This paper contributes to the growing literature on the uneven geography of second homes in three ways. First, the heterogeneous nature of second homes in a rural, mountainous area of the European ...periphery is identified. Second, a conceptual model is developed, relating this heterogeneity to different types of population mobility. Third, a category of property, termed ‘residual’ is shown to be a part of the second home typology within the study area, albeit with a varied and ambiguous role. The spatial patterns of different types of second home are analysed and their implications for the local impact of rural development policies discussed.
•The paper develops a new typology of second homes and mobility in rural areas.•The Spanish census can be used to identify key types of second homes.•There is a growing number and proportion of second homes in the Alpujarra Granadina.•There is an uneven geography of second homes in the Alpujarra Granadina.•The ‘residual’ category is a significant component of the second home landscape.
Several Norwegian mountain and coastal municipalities have experienced comprehensive second-home development in recent decades. From a sustainability perspective, it is necessary to understand both ...the importance of various geographical locations within a local context, as the location has an impact on available resources, amenities, and courses of action, and the complex interdependencies between the three sustainability pillars: economy, society, and environment. The purpose of the article is to provide knowledge on why and how various locations matter for planning sustainable second-home tourism. The analysis is based on document studies and interviews from three Norwegian destinations, supplemented with official statistics. The findings indicate that emphasis on, and development challenges associated with, the sustainability pillars differ across locations. They also indicate that local capacities to assess, plan, and implement adequate measures to address specific sustainable development challenges vary. Hence, there is a need for regional and local authorities to reflect on the driving forces behind the development of second-home tourism, as the impacts vary depending on what and who is driving the development. The authors conclude that it matters where second-home development is planned and what sustainability measures are adequate, applicable, and available. Nevertheless, all three pillars must be considered even if just one is enhanced.
Purpose: Despite second homes having been extensively studied in the tourism area during the last two decades, there is a lack of updated review. This work presents a systematic literature review and ...a revision of the main issues studied. Methods: The document begins with a discussion about different concepts and definitions. It highlights the lack of an internationally accepted definition of second home tourism and proposed one. Then, our literature review in second homes shows the growth of publications, country specification, the affiliation of lead authors and the leading serial source titles. The review is based on a comprehensive search in Scopus through keywords. Additionally, the main topics and issues related to second homes are summarised. Results: Results show that the number of publications has grown almost steadily, with a maximum in 2018. American, Nordics and South African authors dominate second homes research. Publications have been shifted from Tourism Geographies journals to Tourism journals showing a greater specification in the area. Implications: Finally, based on our review on topics, we conclude that there is still more to study, most of all in the field of theoretical work, the analysis of economic, environmental, and social impacts and the role of unexpected events, such as Covid 19, that has changed the use of second homes.
Second home tourism has emerged as a significant area of research because of the intersection between tourism and migration that has been encouraged by new forms of mobility. The social and economic ...aspects of second homes have been studied extensively, yet research on the environmental impacts of second home tourism remains limited. The paper aims to review second home research in general, identify environmental policies and the relevance to second home tourism, and discuss the applicable environmental research themes undertaken to date and those that should still be researched. The paper concludes by advocating for greater academic scrutiny of the environmental aspects of second home tourism to enable a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon as part of tourism.
Second-home tourism is a prominent feature of Nordic tourism. This article reviews Nordic research on second-home tourism since 2000 and relates it to international trends within this field. ...Furthermore, it provides a short outline of future research needs and opportunities. The review indicates that Nordic second-home tourism research has been highly productive and influential. After being dominated by national overviews, research has more recently addressed issues such as environmental impacts, community tensions and displacement, internationalization, and planning. Indeed, with this, Nordic researchers have gained core positions in the international ecosystem of second-home research, and particularly Umeå University has developed into the epicenter of second-home research. Although the situation for Nordic second-home research has been strong, generational shifts imply a risk of discontinuation. However, a more nuanced view on the second-home phenomenon detects the varieties of second-home tourism and the multiple interconnections to other fields of research. Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, second-home research can become a forerunner in understanding households' new spatial-temporal arrangements, combining various homes and places.
