Gradsko poglavarstvo Osijeka i Holokaust Volner, Hrvoje
Radovi Zavoda za hrvatsku povijest Filozofskoga fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu,
4/2024, Letnik:
55, Številka:
2
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Rad analizira povezanost sustava lokalne samouprave s provedbom Holokausta. Ukazuje se na termin časnih prava kao karakteristike koja se u zakonodavstvu Kraljevine Jugoslavije koristila kao uvjet ...primitka u državljanstvo, dok je u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj pojam nečasne osobe postao pojmom kojim su se derogirala osnovna ljudska prava Židova. Rad analizira formiranje sustava gradske vlasti u Osijeku nakon okupacije pod silama Osovina, daje neke primjere odnosa gradskih i župskih vlasti prema Židovima i njihovom vlasništva do i nakon istjerivanja u sabirni logor na Tenjskoj cesti.
Članak razmatra ustroj, djelokrug i teritorijalnu nadležnost Gradskoga poglavarstva Varaždin između dva svjetska rata. Prikazana su tri međusobno koordinirana tijela Gradskoga poglavarstva: gradsko ...zastupstvo kao lokalno predstavničko tijelo, odbori kao savjetodavna tijela zastupstva i gradsko poglavarstvo kao izvršno tijelo. U poglavlju o zastupstvu kronološki su predstavljeni svi mandati zastupstva, načelnici i vladini povjerenici koji su upravljali gradom. U narednom poglavlju razrađen je djelokrug svakoga odbora zasebno i taksativno su pobrojani svi odbori izabrani u promatranom razdoblju. Posljednje poglavlje analizira organizaciju ustrojbenih jedinica u kojima se je odvijalo poslovno djelovanje poglavarstva. Pogled na djelovanje gradske uprave zaokružen je zakonskom regulativom i naznakom unitarističko-centralističkih i apsolutističkih tendencija koje su oblikovale svekoliku društveno-političku zbilju, uključujući i rad jedinica lokalne vlasti.
The article analyzes the structure, scope and territorial jurisdiction of the Varaždin City Government, a unit of local administration that governed the Varaždin municipality in the period 1918-1941. From 1918 to 1920, the city municipality included the area of the city of Varaždin together with the villages of Varaždin Breg and Novo Selo, and from January 1, 1921 it was further expanded with the village of Šandorovec.Two basic laws defined the structure and scope of city governments between the two world wars: the Law on the Organization of City Municipalities in the Kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia of 1895 and the Law on City Municipalities of 1934. After the introduction of the dictatorship in 1929, two more laws were passed that had a decisive impact on the functioning of cities. One dissolved all self-governments on the territory of the state and the other annulled all existing election procedures, so that all subsequent city councils were appointed by a Ban’s decision. The abolition of previous legislation, strict hierarchical supervision, the appointment of city councils and government commissioners close to the state regime and the complete denial of electoral principles led, especially in the first half of the 1930s, to the narrowing of self-governing rights of city municipalities. The paper presents three mutually coordinated bodies of the City Government: the council as a local representative body, committees as advisory bodies of the council and the government as an executive body. The chapter on the city council, in addition to the structure and competencies, provides a chronological overview of the mandate of the council and a list of mayors and government commissioners who changed during the interwar years. In the 1920s, four city councils were elected and from 1929 to 1941, five were appointed. All four elected councils disbanded before the end of a six-year term due to political and party disagreements, lack of a solid coalition or personal animosities. The city council was chaired by the mayors or presidents of the city municipality. In the observed period, Varaždin had four elected and eight appointed mayors and six government commissioners. The longest-serving elected mayor was Vjenceslav Podgajski with a four-and-a-half-year term. The council had standing committees for more efficient solution of administrative cases and faster decision making. The committees were established in accordance with the statute (Legal-Political Committee, Excise, Economic, For Paupers and Orphans, For City Enterprises, etc.) or particular legislation (School, Agricultural, Committee for Emergency Passages, Health, etc.). Their number varied over the years between twelve and eighteen. The performance of all administrative and self-governing tasks belonged to the domain of the government, which was divided into organizational units, the so-called sections. However, little attention was paid to the organization itself. The greatest progress towards better organization was made only in 1937, when the number of departments was finally stabilized and the systematic marking of files with numerical designations of organizational units began. From then until 1941 the administrative work had been conducted in twelve and later thirteen departments (one department was established in 1938). This article should make it easier for researchers to use the material of exceptionally valuable, frequently used and researched archival fonds of the State Archives in Varaždin, but it can also serve as a guide for understanding the administrative history of other city governments in continental Croatia, whose functioning is defined by the same legislation and the general socio-political climate of the interwar period.
