Studies have demonstrated benefits of the use of probiotics in the diet of poultry production, especially in the action against pathogenic microorganisms. This work presents a review on the effects ...of the use of probiotics on the pathogenic serotypes of Salmonella enterica of birds and a world context on the methods of control of avian salmonellosis. Most of the assays have observed favorable effects, with reduction of colonization through competitive exclusion, decrease of pH, interference in immunological modulation and translocation of the pathogen. Considering the scenario of antimicrobials disuse, probiotics may emerge as one of the main alternatives for the control of this zoonotic agent in poultry commercial productions. However, there is a need for further technical and scientific elucidations as to the viability and applicability of the use of probiotics on a commercial scale.
Los estudios han demostrado beneficios del uso de probióticos en la dieta de las aves de producción, sobre todo en la acción contra microorganismos patógenos. Este trabajo presenta una revisión sobre los efectos del uso de los probióticos sobre los serotipos patógenos de Salmonella entérica de las aves y un panorama mundial sobre los métodos de control de la salmonelosis aviar. La mayoría de los ensayos han observado efectos favorables, con reducción de colonización por medio de exclusión competitiva, disminución de pH, interferencia en la modulación inmunológica y en la translocación del patógeno. En vista del escenario probable de desuso de los antimicrobianos tradicionales, los probióticos pueden emerger como una de las principales alternativas para el control de este agente zoonótico en las creaciones comerciales. Sin embargo, hay la necesidad de mayores aclaraciones técnicas y científicas en cuanto a la viabilidad y aplicabilidad de la utilización de los probióticos a escala comercial.
Estudos têm demonstrado benefícios do uso de probióticos na dieta das aves de produção, sobretudo na ação contra microrganismos patogênicos. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão sobre os efeitos do uso dos probióticos sobre os sorotipos patogênicos de Salmonella entérica das aves e um panorama mundial sobre os métodos de controle da salmonelose aviária. A maioria dos ensaios tem observado efeitos favoráveis, com redução de colonização por meio de exclusão competitiva, diminuição de pH, interferência na modulação imunológica e na translocação do patógeno. Tendo em vista o cenário provável de desuso dos antimicrobianos tradicionais, os probióticos podem emergir como uma das principais alternativas para o controle deste agente zoonótico nos plantéis comerciais. Todavia, há a necessidade de maiores elucidações tecnico-científicas quanto à viabilidade e aplicabilidade da utilização de cepas probióticas em escala comercial.
Telur merupakan salah satu sumber protein yang mengandung gizi yang lengkap dan banyak diminati oleh masyarakat karena harganya yang relative terjangkau. Telur dapat berperan sebagai media ...pertumbuhan yang baik bagi mikroorganisme. Salmonella spp. Merupakan bakteri yang dapat menginfeksi telur. Bakteri ini dapat menyebabkan penyakit Salmonellosis pada manusia berupa demam tifoid, paratifoid dannon-tifoidataugastroentritis. Dalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7388:2009 menyatakan bahwa Salmonella spp. pada telur segar adalah negatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memeriksa ada atau tidaknya bakteri Salmonella spp. yang terdapat pada telur ayam yang diproduksi di desa Tegal Sari Kecamatan Gading Rejo Kabupaten Pringsewu Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode dekriptif, dengan uji kultur Salmonella menggunakan media XLDA dan HEA. Sembilan sampel telur yang diidentifikasi dengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling, yaitu suatu teknik dengan tiga kriteria yaitu telur yang retak, bersih dan kotor, yang diambli dari hasil uji laboratorium Pemeriksaan telur dilakukan di laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner Balai Veteriner Lampung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sembilan sampel tersebut dinyatakan negatif Salmonella spp. Dengan demikian tidak terdapat kandungan Salmonella spp. pada telur ayam yang dijual ditiga peternakan yang berada didesa Tegal Sari Kecamatan Gading Rejo Kabupaten Pringsewu Provinsi Lampung dan telur tersebut dinyatakan bebas Salmonella spp.
Background:
Food-borne diseases can cause many problems and harm consumers and societies. Dairy products are an important part of the food pyramid. In addition, dairy products provide many ...nutritional needs to humans and can also be contaminated with bacteria and cause gastrointestinal diseases and food poisoning.
Objective:
The purpose of the present research was to evaluate bacterial contamination rate in cheese, raw and pasteurized milk.
Methods:
For this purpose, 100 samples, including 35 samples of raw milk samples, 35 samples of pasteurized milk and 30samples of cheese, were evaluated. Cultures, biochemical and phenotypic tests were performed. Finally, statistical analysis was performed.
