and risks associated with adopting SaaS as perceived by IT executives at adopter and non-adopter firms. We first developed a research model grounded in an opportunity-risk framework, which is theoretically embedded in the theory of reasoned action. Subsequently, we analyzed the data collected through a survey of 349 IT executives at German companies. Our findings suggest that in respect to both SaaS adopters and non-adopters, security threats are the dominant factor influencing IT executives' overall risk perceptions. On the other hand, cost advantages are the strongest driver affecting IT executives' perceptions of SaaS opportunities. Furthermore, we find significant differences between adopters' and non-adopters' perceptions of specific SaaS risks and opportunities, such as performance and economic risks as well as quality improvements, and access to specialized resources. Our study provides relevant findings to improve companies' assessment of SaaS offerings. It also offers SaaS providers insights into the factors that should be prioritized or avoided when offering SaaS services to companies at different stages of their technology adoption lifecycle.
► We analyze opportunities and risks of SaaS adoption as perceived by IT executives. ► Security threats are the key factor influencing IT executives' risk perceptions. ► Cost advantages through SaaS are perceived as most salient benefit. ► SaaS risk-reward perceptions differ significantly between adopters and non-adopters.
To examine the psychometric properties of the Stirling Antenatal Anxiety Scale (SAAS), developed by Sinesi et al., which assesses the level of anxiety of pregnant women in the prenatal period, in the ...Turkish culture, and to conduct a validity and reliability study.
This study had a methodological approach, with a cross-sectional and descriptive research design. Reporting was in accordance with the STROBE checklist. The sample included 160 pregnant women who were followed up in the maternity outpatient clinics of a public hospital and a private hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected face-to-face using a personal information form, the Turkish version of the SAAS, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale between June and August 2023. In the data analysis, validity analyses were performed with content and construct validity and multiple fit indices for confirmatory factor analysis. Item-total score analysis was conducted using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson's correlation analysis to assess reliability. Descriptive and reliability analyses were undertaken using SPSS v.28.0.1.0, and validity analyses were performed using SPSS AMOS v.26.0.0.0.
Based on expert opinions on the items in the Turkish version of the SAAS, the content validity ratio was 0.96. The decision was made to exclude Item 9 from the Turkish version because the item factor load was low. The Turkish version had a single factor, as did the original version. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 0.87, so the Turkish version was determined to have high reliability.
The Turkish version of the SAAS, originally produced in English, has high levels of validity and reliability. In addition, it is short and easy to apply in clinical and research settings. As such, the Turkish version of the SAAS is recommended for use to evaluate the level of anxiety in pregnant women.
The concept of “single‐atom catalysis” is first proposed by Tao Zhang, Jun Li, and Jingyue Liu in 2011. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have a very high catalytic activity and greatly improved atom ...utilization ratio. At present, SACs have become frontier materials in the field of catalysis. Aerogels are highly porous materials with extremely low density and extremely high porosity. These pores play a key role in determining their surface reactivity and mechanical stability. The alliance of SACs and aerogels can fully reflect their structural advantages and lead to new enhancement effects. Herein, a general concept of “atomic aerogel materials” (AAMs) (or single‐atom aerogels (SAAs)) is proposed to describe this interesting new paradigm in both material and catalysis fields. Based on the basic units of “gel,” the AAMs can be divided into two categories: carrier‐level AAMs (with micro‐, nano‐, or sub‐nanometer pore structures) and atomic‐level AAMs (with atomic‐defective or oxygen‐bridged sub‐nanopore structures). The basic unit of the former (i.e., single‐atom‐functionalized aerogels) is the carrier materials in nanostructures, and the latter (i.e., single‐atom‐built aerogels) is the single metal atoms in atomic structures. The atomic‐defective or oxygen‐bridged AAMs will be important development directions in versatile heterogeneous catalytic or noncatalytic fields. The design proposals, latent challenges, and coping strategies of this new “atomic nanosystem” in applications are pointed out as well.
A new concept of atomic aerogel materials (or single‐atom aerogels) is proposed for materials science and catalysis science; and their scientific significances, synthetic breakthrough, and potential applications are systematically summarized.
Threats jeopardize some basic security requirements in a cloud. These threats generally constitute privacy breach, data leakage and unauthorized data access at different cloud layers. This paper ...presents a novel multilevel classification model of different security attacks across different cloud services at each layer. It also identifies attack types and risk levels associated with different cloud services at these layers. The risks are ranked as low, medium and high. The intensity of these risk levels depends upon the position of cloud layers. The attacks get more severe for lower layers where infrastructure and platform are involved. The intensity of these risk levels is also associated with security requirements of data encryption, multi-tenancy, data privacy, authentication and authorization for different cloud services. The multilevel classification model leads to the provision of dynamic security contract for each cloud layer that dynamically decides about security requirements for cloud consumer and provider.