Autori u tekstu propituju povijest razvoja lokalne samouprave u Hrvatskoj od samih početaka do danas. U tom smislu, rabe pravnopovijesnu metodu i daju presjek razvoja te institucije s naglaskom na ...normativnu regulaciju unutar zadnjih 30-tak godina. Rad ukazuje na temeljne nedostatke u razvoju lokalne samouprave koji se moraju prevladati kako bi ona bila učinkovitija.
The authors question the history of the development of local self-government in Croatia from the very beginning to the present day. In that sense, they use the legal-historical method and give a cross-section of the institutions’ development with an emphasis on normative regulation within the last 30 years. The paper points to fundamental drawbacks in the development of local self-government that must be overcome in order to make it more effective.
U ovom radu autori prikazuju stanje lokalne samouprave na primjeru dviju skupina jedinica lokalne samouprave, različitih po svom geografskom, ekološkom, prostornom i drugim obilježjima. Riječ je o ...prostoru Imotske krajine koja je, od nekoć jedinstvenog teritorijalnog prostora, diferencirana na 8 općina i grad Imotski, te o otoku Braču koji je podijeljen na 7 općina i grad Supetar. Upravo ta različitost u okviru Splitsko-dalmatinske županije temeljni je spiritus movens ovoga rada, bez pretenzija da ova analiza dade apodiktične i kategorične sudove, primjerice o tome je li nova teritorijalna organizacija dovela do poboljšanja i jačanja svekolikih kapaciteta lokalne samouprave.
In this work the authors show the situation of local self-government on the example of two local self-government groups of units, different by their geographic, ecologic, spatial and other characteristics. The subject is about the area of Imotska Krajina which has been differentiated from formerly unique territory area onto 8 communities and the City of Imotski, then the island of Brač which has been divided in 7 municipalities and the City of Supetar. Precisely, such a diversity in the setting of Split-Dalmatia County is the fundamental spiritus movens of this work, unpretentious to give apodictic and decisive judgments of this analysis, for instance on a subject whether the new territory organization has led to an improvement and strengthening of comprehensive capacities of local self-government.
Croatia has, as an independent state, and from the year 2013 as a full member of the European Union; chosen to fully affirm the institutions of local and regional self-government. Croatian ...administration science has made significant advances in terms of acceptance of basic, for now, European, profiling of these institutions, but it is also aware of its' particularities on that path. As one of the most significant dubieties, the one on the concept of regional self-government appears, i.e. on the organization of that area, especially which territory would be encompassed by the units of regional self-government in the Republic of Croatia, as well as the authorities which would these units possess. In order to critically and wholly analyse the crucial questions of regional self-government in the Republic of Croatia, this paper also analyses perspectives of scientists in other areas: economists, political scientists, geographers and sociologists.
Hrvatska se kao samostalna država, a od 2013. godine i punopravna članica Europske unije, odredila za punu afirmaciju institucija lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave. Hrvatska upravna znanost napravila je značajne iskorake u smislu prihvaćanja temeljnih zasada europskog profiliranja tih institucija, ali svjesna i svojih posebnosti na tom putu. Kao jedna od najvažnijih dvojbi javlja se ona o koncepciji područne (regionalne) samouprave odnosno o tome kako organizirati to područje, posebice koji teritorij bi obuhvaćale jedinice područne (regionalne) samouprave i prema kojim kriterijima bi taj teritorij bio određen te koje ovlasti bi takve jedinice imale. Radi cjelovite kritičke analize ključnih pitanja područne (regionalne) samouprave u Republici Hrvatskoj, u radu se analiziraju stajališta znanstvenika i iz drugih područja: ekonomista, politologa, geografa i sociologa.
Analizirani su glavni elementi službeničkog sustava u hrvatskoj lokalnoj i područnoj (regionalnoj) samoupravi, u kontekstu položaja lokalne samouprave u cjelini javnog sektora, pozicije upravnih ...tijela u strukturi lokalnih jedinica, te statusa lokalnih službenika u odnosu na cjelokupni službenički korpus i na opći radnopravni režim. Ujedno je ukazano na s time povezana otvorena pitanja u mjerodavnom zakonodavstvu i u praksi.
The main elements of the civil service system in the Croatian local and regional self-government were analyzed, in the context of the position of local self-government in the public sector as a whole, the position of administrative bodies in the structure of local units, as well as the status of local civil servants in relation to the entire civil servants’ corps and the general labour law regime. Besides, related open questions in the relevant legislation and in practice were pointed out.