Results:
Our finding demonstrates that
Enterococcus spp
was the highest rate in cheese samples,
E.coli
was the highest rate in raw milk samples, and
citrobacter freundii
,
klebsiella oxytoca
and
enterococcus spp
were of the same rate in pasteurized milk samples.
Conclusion:
The results obtained in this study demonstrated that some dairy products in Ilam province, were contaminated. So, we suggested that the pasteurized milk and dairy products be done with complete care and raw dairy products should not be used.
Bacteria of the genus Salmonella are pathogens that cause salmonellosis in humans, a food infection caused by the consumption of food contaminated by the bacteria, this can occur due to the absence ...of hygiene practices in the milk production process, non-existent or improper refrigeration, absence of processes thermal or improperly, unqualified labor may also be present on poorly sanitized surfaces that come into contact with food. As these situations are commonly found in small and medium rural properties, the objective of this research was to analyze the presence of Salmonella spp. in Mozzarella cheese under different types of processing, sold in the retail area of the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, in addition to assessing the influence of manufacturing technology on the identity and quality of the cheese in question, as a way of guaranteeing the health and well-being of the potentially consuming human population.
Las bacterias del género Salmonella son patógenos que causan salmonelosis en humanos, una infección alimentaria causada por el consumo de alimentos contaminados por la bacteria, esto puede ocurrir debido a la ausencia de prácticas de higiene en el proceso de producción de leche, refrigeración inexistente o inadecuada, ausencia de procesos térmicos o inadecuadamente, el trabajo no calificado también puede estar presente en superficies mal desinfectadas que entran en contacto con los alimentos. Como estas situaciones se encuentran comúnmente en propiedades rurales pequeñas y medianas, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la presencia de Salmonella spp. en queso Mozzarella bajo diferentes tipos de procesamiento, vendido en el área minorista de la región metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, además de evaluar la influencia de la tecnología de fabricación en la identidad y calidad del queso en cuestión, como una forma de garantizar la salud y el bienestar de población humana potencialmente consumidora.
As bactérias do gênero Salmonella são patógenos causadores da salmonelose em humanos, uma infecção alimentar provocada pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados pela bactéria, isto pode ocorrer pela ausência de práticas de higiene no processo de produção do leite, refrigeração inexistente ou feita incorretamente, ausência de processos térmicos ou feito de forma inadequada, mão de obra desqualificada além disso podem estar presentes em superfícies mal higienizadas que entram em contato com o alimento. Como estas situações são comumente encontradas em pequenas e médias propriedades rurais, objetivou-se nessa pesquisa analisar a presença de Salmonella spp. em queijo tipo Mussarela sob diferentes tipos de processamento, comercializados no varejo da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, além de avaliar a influência da tecnologia de fabricação na identidade e qualidade do queijo em questão, como forma de garantir a saúde e o bem-estar da população humana potencialmente consumidora.
This paper presents a compact and cost-effective lens-free complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor based bacterial cell detection platform that can measure colorimetric light ...signals in the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) process. In this work, we first demonstrate the CMOS image sensor based shadow imaging platform as an ELISA detector and provide critical performance data that show this platform to be comparable or even better than that of a commercial ELISA reader. To evaluate the efficacy of the shadow imaging platform-based ELISA detector as a practical approach, the pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) and Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) were utilized within a conventional 96-well plate. To reduce the noise signal from unwanted particles and light scattering, a custom-made aperture cover and image processing procedures were developed. Because this platform employs a multi-million pixel CMOS image sensor enabling effective removal of noise signals that can not be achieved with a single pixel detector, i.e., conventional ELISA reader, it can perform more reproducible ELISA measurement. Combined with the shadow imaging technique, this approach holds great promise in many applications including blood analysis, pathogen detection, and environmental monitoring.
The salmonellosis is considered the zoonoses most diffused in the earth, his amplitude of host animal has permitted a rapid expansion of the different serotypes in humans, increasing in recent years ...the severity of gastrointestinal disorders and the resistance of bacteria to conventional treatments. Knowledge of this resistance has as objectives develop strategies of prevention and control against the microorganism, further of define the antimicrobial of election for treatment. In the present study was isolated and identified Salmonella through a coprology sample in ten primates in captive. The colonies suspicious were subjected a biochemical tests and latex agglutination test for confirm the isolation of strains; to later perform the technique Kirby-Bauer. At finalize the test eight of ten primates sampled were positive for Salmonella spp. In the thirteen antibiograms elaborate was observed 100 % of resistance bacterial to antibiotics: vancomycin, clindamycin, erytrhomycin and penicillin G; a 76,92% resistance to tetracycline, followed by (30,76 %) to streptomycin and chloramphenicol. The resistance was lower (7,69 %) to amikacin and ceftriaxone. This investigation contributes to the knowledge of the sensibility pattern of Salmonella in primates maintained in captive in the step homer for wildlife located in the rural municipality of Florencia (Caquetá-Colombia), and evidence the increasing of resistance in various antimicrobials as chloramphenicol and tetracycline according to studies with other wildlife in this property.
