This intervention aims to analyze the spatial arrangement of the tenants in the different orders of the San Giovanni Grisostomo’s theater during the opening season, through the study of the documents ...from the notary of the Grimani’s brothers (named Fratina), now preserved in the Archivio di Stato di Venezia. The opening years of San Giovanni Grisostomo are significant from a political point of view; tensions within the aristocracy had worsened after the entry of a substantial number of families, obtained thanks to the outlay of a large sum of money. The phenomenon will be so destabilizing that it will take years to reach a new balance in the Maggior Consiglio. The evidence found allow us to affirm that not only the theater layout reflected the divisions within the patriciate, but also that the tenancy of the boxes from some rapidly growing families may have underpinned an intention of social ascent, thanks to the physical closeness between the new acquisitions and the historical affiliates of the patriciate. Finally, it is found that the positioning of some families, ambassadors or important political personalities could become a pretext for the establishment of new alliances.
Do differences in individualism and collectivism influence values, self-concept content, relational assumptions, and cognitive style? On the one hand, the cross-national literature provides an ...impressively consistent picture of the predicted systematic differences; on the other hand, the nature of the evidence is inconclusive. Cross-national evidence is insufficient to argue for a causal process, and comparative data cannot specify if effects are due to both individualism and collectivism, only individualism, only collectivism, or other factors (including other aspects of culture). To address these issues, the authors conducted a meta-analysis of the individualism and collectivism priming literature, with follow-up moderator analyses. Effect sizes were moderate for relationality and cognition, small for self-concept and values, robust across priming methods and dependent variables, and consistent in direction and size with cross-national effects. Results lend support to a situated model of culture in which cross-national differences are not static but dynamically consistent due to the chronic and moment-to-moment salience of individualism and collectivism. Examination of the unique effects of individualism and collectivism versus other cultural factors (e.g., honor, power) awaits the availability of research that primes these factors.
Intersectionality, the mutually constitutive relations among social identities, is a central tenet of feminist thinking and has transformed how gender is conceptualized in research. In this special ...issue, we focus on the intersectionality perspective in empirical research on gender. Our goal is to offer a “best practices” resource that provides models for when and how intersectionality can inform theory and be incorporated into empirical research on psychological questions at individual, interpersonal, and social structural levels. I briefly summarize the development of the intersectionality perspective, and then review how the realization of its promise has been diverted by preoccupation with intersectionality as a methodological challenge. I conclude with a discussion of why intersectionality is an urgent issue for researchers invested in promoting positive social change.
The human being has associated the beings around it with many elements and felt the need to believe in these elements since its existence. In line with that need it worshiped living and non-living ...things in nature as well as joining different religions from time to time. Everything that happens in the life of a person, who is a social being, has also appeared in the language that has been accepted as the building block of culture for centuries. In this direction it is possible to find traces of the Turkish belief system like the political, social, cultural etc. many events and phenomena that have existed from the past to the present in Turkish. One of the elements evaluated in the Turkish belief system is supernatural beings. Supernatural beings, whose effects are seen in both religious and social life, have been associated with many concepts in Turkish and many words/ phrases consisting of these concept names have settled in the terms and vocabulary of the language. The appearances in Turkey Turkish of jinn and satan, which are supernatural beings associated with many concepts and expressions in Turkish vocabulary, will be mentioned in this study and these words/ phrases will be handled with subjecting to a classification within themselves according to their conceptual field.
Statistical models for social networks as dependent variables must represent the typical network dependencies between tie variables such as reciprocity, homophily, transitivity, etc. This review ...first treats models for single (cross-sectionally observed) networks and then for network dynamics. For single networks, the older literature concentrated on conditionally uniform models. Various types of latent space models have been developed: for discrete, general metric, ultrametric, Euclidean, and partially ordered spaces. Exponential random graph models were proposed long ago but now are applied more and more thanks to the non-Markovian social circuit specifications that were recently proposed. Modeling network dynamics is less complicated than modeling single network observations because dependencies are spread out in time. For modeling network dynamics, continuous-time models are more fruitful. Actor-oriented models here provide a model that can represent many dependencies in a flexible way. Strong model development is now going on to combine the features of these models and to extend them to more complicated outcome spaces.