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is becoming a popular outsourcing option for customers interested in paying for the right to access a standardized set of functions of the necessary software via the ...Internet. Due to the low cost of the service and the lack of high initial costs, the business becomes interested in using this technology. Software as a service allows you to significantly reduce the cost of IT services, to rethink the entire process of automating the business-processes of companies and creating software by eliminating high initial investments in infrastructure and its subsequent maintenance. Considering these advantages of SaaS over on-premises applications, business is increasingly talking about the possibility of a full transition to the use of SaaS services. In this paper, the concept of SaaS software, the architecture of this kind of applications, their distribution models and long-term use costs are analyzed, and this approach is compared with on-premises software in the above issues. Based on the analysis of actual data, recommendations were made on the topic of whether to abandon the usual set of technologies in favor of SaaS and which companies should take such actions.
Education is a crucial factor in ensuring sustainable progress, In particular, for countries with growing economies. Due to resource virtualization, Cloud computing has both the Internet and complex ...scalability. Both public and private learning institutions should take advantage of the potential benefit of cloud infrastructure to ensure high-quality service regardless of the minimum resources available. Because of its numerous advantages, cloud computing is taking center stage in academia. This research will seek to establish the benefits associated with the use of cloud computing in education. Cloud technology solutions ensure research and development as well as teaching, and its more sustainable and efficient, thereby having a positive impact on the quality of teaching and learning in educational institutions. The goal of this research is to identify the benefits of cloud computing usage in education. Cloud technology solutions make research and development as well as teaching more competitive and effective, thereby having a positive impact on the quality of education.
Major and trace‐element zoning in garnet, in combination with Rb–Sr, Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf geochronology, provide evidence for a protracted garnet growth history for the Zermatt‐Saas Fee (ZSF) ophiolite, ...western Alps. Four new Lu–Hf ages from Pfulwe (c. 52–46 Ma) and one from Chamois (c. 52 Ma) are very similar to a previously published Lu–Hf age from Lago di Cignana. Overall, the similarity of geochronological and garnet zoning patterns suggests that these three localities had a similar prograde tectonic history, commensurate with their similar structural position near the top of the ZSF. Samples from the lower part of the ZSF at Saas Fee and St. Jacques, however, produced much younger Lu–Hf ages (c. 41–38 Ma). Neither differences in whole‐rock geochemistry, which might produce distinct garnet growth histories, nor rare‐earth‐element zoning in garnet, can account for the age differences in the two suites. This suggests a much later prograde history for the lower part of the ZSF, supporting the idea that it was subducted diachronously. Such a model is consistent with changes in subduction vectors based on plate tectonic reconstructions, where early oblique subduction, which produced long prograde garnet growth, changed to more orthogonal subduction, which corresponds to shorter prograde garnet growth. Six new Rb–Sr phengite ages range from c. 42 to 39 Ma and, in combination with previously published Rb–Sr ages, constrain the timing of the transition from eclogite to upper greenschist facies P–T conditions. The proximity of the ZSF in the Saas Fee region to the underlying continental Monte Rosa unit and the similarity of peak‐metamorphic ages suggest these two units were linked for part of their tectonic history. This in turn indicates that the Monte Rosa may have been partly responsible for rapid exhumation of the ZSF unit.
Предметом дослідження є методи кастомізації SaaS-рішень. Мета статті – визначити цілісну стратегію кастомізації SaaS-рішень, розроблених за допомогою технологій cloud-native. Завдання: проаналізувати ...сучасні підходи щодо архітектури SaaS-застосунків; виявити основні методи кастомізації для сучасних SaaS-застосунків; дослідити та встановити спосіб кастомізації інтерфейсу SaaS-застосунків; на підставі проведеного дослідження визначити цілісну стратегію кастомізації SaaS-застосунків. Упроваджуються такі методи: аналіз і синтез – для вивчення технологій, що зі свого боку використовуються для побудови SaaS-застосунків; абстрагування та узагальнення – для визначення загальної архітектури SaaS-застосунку; синтез вебтехнологій – для вибору методів кастомізації SaaS-застосунків та побудови алгоритму вибору методу кастомізації. Досягнуті результати: досліджено сучасну архітектуру SaaS-застосунків; обрано методи кастомізації SaaS-застосунків, а також визначено цілісну стратегію щодо кастомізації SaaS-застосунків; визначено метод модифікації інтерфейсу SaaS-застосунків, що дає змогу виконувати кастомізацію вебінтерфейсу SaaS-застосунку незалежно від конкретного фреймворку front-end. Висновки: сучасна архітектура SaaS-застосунків є комплексною та основана на мікросервісній архітектурі, підході multi-tenant, хмарних технологіях і веббраузері; методи кастомізації SaaS-застосунків мають розроблятися незалежно від певних технологічних стеків, щоб задовільнити потреби більшості або всіх користувачів SaaS-застосунку в кастомізації; підхід API-first є фундаментальним у побудові кастомізованого SaaS, оскільки він є основою для створення будь-якої автоматизації чи пов’язаної бізнес-логіки; webhooks є найкращою опцією для реалізації підписки на події, що відбуваються в SaaS-застосунку, незалежно від технологічного стеку; визначена стратегія кастомізації SaaS-застосунків дає змогу робити кастомізацію незалежно від певного технологічного стеку й, окрім реалізації бізнес-логіки, також покриває модифікацію інтерфейсу.
PDF