O presente trabalho busca analisar as principais transformações e permanências relacionadas ao fenômeno do turismo de segunda residência frente ao contexto da pandemia do Sars-Cov-2 no Brasil, ...entendida aqui como elemento acelerador de processos que já vinham sendo experienciados pelo fenômeno antes da crise sanitária. Parte-se do entendimento de que as chamadas residências secundárias, sua espacialização e as dinâmicas a elas atreladas se expressam por meio de uma imbricada relação de fatores e contradições socioespaciais. Nesse sentido, em que pese a ocorrência de transformações quanto ao uso das residências secundárias, verifica-se que essa prática continua a convergir para uma, cada vez maior, possibilidade de ganhos financeiros e para uma maior desigualdade e segregação socioespacial. Os resultados demonstram que a pandemia tem tido papel relevante na aceleração desses processos. Tomam-se, como casos exemplares da investigação, dois importantes balneários turísticos litorâneos, onde há forte incidência de residências secundárias, Bertioga/SP e Armação dos Búzios/RJ, que, pela proximidade às duas principais metrópoles nacionais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro, respectivamente, mantêm com estas fortes relações concernentes ao turismo. As análises, fundamentalmente qualitativas, são complementadas por dados quantitativos relacionados ao fenômeno em estudo, subsidiando as inferências e as interpretações dos achados.
Le présent travail vise à analyser les principales transformations et permanences liées au phénomène du tourisme de résidence secondaire dans le contexte de la pandémie de Sars-Cov-2 au Brésil, entendu ici comme un élément accélérateur de processus déjà vécus par le phénomène avant la crise sanitaire. Nous partons du constat que les résidences dites secondaires, leur spatialisation et les dynamiques qui leur sont liées s'expriment à travers une relation imbriquée de facteurs socio-spatiaux et de contradictions. En ce sens, malgré l'apparition de transformations concernant l'usage des résidences secondaires, il apparaît que cette pratique continue de converger vers une possibilité de plus en plus grande de gains financiers et vers une plus grande inégalité et ségrégation socio-spatiale. Les résultats ont montré que la pandémie a joué un rôle important dans l'accélération de ces processus. Deux importantes stations touristiques côtières, où il y a une forte incidence de résidences secondaires, Bertioga/SP et Armação dos Búzios/RJ, qui, en raison de leur proximité avec les deux principales métropoles nationales, São Paulo et Rio de Janeiro, respectivement, maintiennent avec ces relations fortes autour du tourisme. Les analyses qualitatives sont complétées par des données quantitatives liées au phénomène à l'étude, soutenant les inférences et les interprétations des résultats.
This work analyzes the main transformations and permanencies related to the phenomenon of second-home tourism in the Sars-Cov-2 pandemic context in Brazil, understood here as an accelerating element of processes that were already being experienced by the phenomenon before the sanitary crisis. It starts from the understanding that the so-called secondary homes, their spatialization and the dynamics linked to them are expressed through an imbricated relationship of socio-spatial factors and contradictions. In this sense, despite the occurrence of transformations regarding the use of secondary homes, it appears that this practice continues to converge to an increasingly greater possibility of financial gains and to greater inequality and socio-spatial segregation. The findings have shown that the pandemic has played a relevant role in accelerating these processes. Two important coastal tourist resorts, where there is a strong incidence of secondary homes, Bertioga/SP and Armação dos Búzios/RJ, which, due to their proximity to the two main national metropolises, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, respectively, maintain with these strong relations concerning tourism. The qualitative analyses are complemented by quantitative data related to the phenomenon under study, supporting the inferences and interpretations of the findings.