Osnovna nakana ovoga rada jest pokazati neke od magistralnih puteva kroz koje prolazi sustav lokalne samouprave u Republici Hrvatskoj. Proces europeizacije, naime, sve više zahvaća i oblikuje ...hrvatsku lokalnu samoupravu, uključujući implementaciju novih standarda rada kao što su procesi decentralizacije i dekoncentracije, privatizacije, liberalizacije, deregulacije, javnosti, transparentnosti i otvorenosti, te specijalizacije, informatizacije i digitalizacije itd. To su temeljne vrijednosti upravnih doktrina poput novog javnog menadžmenta, „dobre vladavine“ i drugih. U kontekstu ove teme posebnu pozornost stavili smo na neke aspekte organizacijske strukture Splitsko-dalmatinske županije apostrofirajući pritom posebice podatke o kvalifikacijskoj, spolnoj i dobnoj strukturi zaposlenih u upravnim tijelima županije i neke pokazatelje o financijsko-proračunskom kapacitetu općina, gradova i same županije.
The key aim of this paper is to demonstrate a few main pathsthrough which goes the system of local self-goverment in Croatia. Europeanization process more and more encompasses and shapes croatian local self goverment including implementation of new standards of work such as democratization and dispersion processes, public participation, transparency , openness and also specialities, informatization and digitalization. These are the fundamental values of admininistrative doctrines like new public managment, „good governance“ ect. In the context of this subject of matter, we have put a special emphasis on some aspects of organizational structure of Split-Dalmatia County, underlining data about qualifications, age of employees in administrative structures of County and some data about financial-budget capacity of communities, towns and County.
A brief overview of the constitutional order of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the position of local self-government in the vertical structure of government ...is provided in the paper. In addition, the issue of the organization and jurisdiction of local self-government is treated. The issue of the right to local self-government guaranteed by the Constitution of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is addressed in this paper. The right of civil servants in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the attitude of political structures to professional independence of civil servants and the role and importance that civil servants should have in the processes of exercising civil rights, and the right to local self-government is what the research is focused on. The necessity of harmonization of cantonal legislation on civil service law with federal legislation, and the need to base the civil service law on the principles and standards achieved in the EU is what the paper points out.
U radu se daje kratak pregled ustavnog uređenja Bosne i Hercegovine i Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine te položaja lokalne samouprave u vertikalnom ustroju vlasti. Pored toga, tretira se pitanje organizacije i nadležnosti jedinica lokalne samouprave. U radu se obrađuje pitanje prava na lokalnu samoupravu koju garantira Ustav Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Fokus istraživanja je usmjeren na službeničko pravo u Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine, odnos političkih struktura prema službeničkoj profesionalnoj neovisnosti i ulogu i značaj koji državni službenici treba da imaju u postupcima ostvarivanja građanskih prava, odnosno prava na lokalnu samoupravu. Autor ukazuje na nužnost harmonizacije kantonalnog zakonodavstva iz oblasti službeničkog prava sa federalnim zakonodavstvom, te potrebu utemeljenosti službeničkog prava na načelima i dostignutim standardima u Europskoj uniji.
This brief and unpretentiously written text has as it s main propose to warn on occurrence of new trends within recent croatian administrative science. It´ s a fact that ever more female colleuge on ...Cathedra of administrative sciences of Faculty of Law University of Zagreb emerged as employees in scientific-educational vocation, which was once predominantly „male“ discipline.
Therefore, their autoritative and professional engagement in each aspect oft he discipline should be welcomed, from substantially traditional aspects to efforts on opening new thematic areas. Especially great credit of female teachers of administrative science lies in process of europeization of croatian public administration and their endeavour to point out deficiencies in actual state and recomendations for their avoidance. In this way croatian administrative science catches connection on contemporary processes, within discipline in european context.
With it´ s width and coverage of themes, both ancient and new ones Croatian administrative science testifies it´ s vitality and displays it can handle with corpus of positive law discipline et least on equall level
Ovaj kratki i nepretenciozno napisani tekst ima kao temeljnu nakanu upozoriti na nastanak novih trendova unutar recentne hrvatske upravne znanosti. Riječ je o činjenici da se sve više kolegica na Katedri upravne znanosti pri Pravnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu pojavilo kao znanstveno-nastavno osoblje u nekada gotovo isključivo „muškoj“ disciplini.
Pritom treba pozdraviti njihovo autoritativno i profesionalno bavljenje svim aspektima discipline, kako sadržajno-tradicijskih, tako i otvaranjem novih tematskih područja. Posebice je velika zasluga nastavnica upravne znanosti u procesu europeizacije hrvatske javne uprave i nastojanje na ukazivanju nedostataka aktualnog stanja s preporukama za njihovo otklanjanje.
Hrvatska upravna znanost na ovaj način hvata priključak na suvremena zbivanja unutar discipline u europskom kontekstu. Širinom i obuhvatom tema, starih i novih, hrvatska upravna znanost svjedoči svoju vitalnost te pokazuje da se može ravnopravno nositi s korpusom pozitivnopravnih disciplina, a možda i više od ove konstatacije.
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