AIM To test whether Nox1 plays a role in typhlitis induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium(S. Tm) in a mouse model.METHODS Eight-week-old male wild-type(WT) and Nox1 knockout(KO) ...C57BL6/J(B6) mice were administered metronidazole water for 4 d to make them susceptible to S. Tm infection by the oral route. The mice were given plain water and administered with 4 different doses of S. Tm by oral gavage. The mice were followed for another 4 d. From the time of the metronidazole application, the mice were observed twice daily and weighed daily. The ileum, cecum and colon were removed for sampling at the fourth day post-inoculation. Portions of all three tissues were fixed for histology and placed in RNAlater for m RNA/c DNA preparation and quantitative real-time PCR. The contents of the cecum were recovered for estimation of S. Tm CFU.RESULTS We found Nox1-knockout(Nox1-KO) mice were not more sensitive to S. Tm colonization and infection than WT B6 mice. This conclusion is based on the following observations:(1) S. Tm-infection induced similar weight loss in Nox1-KO mice compared to WT mice;(2) the same S. Tm CFU was recovered from the cecal content of Nox1-KO and WT mice regardless of the inoculation dose, except the lowest inoculation dose(2 × 106 CFU) for which the Nox1-KO had one-log lower CFU than WT mice;(3) there is no difference in cecal pathology between WT and Nox1-KO groups; and(4) there are no S. Tm infection-induced changes in gene expression levels(IL-1b, TNF-α, and Duox2) between WT and Nox1-KO groups. The Alpi gene expression was more suppressed by S. Tm treatment in WT than the Nox1-KO cecum. CONCLUSION Nox1 does not protect mice from S. Tm colonization. Nox1-KO provides a very minor protective effect against S. Tm infection. Using NOX1-specific inhibitors for colitis therapy should not increase risks in bacterial infection.
The salmonellosis is considered the zoonoses most diffused in the earth, his amplitude of host animal has permitted a rapid expansion of the different serotypes in humans, increasing in recent years ...the severity of gastrointestinal disorders and the resistance of bacteria to conventional treatments. Knowledge of this resistance has as objectives develop strategies of prevention and control against the microorganism, further of define the antimicrobial of election for treatment. In the present study was isolated and identified Salmonella through a coprology sample in ten primates in captive. The colonies suspicious were subjected a biochemical tests and latex agglutination test for confirm the isolation of strains; to later perform the technique Kirby-Bauer. At finalize the test eight of ten primates sampled were positive for Salmonella spp. In the thirteen antibiograms elaborate was observed 100 % of resistance bacterial to antibiotics: vancomycin, clindamycin, erytrhomycin and penicillin G; a 76,92% resistance to tetracycline, followed by (30,76 %) to streptomycin and chloramphenicol. The resistance was lower (7,69 %) to amikacin and ceftriaxone. This investigation contributes to the knowledge of the sensibility pattern of Salmonella in primates maintained in captive in the step homer for wildlife located in the rural municipality of Florencia (Caquetá-Colombia), and evidence the increasing of resistance in various antimicrobials as chloramphenicol and tetracycline according to studies with other wildlife in this property.
La salmonelosis es considerada la zoonosis más difundida en la tierra, su amplitud de huésped animal ha permitido una rápida expansión de sus diferentes serotipos en el hombre, aumentando en los últimos años la severidad en los trastornos gastrointestinales y la resistencia de la bacteria a los tratamientos convencionales. El conocimiento de dicha resistencia tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención y control frente al microorganismo, además de definir el antimicrobiano de elección para su tratamiento. En el presente estudio se aisló e identificó Salmonella por medio de un muestreo coprológico en diez primates en cautiverio. Las colonias sospechosas observadas en los medios de cultivo de alta selectividad se sometieron a pruebas bioquímicas específicas y a la prueba de aglutinación látex para confirmar el aislamiento de las cepas. Se realizó la técnica Kirby-Bauer, en la cual el 80 % de los individuos resultaron positivos a Salmonella spp. En los trece antibiogramas elaborados se observó 100 % de resistencia bacteriana a los antimicrobianos: vancomicina, clindamicina, eritromicina y penicilina G; un 76,92 % de resistencia a tetraciclina, seguida de 30,76 % a estreptomicina y cloranfenicol. La resistencia más baja fue de 7,69 % a amicacina y ceftriaxona. Esta investigación contribuye al conocimiento del patrón de sensibilidad de Salmonella spp. en primates mantenidos en cautiverio en el Hogar de Paso de Fauna Silvestre (HPFS) ubicado en la zona rural del municipio de Florencia (Caquetá - Colombia), y evidencia el aumento de resistencia en varios antimicrobianos como el cloranfenicol y la tetraciclina según estudios realizados con otras especies silvestres en este HPFS.
