The latest construction technologies have enabled the erection of very slender skyscrapers. This phenomenon is developing significantly in New York, but very slender high-rise buildings are also ...being designed on other continents. The aim of this paper is to characterize existing and planned slender European skyscrapers. The study examined the location of slender high-rise buildings and their relationship with their surroundings. It sought differences and similarities in the location of slender European skyscrapers within the urban fabric compared to American skyscrapers. The presented examples of slender skyscrapers in Europe illustrate the diversity of their locations, the character of the areas in which they are designed, and the buildings themselves. The analysis of their relationship with the surroundings revealed many differences compared to New York's super-slender towers, such as the presence of open space, location at significant distances from other buildings, and even location in landscapes dominated by nature. Only some slender European high-rise buildings are designed in high-density development, which may resemble New York's super-slender towers.
•A new skyscraper based on time physical array relocation procedure for PV shade dispersion process is proposed.•Simulation verification for three popular shade cases is made and it is cross verified ...with theoretical calculations.•The simulation results of Skyscraper are found exceedingly superficial to TCT, SuDoKu and DS interconnection schemes.•Energy saving and income generation analysis clearly displays the potential with proposed skyscraper method.
Solar PV arrays are often subjected to partial shading that imposes substantial reduction in maximum power extraction from PV based power plants. For which, the principal reason is the exhibition of uneven row current levels that eventually creates multiple power peaks in the output characteristics of a PV array. In general, to mitigate the abovementioned issue, array reconfiguration schemes adopting either physical relocation or electrical rewiring are effectively utilized in the technical literature. Typically, most of the existing physical relocation methods have been conceptualized based on mathematical puzzles owing to its high shade dispersion capability. However, most of these methods are not compatible to both symmetrical and non-symmetrical PV arrays. In this work, a new physical relocation alternative deploying Skyscraper puzzle suitable for all PV arrays is designed, implemented and tested. For validation and performance evaluation of the proposed method, both simulation and experimental studies are carried out. The results demonstrate that, in comparison with the existing methods in literature, Skyscraper method provides better shade dispersion over the entire PV array and subsequently, reduces the mismatch loss to improve power reduction. As performance indices, the power values obtained from the I-V and P-V characteristics of the proposed Skyscraper method is compared with TCT (Total Cross Tie) connection, DS (Dominance Square) and Sudoku methods. 9 × 9 and 5 × 5 PV arrays are utilized for simulations and real-time experiments respectively. In summary, the Skyscraper method shows uniform characteristics and enhanced power output compared to the existing techniques in literature.
The city and architecture are often the protagonists of drawn narratives in which spatial connotation wants to be an element of contextualization and recognizability, but also of externalization of ...existential places. They appear in comics reshaped on real and fantastic lifestyles that combine narrative invention and architectural representation. The research takes into consideration three large stylistic/expressive groupings of comics, to then carry out a parallel analysis of three large cities, coinciding with the same contexts of origin of the comics. To identify new scenarios in the field of architectural representation and visual communication. In the narrative layout of comics, architecture assumes the role of iconic figure, whose meaning is expressed through the separation and cohesion of the sign and refers to a place understood as a defined space-time element.
Taking old postcards as starting points, the article is dealing with the different ways skyscrapers and vertical cities are sensed, represented and analyzed. This aim involves comparisons between the ...skyscraper and a traditional tower typology and the different ways vertical cities can stage themselves, visually as well as linguistically. A special focus is the competition between metropoles in order to obtain a status as a global city by stressing similarities and differences.
Taking old postcards as starting points, the article is dealing with the different ways skyscrapers and vertical cities are sensed, represented and analyzed. This aim involves comparisons between the skyscraper and a traditional tower typology and the different ways vertical cities can stage themselves, visually as well as linguistically. A special focus is the competition between metropoles in order to obtain a status as a global city by stressing similarities and differences.
