Logical scope interpretation and sentence prosody exhibit intricate, yet scarcely studied interrelations across a variety of languages and constructions. Despite these observable interrelations, it ...is not clear whether quantifier scope by itself is able to directly affect prosodic form. Information structure is a key potential confounding factor, as it appears to richly interact both with scope interpretation and with prosodic form. To address this complication, the current study investigates, based on data from Hungarian, whether quantifier scope is expressed prosodically if information structure is kept in check. A production experiment is presented that investigates grammatically scope ambiguous doubly quantified sentences with varied focus structures, while lacking a syntactically marked topic or focus. In contrast to the information structural manipulation, which is manifest in the analysis of the acoustic data, the results reveal no prosodic effect of quantifier scope, nor the interaction of scope with information structure. This finding casts doubt on the notion that logical scope can receive direct prosodic expression, and it indirectly corroborates the restrictive view instead that scope interpretation is encoded in prosody only in cases in which it is a free rider on information structure.
The stressed content words in sentences with correlative conjunctions carry a special place in the intonation of sentences. Correlative conjunctions are conjunctions that are used in pairs. The term ...correlative conjunction gets its name from the fact that it signals a paired conjunction that has a reciprocal or complementary relationship in a parallel situation, joining grammatically equal elements (e.g., noun & noun, adjective & adjective, phrase & phrase, clause & clause, etc.). It is interesting to note that the second word of each conjunctive pair in such coordinate conjunctions is a coordinating conjunction, hence they are essentially called coordinate conjunction used in pairs like “both… and, not only…. but also, whether… or, either….or, and neither…nor.” There has been no research on the intonation of correlative conjunctions. The aim of this research is to fill in this gap. In this research, the participants will be given 12 sentences that include “both …. and / and not only…. but also” conjunctions as a corpus and will be asked to tape their utterances while they read these sentences out in relaxed and soundproof room. Each participant will hand over the taped material to the researcher. This way, their placement of primary stress as a phoneme in the sentences will be captured by means of Error Hunt Approach Grammar. The utterances of the participants will be further evaluated in terms of Grammar Intonation Approach with respect to Discourse Intonation Approach in relation to teaching and learning sentence intonation in teacher education.
Šiame straipsnyje pristatomas lietuvių šnekamosios kalbos (šiaurės žemaičių dialekto) intonacijos tyrimas ir jo rezultatai. Lingvistinė analizė atlikta remiantis A. Girdenio modifikuota fonetine ...transkripcija užrašytais tekstais iš trijų skirtingų šiaurės žemaičių arealų zonų – Endriejavo, Alsėdžių ir Tirkšlių apylinkių. Šiuo tyrimu siekta išsiaiškinti, kas būdinga šnekamosios (tarminės) kalbos intonacijai, kurie žodžiai laikomi centriniais sintagmoje, kokią funkciją jie atlieka.Tyrimo metu atlikta kiekybinė ir kokybinė intonacijos ženklais pažymėtų kalbos dalių analizė. Nustatyta, kad žemaičių tekstuose dažniausiai intonuojamos nominatyvinės ir emocinės ekspresinės kalbos dalys, atliekančios informatyviųjų teksto elementų vaidmenį, o nenominatyvinės intonuojamos rečiau ir sinagmoje gauna kirtį sporadiškai.Atskirai ištyrus sintagmas su kylančia (antikadencija) ir krintančia (kadencija) intonacija, nustatyta, kad antikadencinės sintagmos dažnesnės negu kadencinės. Gauti rezultatai aiškinami tuo, kad viena iš pagrindinių krintančios intonacijos funkcijų – paryškinti remą, t. y. svarbiausią, aktualiausią informaciją, paprastai tenkančią vienam kuriam nors žodžiui frazėje. Reminį žodį gali lydėti viena arba kelios teminės sintagmos, tariamos su kylančia intonacija.Patyrinėjus šiaurės žemaičių šnekamosios kalbos intonaciją daroma išvada, kad kadencija ne visada sietina su rema, o antikadencija – su tema. Intonuoti žodžiai gali atlikti ir gramatinę funkciją: kadencija – žymėti frazės pabaigą, antikadencija – reikšti remos sudedamąsias dalis. Be to, intonacijai būdingas ir individualumas – tos pačios žodinės sudėties ir kalbinės aplinkos sintagmos skirtingų kalbėtojų gali būti intonuojamos skirtingai.
In the early education of infants with hearing impairments, dancing to songs is often used in auditory and speech training. Prosodic features, an important aspect of speech, especially for children ...with hearing impairments, are based on the perception of intensity, fundamental frequency, and duration. These elements are commonly used in the perception of music. Therefore, in the present study, in expectation of the stimulating effect of musical training on speech training, it was planned to train children to control their voice pitch using a musical scale display, and to combine the training of voice-pitch control systematically with that of word accent and sentence intonation. Using a visual display of time-variation in the fundamental frequency of speech, 5 children between 4 and 5 years old, with moderate or severe hearing impairments, were trained on utterances of word accent and sentence intonation. In the first stage of training, controlling the pitch of the voice from high to low, or low to high, was trained, using the musical scale for the display of the fundamental frequency of the speech. Then the children were trained to speak with word accent and sentence intonation, monitoring their voice pitch on a display of time-varying curve on a logarithmic scale of fundamental frequency. The children were able to achieve normal speaking with a rather short period of training. Based on the observation of the process of their progress, a practical procedure of training voice-pitch control by the use of visual display is proposed. The method of selecting speech materials that are suitable for training word accent and sentence intonation in the utterances of hearing-impaired children is also discussed.
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