Hitra urbanizacija ima številne negativne vplive na okolje in zdravje ljudi ter pomembno prispeva h globalnemu segrevanju. Eden izmed teh vplivov so tudi mestni toplotni otoki, ki jih povzroca ...clovekova dejavnost in so opredeljeni kot temperaturne razlike med mestnimi in okoliškimi obmocji. Zaradi hitre urbanizacije v zadnjih desetletjih se Skopje spoprijema z izjemno mocnimi ucinki mestnih toplotnih otokov. Za proucevanje vloge pozidanih in zelenih površin pri nastanku površinskega mestnega toplotnega otoka je avtorica uporabila satelitske podatke Landsat ETM+, na podlagi katerih je analizirala temperaturo tal, in posnetke satelita Planet Scope DOVE visoke locljivosti, na podlagi katerih je analizirala pozidane in zelene površine. Za geostatisticne analize je uporabila 17 nakljucno izbranih podobmocij v Skopju. Izsledki raziskave kažejo pomembno povezavo med mestnim toplotnim otokom in pozidanimi površinami ter mocno povezavo med zelenimi površinami in obmocji, na katerih ni mestnega toplotnega otoka, kar kaže, da se lahko ucinek mestnih toplotnih otokov pomembno zmanjša z dodatnimi zelenimi površinami. Eden izmed pomembnih izsledkov raziskave je, da idealno razmerje med deležem pozidanih in zelenih površin, pri katerem je ucinek mestnega toplotnega otoka šibek, v nekaterih primerih pa ga celo ni, znaša 40 : 60. Nadaljnje raziskave bi se morale osredotocati še na druge dejavnike, ki lahko vplivajo na nastanek mestnega toplotnega otoka.
The monograph presents a fully automated procedure for geometric correction of optical satellite images, without any manual intervention during the processing. The resulting orthorectified image is ...in the national coordinate system and constitutes a suitable source for spatial analyses. In the monograph the original procedure connects several different methods into a single, robust system for automatic generation of orthoimages is documented in detail. The work describes the whole automatic orthorectification process, which comprises four basic modules: a module for extracting and preparing the metadata, a module for automatic extraction of ground control points, a module for calculation of parameters of the geometric model, and a module for orthorectification. The experiments and results with RapidEye and WorldView-2 images are also presented. The experiments evaluate the procedure for automatic extraction of points, the geometric model, the elimination of gross errors, and the positional accuracy of the orthoimages. The analisys of the results indicate that the automated procedure produces orthoimages with a positional accuracy of about two pixels or better, even if several gross errors are present among the automatically extracted ground control points.
An application of data mining for the determination of flooded areas was published in the Journal Geodetski vestnik (no. 54/2010-4). This paper analyses the usefulness of these results for further ...analyses of hydraulic parameters. The velocity and discharges were computed for six locations. The study showed that the flooded areas determined by satellite images can be used for further analyses. Nevertheless, other layers have to be sufficiently precise, especially the digital terrain model (DTM). DTM 12.5 was used. The study showed that DTM 12.5 is not precise enough. The observed area is very rough and the hydraulic parameters (cross sectional area of flow, wetted perimeter, hydraulic radius, river-bottom slope, flow velocity, discharge) cannot be detected with sufficient precision. Consequently, the calculated hydraulic radiuses, velocities and discharges are out of expectations. In the first part of the article, some basic information about remote sensing and its techniques is presented. Some practical examples of their usage (especially satellite images) for the observation of natural disasters are also given.
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