Beyond Content of Conversation Koudenburg, Namkje; Postmes, Tom; Gordijn, Ernestine H.
Personality and social psychology review,
02/2017, Letnik:
21, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Social interaction is pivotal to the formation of social relationships and groups. Much is known about the importance of interaction content (e.g., the transfer of information). The present review ...concentrates on the influence of the act of conversing on the emergence of a sense of solidarity, more or less independently of the content. Micro-characteristics of the conversation (e.g., brief silences, smooth turn-taking) can profoundly influence the emergence and the regulation of relationships and of solidarity. We suggest that this might be because the form of a conversation is experienced as an expression of the social structures within the group. Because of its dynamic nature, moreover, the form of conversation provides group members with a continuous gauge of the group’s structural features (e.g., its hierarchy, social norms, and shared reality). Therefore, minor changes in the form and flow of group conversation can have considerable consequences for the regulation of social structure.
Homophily, the tendency for similar actors to be connected at a higher rate than dissimilar actors, is a pervasive social fact. In this article, we examine changes over a 20-year period in two types ...of homophily—the actual level of contact between people in different social categories and the level of contact relative to chance. We use data from the 1985 and 2004 General Social Surveys to ask whether the strengths of five social distinctions—sex, race/ethnicity, religious affiliation, age, and education—changed over the past two decades in core discussion networks. Changes in the actual level of homophily are driven by the demographic composition of the United States. As the nation has become more diverse, cross-category contacts in race/ethnicity and religion have increased. After describing the raw homophily rates, we develop a case-control model to assess homophily relative to chance mixing. We find decreasing rates of homophily for gender but stability for race and age, although the young are increasingly isolated from older cohorts outside of the family. We also find some weak evidence for increasing educational and religious homophily. These relational trends may be explained by changes in demographic heterogeneity, institutional segregation, economic inequality, and symbolic boundaries.
Bu çalışma, Japon devletinin Yakın Doǧu'yu tanımlama arzusu neticesinde 1906 yılının son demlerinde Osmanlı ülkesine giriş yapan Japon Yüzbaşı Haroşiya Hirayama'nın İstanbul'dan Basra'ya uzanan ...seyahatine odaklanmıştır. Japon yüzbaşının, kendi devletinin emperyal amaçları doǧrultusunda gerçekleştirdiǧi bu seyahati sırasında Anadolu, Suriye ve Irak coǧrafyalarında hangi noktaları uǧrak haline getirdiǧi, buraların toplumsal yapıları ile hangi ilişkileri geliştirebildiǧi ve başta Osmanlı Devleti olmak üzere Almanya ve İngiltere gibi dönemin süper güçlerinin onun özelinde bu tarz özel gezilere hangi anlamlar yükledikleri çalışmanın hususi olarak yoǧunlaştıǧı alt başlıkları oluşturmuştur. Çalışma bütün bu alt başlıkları irdelemeye kendini adamakla beraber ayrıca Türkiye'deki arşiv malzemelerini kullanarak Uzak Doǧu çalışmalarına Türkiye'den bir pencere açma hedefini de gütmüştür. Böylece bu yöntemle, Türkiye'de üzerinde çok çalışılmayan Uzak Doǧu devletlerinin tarihinden bir demet sunulmuş ve örnek teşkil ederek daha fazla araştırmacının bu alana yönlenmesi arzu edilmiştir. Son olarak çalışma, emperyalizm olgusunun yalnızca Avrupa devletleri için biçilmiş bir kaftan olduǧu şeklinde Doǧu toplumlarının benimsediǧi inancı kritik ederek esasında Uzak Doǧu'da yer alan devletlerin de tarihi süreç içerisinde zaman zaman bu misyon ile hareket ettiǧi tezini tartışmaya açmıştır.
Sociolinguistics + Art Levon, Erez
Journal of sociolinguistics,
November 2022, Letnik:
26, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
One of the most widespread developments in sociolinguistics over the past 20 years has been the claim that meaning is contingent as opposed to a stable reflection of social structure. A second ...important thread lies in sociolinguistic work insisting on the nature of language as a broad set of communicative practices, attending to a wide range of communicative resources. Perhaps since art is also an attempt to represent, evaluate, and engage with the world around us, a growing number of sociolinguists have begun turning their attention to this field.
Drawing on archival and published documents in several languages, archeological data, and Iroquois oral traditions, The Edge of the Woods explores the ways in which spatial mobility represented the ...geographic expression of Iroquois social, political, and economic priorities. By reconstructing the late precolonial Iroquois settlement landscape and the paths of human mobility that constructed and sustained it, Jon Parmenter challenges the persistent association between Iroquois 'locality' and Iroquois 'culture,' and more fully maps the extended terrain of physical presence and social activity that Iroquois people inhabited. Studying patterns of movement through and between the multiple localities in Iroquois space, the book offers a new understanding of Iroquois peoplehood during this period. According to Parmenter, Iroquois identities adapted, and even strengthened, as the very shape of Iroquois homelands changed dramatically during the seventeenth century.
This article proposes as a transversal axis the analysis of masculinity in unemployed men with families. The aim of this article is to analyse the connotations of field, habitus and capitals based on ...the narratives of unemployed men with families. In order to answer this question, an interpretative paradigm research with an exploratory multiple qualitative case study design with seven lower middle-class men from Bogotá, Colombia, is proposed. By means of a semi-structured biographical interview in which categorical analysis was carried out after axial coding. In the results, the hegemonic expectations of the male gender are recognised as explicit, which are linked to the ideal of well-being that cannot be fulfilled. Social class is dynamic, maintaining constructed fields and hegemonic gender habitus apprehended and stripped of symbolic capital. These conditions together reveal that masculinity is constructed on the basis of hegemonic expectations of what is expected of men within the social structure. It generates tension to assume the change of the field, habitus and capitals at the moment of unemployment.
This book develops the conceptualization of the social structure as one of the central elements of sociology as a science, as well as its empirical concretion from an important sequence of indicators ...and variables. Este libro desarrolla la conceptualización de la estructura social como uno de los elementos centrales de la sociología como ciencia, así como su concreción empírica a partir de una importante secuencia de variables eindicadores.
Why do the poor spend more on lottery tickets than their wealthier and better educated peers? While social scientists generally agree that there is an inverse relationship between socio-economic ...position and patterns of lottery play, there is debate on what factors cause lottery gambling. Using survey data from a nationwide probability sample, we test three sociological approaches – socio-structural, cultural and social network accounts – to explain why the poor play the lottery. While controlling for cognitive bias theory, we find that peer play, educational attainment and self-perceived social deprivation have strong effects on lottery play. Culture, the study finds, plays a much lesser role. Although lottery players demonstrate fatalistic value orientations, it is not a lack of a 'Protestant' work ethic that makes the poor spend proportionally more on lottery tickets. The findings of this study generally point to the importance of social structures in explaining lottery gambling.
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