InRacial Science in Hitler's New Europe, 1938-1945, international scholars examine the theories of race that informed the legal, political, and social policies aimed against ethnic minorities in ...Nazi-dominated Europe. The essays explicate how racial science, preexisting racist sentiments, and pseudoscientific theories of race that were preeminent in interwar Europe ultimately facilitated Nazi racial designs for a "New Europe."
The volume examines racial theories in a number of European nation-states in order to understand racial thinking at large, the origins of the Holocaust, and the history of ethnic discrimination in each of those countries. The essays, by uncovering neglected layers of complexity, diversity, and nuance, demonstrate how local discourse on race paralleled Nazi racial theory but had unique nationalist intellectual traditions of racial thought.
Written by rising scholars who are new to English-language audiences, this work examines the scientific foundations that central, eastern, northern, and southern European countries laid for ethnic discrimination, the attempted annihilation of Jews, and the elimination of other so-called inferior peoples.
This promising addition to the growing literature on the history of late socialism charts the development of youth culture and politics in socialist Yugoslavia, focusing on the 1980s. Rather than ...examining the 1980s as a mere prelude to the violent collapse of the country in the 1990s, the book recovers the multiplicity of political visions and cultural developments that evolved at the time and that have been largely forgotten in subsequent discussion. The youth of this generation, the author convincingly argues, sought to rearticulate the Yugoslav socialist framework in order to reinvigorate it and 'democratise' it, rather than destroy it altogether.
This study in comparative politics takes two countries with similar historical experiences in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and asks why they had very different responses to the same natural ...shock--the depression of the 1930s. In analyzing their responses, Berman makes a convincing case for the important role ideas play in politics.
This article synthetically presents the key arguments and finding of a recent book of mine (Enterprises, Industry and Innovation in the People's Republic of China: Questioning Socialism from Deng to ...the Trade and Tech War, Springer, 2020) on the gradual evolution of enterprise forms since the inception of rural and industrial reforms and the development of a modern innovation system in China. The book focuses mainly on the multi-causal processes of change occurring in the underlying socioeconomic relations of production and exchange, which cannot be adequately interpreted as a pure manifestation of the simple State-Market opposition. In fact, the complex and evolutionary interactions between state-led industrial and other development-oriented policies, on the one hand, and (relatively) automatic market mechanisms working in a quasi-by-default manner, on the other hand, constitute the essence of China's distinctive economic model. From an epistemological perspective, the conceptual foundations of my work are those of the Classics and of the Marxian tradition, with the twin categories of the mode of production and socioeconomic formation as basic starting points. I try to partly re-interpreted these foundations taking into account the lessons of historical experience, as tools that can help--along with other ones--to understand twenty-first-century complex socioeconomic systems. Keywords: China; market socialism; enterprises; national innovation system
Resumo: O presente artigo contém um ensaio sobre a história das políticas públicas de esporte em Cuba durante o processo de construçâo e manutençâo do socialismo, entre janeiro de 1959 e agosto de ...1990, sob a perspectiva de colocar em discussäo a desportivizaçâo da sociedade cubana durante a experiencia de transiçâo para o socialismo, bem como a parte tomada pelo esporte na formaçao do homem novo e na educaçao das novas geraçöes durante as tres primeiras décadas após a vitória da Revoluçâo de 1959. Palavras-chave: Esporte; Revoluçâo Cubana; Socialismo Abstract: The present article contains an essay about the history of public policies of sport in Cuba during the process of construction and maintenance of socialism, between January 1959 and August 1990, from the perspective to put in discussion the sportivization of cuban society during the experience of transition to socialism, as well the part taken by sport in the formation of new man and in the education of new generations during the first three decades after the victory of Revolution at 1959. Basta uma visita aos sites dos programas de pós-graduaçāo de universidades brasileiras para que se possa constatar o quanto foi negligenciada a possibilidade de conhecer o que se passou com o esporte durante o século XX em sociedades-Estado tais como Cuba, Uniāo Soviética, China, Alemanha Oriental, Tchecoslováquia, Iugoslávia, Hungria, Romenia, Bulgária, Polónia, etc.2 Também a falta de traduçöes para o portugués dos principais livros, teses e artigos científicos sobre o fenômeno esportivo nos países socialistas - quase todos eles publicados originalmente em inglés, alguns dos quais citados neste ensaio - contribuiu para dificultar a apropriaçâo, por parte dos pesquisadores e académicos brasileiros, das principais contribuiçöes dadas a partir da pesquisa histórica para o acúmulo de conhecimento e o aprofundamento da discussâo em torno dessa temática. O agosto de 1990 é, portanto, o mes da anunciaçâo do nascimento de um novo periodo ao longo do qual o Estado cubano propöe-se a adotar um conjunto de medidas sob a perspectiva de conservar o socialismo, ou seja, de adaptá-lo e de ajustá-lo em face da súbita e impactante retraçâo de importaçöes, exportaçöes e investimentos gerada pelo desaparecimento da Uniāo Soviética e pelo colapso do socialismo no Leste Europeu4.
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