Can skyscrapers survive after COVID-19? Can the idea of integrating vertical farming (VF) into vertical architecture support the environmental, economic, and social issues in the post-pandemic era? ...Answering these questions is the main objective of this study. Therefore, it explores a) the impact of the pandemic on the built environment, especially skyscrapers; b) the challenges facing the survival of skyscrapers; c) the design parameters and main components of VF; and d) the expected feasibility of integrating VF into vertical architecture to reduce the effects of the pandemic. The research concludes that the skyscraper-integrated vertical farming (SIVF) paradigm can create a closed ecosystem that preserves the environment by a) supporting food security, b) improving indoor environmental quality, c) enhancing psychological and physical health, d) saving energy, e) reducing greenhouse gas emissions and releasing oxygen, and f) supporting the local economy. Consequently, the SIVF paradigm can inaugurate an innovative approach that provides insights into new research trends and discoveries. However, further constraints in the adoption of SIVF should be addressed, and collaborations between researchers and multidisciplinary experts must be created to achieve suitable solutions.
In long-term field measurements and structural health monitoring (SHM), data loss sometimes occurs due to interruption of power supply, sensor failure, and disruption of data transmission, which ...inevitably affects subsequent data analysis and structural condition assessment. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel data recovery method based on correlation analysis and machine learning (ML) for recovery of missing wind pressures on cladding of high-rise buildings in field measurements and SHM. The method first utilizes correlation analysis to select appropriate inputs of the ML model, and subsequently to recover the missing wind pressures using the ML model with the selected appropriate inputs. In this study, four ML models (i.e., data recovery models), including deep neural network (DNN), particle swarm optimization-DNN (PSO-DNN), extreme learning machine (ELM), and support vector regression (SVR), are developed based on the proposed data recovery method. The time series of wind pressures with non-Gaussian features, which were collected by a multi-point synchronous monitoring system on a 600-m-high skyscraper during Super Typhoon Mangkhut, are employed to validate the performance of the developed data recovery models. The results show that all the four ML models perform satisfactorily in the recovery of the missing time series of wind pressures, among which the PSO-DNN model performs best and has good recovery accuracy for data loss that occurs in different areas of building cladding. This demonstrates that the proposed data recovery method based on correlation analysis and machine learning is a reliable and effective tool to recover the missing time series of wind pressures on high-rise buildings under severe wind conditions. Notably, this is the first attempt based on field measurements to recover the missing time series of wind pressures with non-Gaussian characteristics on a skyscraper during an extreme typhoon event, which aims to provide a useful means for the recovery of missing monitoring data in field measurements and SHM.
•Propose a novel method based on correlation analysis and machine learning (ML) for recovery of missing wind pressures.•Develop four ML models based on the proposed method to recover missing wind pressures with non-Gaussian characteristics.•Validate effectiveness of the proposed method using wind pressures on a 600 m skyscraper during Super Typhoon Mangkhut.•Provide a useful means for recovery of missing monitoring data in field measurements and structural health monitoring.
•Environmental resources consumed to obtain tall building structures.•Consumption expressed in terms of embodied energy.•Embodied energy premium for height may be satisfactory.•Address design to ...obtain sustainable tall building structures.•The lowest weight does not guarantee the lowest embodied energy.
This paper deals with the environmental resources consumed to construct tall building structures; the consumption is measured by the energy required to obtain tall building structures and is expressed in terms of cradle-to-gate embodied energy.
A reference structure composed of central core (made of reinforced concrete) and rigid frames (made of either reinforced concrete or steel) is considered. The reference structure is dimensioned and detailed for buildings from 20 to 70 stories; the embodied energy of each building is then estimated (total, of the components, per net rentable area).
The results show that, if some design decisions are dictated by the embodied energy, the premium for height of the embodied energy is not substantial, which proves that tall building structures can be sustainable. However, a structure with the lowest weight does not imply the lowest embodied energy. The results also prove that the embodied energy depends mainly on the flooring system, and that steel consumes more embodied energy than Reinforced Concrete.