Second homes are typically located in rural settlements on the peripheries of metropolises and in areas where the tourism sector develops, which are mainly in coastal, forested, mountainous, and ...amenity-rich areas. Motivations for having a second home include investment, outdoor recreation, and connection with nature. However, in the Eastern Black Sea Region (EBSR), second homes appear to follow a different pattern in that, families who migrated to metropolises or abroad tend to have second homes in their native villages. The aim of this study was to gain insights into this unique type of second home investment, which has shown an increasing trend. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with second home owners or users in two selected districts within the EBSR, and the results were summarised in terms of the characteristics of the respondents, motives for having a second home, satisfaction with the investment, evaluation of their second home villages, and characteristics of the native second home and parcel. Six villages located in the Maçka and Çaykara districts of Trabzon Province were selected as the study area. Although the second homes in the EBSR had some similarities with the prevailing type of second home, they differed in many respects. The findings of this study will likely improve the knowledge base that can be drawn upon for housing policies and planning in rural settlements.
•NSHs differ in many ways from common second homes of non-natives.•Motives for having NSHs, satisfaction levels, and NSH characteristics were explored.•NSHs are multi-family apartment housing units with a single or multi-storey design.•NSH owners have attachment to villages, viewing them as part of their identity.•NSHs are seen as places for living, vacation, and assurance against crises.
In contrast to an inherited or repurposed second home, owners are able to stipulate how their leisure practices are catered for when they employ an architect to design their second home. This ...longitudinal study examines gendered experiences and practices of leisure at architect designed second homes in New Zealand, through an analysis of written and visual discourse in an architecture and lifestyle magazine over a period of 80 years. The identified themes were persistent over the 80 years, but the discourses evolved through time and indicate the socio-cultural context in which they were written. The findings suggest that although the opportunity to imagine a 'life lived differently' exists at the second home, for the second homeowners featured in the magazine articles at least, this does not extend to gender relations. This may be in part due to the very nature of the second home, whereby it is difficult to escape the deeply ingrained gender ideologies associated with home/work, productive/reproductive dichotomies.
During the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, anecdotal evidence of a “rural revival” emerged mirroring the “urban exodus” hypothesis. Currently, we know that internal migration to rural areas ...increased in some countries during 2020, although not with the intensity speculated by the media. However, little is known about the attributes of rural areas attracting migrants, demographic composition of migration inflows, and if counterurbanisation movements persisted over 2021. Drawing on administrative population register data, we analysed the main types of rural areas pulling internal migrants in Spain and their demographic characteristics, namely age, sex and place of birth during 2020 and 2021, using the period 2016–2019 as a benchmark. Our results show that in-migration increased in rural areas close to cities and with high prevalence of second homes during 2020, while out-migration declined. Exceptionally high inflows persisted over 2021, but outflows converged to figures observed prior to the pandemic. Inflows to rural areas comprised internal migrants across a wide age spectrum, from young adults and families to retired individuals. These flows also comprised the foreign-born, particularly populations of a wide age range from Latin American countries.
•In-migration increased in rural areas with second homes in 2020, while out-migration declined in most rural municipalities.•In-migration to rural areas comprised a wide age spectrum, while the drop in out-migration occurred among young adults.•Inflows also comprised foreign-born populations, particularly Latin Americans.•In-migration to rural areas persisted over 2021, while out-migration converged to pre-pandemic level.
•24 different simulations were performed by using HOMER software.•Two occupancy scenarios of the households were investigated under two storage options.•Each storage option consisted of six hybrid ...system configurations.
In Turkey, it is common to move to seasonal vacation homes/second homes during summer months. Electrical energy demand of these homes, which are usually located in the coastal regions where solar radiation is high, can be met by renewable energy sources. In this study, meeting electrical energy demand of off-grid vacation homes via photovoltaic/wind/fuel cell hybrid energy systems is investigated from a techno-economical perspective. 24 different simulations were performed in the HOMER software under geographic and climatic conditions of Çeşme, İzmir that has relatively high solar and wind energy potential for Turkey conditions and is a place where seasonal vacation homes are located. Two occupancy scenarios (seasonal and regular) of the households were investigated under two storage options (hydrogen and battery) and each storage option consisted of six hybrid system configurations (three 100% renewable + three minimum 95% renewable). As a result, the levelized cost of electricity (COE) of off-grid renewable energy systems are found to be above the cost of grid electricity, however, a lot less when compared to previous years. The techno-economic analysis showed that, battery storage, which is a more mature technology, is still economically superior to hydrogen storage.
PDF