Introducción. Las frutas y hortalizas frescas constituyen un componente esencial de la dieta de muchas personas a nivel mundial y día a día su consumo viene en aumento, obedeciendo a varios factores ...como la tendencia hacia una alimentación más sana. Los ácidos orgánicos se presentan como una alternativa para sustituir al cloro en la desinfección de estos productos, por su buen desempeño antimicrobiano y su condición de producto GRAS (Generalmente Reconocido Como Seguro). Objetivo. Determinar la reducción de E. coli y Salmonella spp en lechuga Batavia (Lactuca sativa), utilizando un producto a base de ácidos orgánicos. Materiales y Métodos. Se inocularon muestras de lechuga con concentraciones conocidas de Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 y Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 y E. coli ATCC 8739 y ATCC 25922, estas fueron expuestas a soluciones del producto (ácido orgánico) a 1000, 1200 y 2000 ppm a 3 tiempos de exposición. Posteriormente fueron neutralizadas con una solución de caldo Letheen y analizadas mediante recuento en placa. Se tomaron muestras contaminadas de lechuga sin desinfectar como controles positivos. La eficacia de la desinfección se evaluó mediante el análisis de la reducción logarítmica de la población microbiana durante el tiempo de exposición al desinfectante en diferentes concentraciones del principio activo. Resultados. Se evidenciaron reducciones superiores al 99% en las muestras de lechuga inoculadas con E. coli y cerca del 90% en las muestras contaminadas con Salmonella spp En las lechugas inoculadas con E. coli, la reducción de la población alcanzó los 2.09 ± 0.14 Log UFC/g, mientras que con Salmonella spp la reducción fue de y 0.98 ± 0.19 Log UFC/g. El estudio reveló que el tratamiento con mayor actividad antimicrobiana frente a poblaciones altas (105 UFC/g) de los patógenos inoculados, se obtuvo con una concentración de 2000 ppm y un tiempo de contacto de 5 minutos. Conclusión. Los ensayos in vitro y de inoculación demostraron mayor sensibilidad de E. coli con respecto a Salmonella spp frente al tratamiento de desinfección. El desinfectante a base de ácidos orgánicos constituye una alternativa efectiva y segura como tratamiento para reducir microorganismos patógenos en vegetales, disminuyendo el riesgo microbiológico asociado a este tipo de productos, que generalmente se consumen crudos.
Oružja za masovno uništavanje najbolji su primjer uporabe civilizacijskih tehnoloških dostignuća u štetne svrhe i protiv ljudske civilizacije. Unatoč nastojanjima oko kontrole i smanjenja njihove ...količine, rizik zbog samoga postojanja pa čak i širenja zahtijeva da se o njihovoj uporabi i dalje vodi računa i da se povećaju obrambene mjere – nuklearno-biološko-kemijske obrane (NBKO).
Osim suvremenog vojnika koji je u vojnim i mirovnim operacijama diljem svijeta izložen raznim noksama kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla, nezaštićeno i uglavnom slabo educirano civilno stanovništvo može biti izloženo terorističkim napadima.
Oružja za masovno uništavanje i nokse kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla uzrokuju razne toksikološke posljedice, a bez obzira na njihovo podrijetlo, imaju zajednički nazivnik djelovanja – poremećaj fi ziološkog stanja u organizmu. Poremećaji proizašli nakon izlaganja tim noksama nerijetko se teško determiniraju, dijagnosticiraju i liječe.
U ovome su radu s biomedicinskog aspekta obrađene važnije nokse kemijskog, biološkog i radiološkog podrijetla na temelju odabranih primjera iz terorizma i suvremenog ratovanja: polonij-210, osiromašeni uran, salmonela, bedrenica (antraks), genetički modifi cirane bakterije, polimerno predivo “paučina” i bojni otrovi sarin i iperit.
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