Ultimately, the embodied energy is confirmed to be a viable tool to design sustainable tall buildings, and the results presented herein may address design toward minimizing the embodied energy, which means to save environmental resources.
This study reports the physiological and performance profiles of a world-class tower runner during a 6-week period surrounding a successful Guinness World Record (WR) attempt, and discusses the ...efficacy of a tower running specific field test. The world-ranked number 2 tower runner completed four exercise tests laboratory treadmill assessment (3 weeks before the WR attempt), familiarisation to a specific incremental tower running field test (1 week before), tower running field test (1 week after), and tower running time trial (TT) (3 weeks after) and the WR attempt within 6-week period. Peak oxygen consumption (VO
peak) during the laboratory test, field test, and TT were 73.3, 75.5 and 78.3 mL·kg
·min
, respectively. The VO
corresponding to the second ventilatory threshold was 67.3 mL·kg
·min
(89.1% of VO
peak), identified at stage 4 (tempo; 100 b·min
), during the field test. The duration of the TT was 10 min 50 s, with an average VO
of 71.7 mL·kg
·min
(91.6% of VO
peak), HR of 171 b·min
(92% of peak HR), vertical speed of 0.47 m·s
, and cadence was 117 steps·min
. A world-class tower runner possesses a well-developed aerobic capacity. A specific, field-based test revealed greater VO
peak than a laboratory test, indicating a need for sport-specific testing procedures.
Contemporary atypical skyscrapers in United Arab Emirates became the landmarks of the city and secured the urban competitiveness via innovative building design. These contemporary skyscrapers use ...non-linear geometry of structural frames, it is impossible to design these structures with conventional design methods. The objective of this paper is to examine the unit technologies for structural design of an atypical skyscraper and propose an optimal structural design process. As a methodology, the status of atypical skyscraper optimization technologies is analyzed, the status of data exchange among structural analysis programs, BIM software and FEM analysis programs are examined, and the case studies of some landmark buildings in United Arab Emirates designed by well known companies such as SOM, AECOM, and Salama Structural Engineers are explored. The result has shown that the unit technologies for optimizing atypical skyscrapers can follow four phases: Concept Design Phase, Schematic Design Phase, Design Development Phase and Construction Documentation Phase.
In this study, an online monitoring platform for vertical measurement of air pollutants was established atop a tall building (623 m), namely, the Shanghai Tower. Moreover, air pollutants such as CO, ...NO2, O3 and particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or smaller (PM2.5) were measured vertically at nine different heights. Based on continuous measurement data from June to November 2019, the seasonal and daily variation characteristics of the vertical profiles of these air pollutants in Shanghai were analyzed. The results indicated that CO, NO2 and PM2.5 generally showed a decreasing trend from the near ground to a height of 105 m, and the NO2 concentration continued to decrease to less than 20 μg m−3 above 600 m. The PM2.5 concentration fluctuated with height. However, the O3 concentration increased with height in general and the increase was more significant at higher altitudes in summer, with an increase rate of 1.28 μg m−3/10 m above 415 m. CO and PM2.5 tended to be impacted by regional transport in higher altitudes in autumn. Besides, a typical air pollution event in summer was analyzed to elucidate the detailed evolution process of the vertical concentration distribution. The obtained vertical observation data clearly revealed the impact of planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure that the sudden decline of planet boundary layer height (PBLH) by nearly 2/3 in an hour led to the explosive growth of O3 at all heights, especially at 105–255 m. Our study demonstrates that the established vertical online monitoring platform plays an important role in comprehensively capturing the vertical structure of urban air quality and explaining the air pollution evolution processes.
•The online vertical air monitoring platform has been established in Shanghai.•Dynamic vertical profiles can reveal the evolution process of air pollution events.•Interplays between meteorology and pollution processes varied with PBL heights.
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