Silence, assent and HIV risk Adam, Barry D.; Husbands, Winston; Murray, James ...
Culture, health & sexuality
10, Številka:
8
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Based on interviews with 34 men, almost all of whom have unprotected sex with men most or all of the time, this paper documents the interactional process, narrative elements and meaning construction ...in situations of 'bareback' sex. Narratives show the differentiated cultural capital circulating among distinct circuits of gay and bisexual men that define the taken-for-granted rules of conduct for sexual interactions and give rise to high-risk situations. Many of the positive men speak of being part of a social environment where 'everybody knows' a set of rules whereby sex without condoms can happen as a default circumstance to be interrupted only when a partner asserts a need to protect himself. The practical reasoning processes and interactional back-and-forth in the unfolding of sexual interactions, both on the internet and in person, show the uneven and fallible accomplishment of sero-sorting and the generation of situations of high HIV risk and vulnerability when men from different micro-cultures encounter each other.
Based on a combined methodology of a survey, in-depth interviews, and group discussions, this paper focuses on the local knowledge, experience, and practices of using Chinese universities as ...platforms to introduce sexuality and gender. It examines Chinese social and political contexts of sexuality and sexual education, through existing conceptual frameworks of sex/sexuality, and the voices of the students, teachers, researchers, and administrative authorities. This paper analyzes the obstacles and facilitators at the institutional level and individual capacity level and the strategies currently used to overcome the obstacles accordingly. It also provides recommendations for capacity building and resources for future work.
Este artículo pretende dar a conocer las diversas «culturas sexuales» en diferentes sociedades, su orden sociosexual y su sistemas sexo/género, con el fin de agruparlas, para su mejor comprensión, en ...dos grandes grupos: los sistemas digitales
(sociedades más rígidas) y los sistemas analógicos (sociedades más flexibles). Si es cierto que existen múltiples ideologías sexuales que «naturalizan» diversas formas de entender lo masculino y lo femenino, la homosexualidad y la heterosexualidad,
entre otras cosas (Mead, 1972, 2006), se puede concluir que el «dominio masculino», la heteronormatividad y el modelo dual sexo/género, no son realidades universales, sino que son propias de estructuras sexo/género concretas.
This paper deals with
the various «sexual cultures» in different societies, their socio-sexual order and their sex/gender systems. For a better understanding they are classified into two main groups: digital systems (more rigid societies) and analogical systems (more flexible societies). If it is true
that there are multiple sexual ideologies that «naturalize» different ways of understanding the masculine and the feminine, homosexuality and heterosexuality, among other things (Mead, 1972, 2006), it can be concluded that the «masculine domain», heteronormativity and
the dual sex/gender model are not universal realities, but are characteristic of concrete sex/gender structures.
This paper explores differences and similarities in sexual attitudes among university students 18 years or older of different sexual orientation in Havana, Tromsø, and Cape Town. In the period ...2004–5, a questionnaire survey on sexuality, happiness and life satisfaction, was undertaken among 318 students from the University of Havana, 144 students from the University of Tromsø, and 182 students from the University of the Western Cape. The respondents in Cape Town generally expressed more restrictive attitudes toward sexuality than respondents in the other two samples. The dimensionality of attitudes was studied, and three interpretable dimensions were identified: Sexual novelty seeking; Individualization and equality; and Fidelity. Attitudes toward sexual novelty seeking were most efficient in separating straight men and women, and queer men and women in the three samples. The samples were also different in their acceptance of infidelity. More research is needed to further explore cultural differences in sexual attitudes.
This paper approaches HIV and AIDS in Rakai district, Uganda, from a historical point of view, offering a representation that takes into account the broader socioeconomic context of the epidemic. It ...deals with the local behavioural responses to HIV and AIDS, and the effect and aftermath of the first AIDS education campaign in the district in the late 1980s. At that time, a popular catchphrase - "Balinsalamu embawo?" (lit. "Do they want to cut me up for timber?") - emerged among the youth and young adults, expressing criticism of the political and medical establishments and their attempts to govern the lives and intimate behaviour of individuals in the name of disease control. It is argued that the first AIDS education campaign undertaken by the Ugandan government was not entirely successful in Rakai, leading only to slight behavioural adjustments.
This paper is an attempt to reconsider the opposition between consumption and production in social sciences through a detailed analysis of the production of Chinese subtitles for a pirated Japanese ...adult video (AV) clip in Taiwan. We demonstrate that the way local pirate merchants provide Chinese subtitles is very much guided by the sexual roles of men and women, or what Sahlins calls a cultural code, in Taiwan because this makes Japanese AVs look "natural", and thus sexually appealing, to Taiwanese viewers. More importantly, the same cultural code also serves as a model for Taiwanese viewers to consume Japanese AVs; otherwise, the reproduction of Japanese AVs will not be sexually appealing to them. Seen in this way, the relation of production and consumption is not as opposed as is commonly thought. It follows that arguments that either production or consumption offers a better mode of investigation of a cultural good are misleading, because they presume that production and consumption entail different lines of logic when in fact both follow the same cultural code.
Men’s demand for prostitutes Månsson, S.A.
Sexologies : European journal of sexology,
04/2006, Letnik:
15, Številka:
2
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In this article the results of Swedish and other Scandinavian research about prostitutes' clients in heterosexual prostitution are presented and discussed. The aim is to explore men's motives for ...seeking out prostitutes. Five major motivational themes are presented: the whore fantasy, another kind of sex, image of the kind-hearted comforter, images of sex as a consumer product, fantasies of another kind of woman. It is the argument of the author that these themes reflect dominant structures of sexual culture and gender relations in society. Some of them seem to be relatively stable over time with roots far back in history, and others can be conceived as expressions of changing power relations between men and women in present day Western society.
Cet article analyse quelques résultats de recherches effectuées en Suède et dans d'autres pays scandinaves sur les clients de prostituées. Le but de ce travail est d'explorer les motivations des hommes qui vont voir des prostituées. Cinq principaux thèmes de motivations sont présentés: le fantasme de la putain, une autre forme de sexe, l'image de la consolatrice au cœur charitable, consommer du sexe, un autre type de femme. Pour l'auteur, ces thèmes reflètent les structures dominantes de la culture sexuelle et des relations entre les sexes dans la société. Certains de ces thèmes semblent être relativement stables, et enracinés depuis longtemps dans l'histoire, et d'autres peuvent être perçus comme des expressions du changement de la relation de pouvoir entre les hommes et les femmes dans la société occidentale actuelle.
This article reviews the factors of sexual culture formation & stigma in the representation & prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Two views of stigma -- insider vs outsider ...meanings & practices -- are contrasted in the history of anthropology & sexuality studies. Changes in ethnography & the understanding of ethnographic method since the rise of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic are considered through a series of case studies. The implications of this work for HIV education & interventions surrounding stigma management & community action are summarized. The author advocates the study of stigma as a means to enhance education & prevention efforts in crosscultural research on AIDS. 46 References. Adapted from the source document.
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