Embracing a Jungian approach, this article explores the Keloğlan stories’ concealed content about an alternative, mature masculinity. The two stories interpreted in this article consider the male ...ego’s journey of individuation by engaging repressed psychic content. This allows the emergence of the mature masculine in the form of the trickster archetype, represented by the “Beardless Miller.” In the beginning the trickster may not appear as a positive figure but as we know him better we develop a different opinion. The trickster is humorous, spontaneous, pluralist, and practical rather than fearless, heroic, rigid or traditional. Beardless Miller enters Keloğlan’s life as an antagonistic character but eventually we see a bond developing between the two. In the end Keloğlan starts resembling the Beardless Miller. This is when his transformation becomes complete. As such, Keloğlan stories present an alternative, humble, but powerful, masculinity. Further, Keloğlan also shows that, despite the patriarchal “ruling culture” in Anatolia, a non-patriarchal form of masculinity has been present in the more “residual cultures” of the region for aeons.
Summary
Organizational members face a motivational dilemma in influencing the social relationships of others: The organization benefits from high connectedness among employees, but personal ...advantages accrue to those who occupy brokerage positions between disconnected others. In this study, we draw on the organizational paradox perspective to argue that the reconciliation of these contrasting objectives lies in recognizing one's agency to facilitate connectedness (closing) within a social structure and the search for new connections (opening) as mutually supportive. Across two field studies, we examine how individuals' advantageous position in an organizational network emerges from the interplay between a tertius iungens orientation to join others in collaboration and network building to open new brokering opportunities. In Study 1, analyses of a sample of two‐wave, cross‐lagged panel data show that a tertius iungens orientation contributes to the number of outgoing ties to other actors via network building. Study 2 uses a network survey to add that a tertius iungens orientation is positively associated with incoming ties from others and network brokerage, and again, these relationships are mediated by network building. Overall, our results indicate that by increasing connectedness in their organizational social network, individuals simultaneously activate opening behaviors that facilitate the expansion of their network, thereby revitalizing their structurally advantageous position.
Globalization is now at its most disjunctive phase in human history. The planetary COVID-19 crisis has combined with the vulnerabilities of global capitalism to break down social routines. Yet, the ...current moment of the Great Unsettling also offers a critical opportunity to take stock of the present state of globalization. To this end, this article revisits and re-engages some pertinent themes raised in the pathbreaking 1990 TCS Global Culture issue. In particular, the article explores the crucial role of structural divergences that have been developing among major formations of globalization. Gaining a better understanding of the current globalization system requires a new conceptual framework that captures different formations of globalization, ranging from the embodied to the disembodied. The multiple disjunctive relationships that have developed among and within these formations shape not only the morphology of the contemporary globalization system but also cast a long shadow on its future dynamics.
In human societies, agents are assumed to experience being the author of their own actions. These basic motoric experiences of action are influenced by social hierarchies, leading to surprising and ...morally significant results. Here we ask whether, under coercion, the sense of agency and responsibility pass from the person who receives orders to the person who gives them. Volunteers took turns to play the roles of 'commander', 'agent' or 'victim' in a task where the commander coerced the agent to deliver painful shocks to the 'victim'. We used 'intentional binding' as an implicit measure of sense of agency in both commanders and agents, in conditions of coercion and free-choice. We observed a reduced sense of agency when agents received coercive instructions, relative to when they freely chose which action to execute. We also found that sense of agency in the commanders was reduced when they coerced agents to administer the shock on their behalf, relative to when they acted by themselves. This last effect was associated with the commander's self-reported level on a psychopathy scale. Thus, coercion resulted in neither commander nor agent feeling agency for the effect of the action, as measured through implicit methods. Our results could have profound implications for social decision-making and social regulation of moral behaviour.
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