Reading constitutes for one of the most important activities, both in work and in education. There are three major components to reading: comprehension, decoding and reading speed. The relationship ...between comprehension and reading speed is a tradeoff; after reaching a certain peak one has to decrease for the other to increase. The knowledge of how fast an average person reads can be a useful tool in planning any activity that requires the use of text, such as a language course. To date Polish linguistics lacks relevant research on the speed of reading with comprehension. The following paper presents part of the doctoral project that aims to answer the questions “How fast and with what level of understanding do Poles read?” The paper sums up two research studies which examined the reading speed and comprehension in Polish of students in the final year of high school and in grade 8 of Polish primary school. Both groups read a non-specific text of medium-difficulty about Sherlock Holmes and completed a 9-item comprehension test. The high school students on average scored 77% on the comprehension test with an average reading speed of 173 words per minute (wpm). On the same text, primary school students scored 66% and read at 156 wpm.
Karya puisi Tere liye menggambarkan perasaan cinta, sajak tentang memiliki, pun tentang melepaskan. Sajak tentang pertemuan, juga tentang perpisahan. Sajak tentang kebahagiaan, juga tentang ...kesedihan. Sajak bergurau, bercanda dengan perasaan. Para pencinta adalah pujangga terbaik yang pernah ada dan kasih sayang pun adalah sumber inspirasi paling deras yang pernah ada. Model sosiologi sastra membuat siswa terkesan dengan sajak tere liye ini karena bermanfaat terhadap sifat-sifat kebaikan dan pendidikan karakter tentang cinta dan kasih sayang. Siswa dalam memahami cinta dan perasaan menjadi seseorang yang kuat, optimis dan tidak mudah putus asa. Masyarakat dengan latar belakang pendidikan, suku, agama, ras, dan antar golongan memahami puisi ini akan mengubah sikap dan perilakunya dalam memahami cinta, dan juga siswa serta masyarakat dapat mengambil manfaat moral dan ideologi dari model sosiologi sastra ini. Tere liye menyadari makna cinta dan perasaan seorang sehingga menghubungan nilai moral dengan sajak atau puisi cinta ini. Seperti makna kasih sayang adalah perasaan ikhlas dan bukan nafsu itu terkadang terjadi pada sebagian orang yang sedang jatuh cinta bukan cinta berlebihan memberikan kasih sayangnya dengan tulus dan ikhlas terhadap orang yang dia sayangi.Kata kunci: Sosiologi sastra, puisi, sastraABSTRACTTere liye's poetry portrays the feelings of love, the poem about having, and about releasing. The poem about the meeting, also about separation. The poem about happiness, also about sadness. Sok jokes, jokes with feelings. Lovers are the best poets ever and love is the most powerful source of inspiration ever. The model of sociology of literature makes students impressed with this tere liye poem because it is beneficial to the virtues and character education of love and affection. Students in understanding love and feeling become someone who is strong, optimistic and not easily despair. People with educational, ethnic, religious, racial, and interreligious backgrounds understand this poetry will change their attitudes and behavior in understanding love, and also students and society can take the moral and ideological benefits of this model of sociology of literature. Tere Liye realizes the meaning of one's love and feelings so as to connect moral values with this poem or love poem. Like the meaning of affection is a sense of sincere and not lust sometimes happens to some people who are in love instead of excessive love to give affection sincerely and sincerely towards the person he cares about.
Classical Arabic poetry, which constitutes an important aspect of Islamic Civilization, has a critical function in understanding Islamic texts, especially the Qur'an and hadith. In this context, the ...poetry of Jahiliyyah, which is the source of the Qur'an's style and its expressive power (expression/utterance), is important in terms of having the mentioned function. The work, which was introduced, fills a significant gap in the field by referring to the indicated function of the poem of Jahiliyyah in a theoretical and practical sense. The work analyzes selected eulogies from the poems of important poets of the Jahiliyyah period in a deep way, taking into account the morphological and syntactic functions of the language. The work, which refers to the elements that should be considered in the analysis of poetry through the texts, draws attention with its didactic and dialectical style, on which the taste for language is based.
In 1811, the poetic academy of Toulouse awarded an epistle about hope in medical practice, by Jean-Marie Caillau, a now unknown physician who combined medicine and writing. This article provides ...contextualizing and close reading. It presents Caillau’s works and reputation, and highlights how he defined himself as a doctor-writer. Then it focuses on the didactic epistle, in which hope is regarded as a moral palliative, or a soothing and comforting illusion that the empathetic clinician prescribes to incurable, moribund and suffering people. The study of the text reveals the significant use of the peritext, the strong connection between medical discourse and poetical devices, and the praise of an eloquent physician at the patient’s bedside. By correlating hope and eloquence, Caillau embodies and promotes the dual figure of the doctorpoet. This article thus explores the fruitful and sometimes challenging interplay between medicine and poetry during the early 19th century.
If one assumes the encounter with others as an elementary and universal anthropological experience and if one understands it as an integral part of social processes and the formation of cultural ...identity, it turns out to be a highly topical topic. In a series of conversations that the editors conducted between 2019 and 2021 during a tense time marked by Covid-19, mass quarantine ('lockdown') and the associated social problems, the topic of encounters with strangers proved to be an intellectual challenge. Particularly in view of the precarious socio-political situation such as the so-called refugee crisis and its consequences, the strengthening of right-wing populism and growing xenophobia, the increasing intolerance towards foreigners, as well as the use of right-wing populist rhetoric and the resulting uncertainty among the population, very elementary ones arose again Questions that are closely related to this topic: How should one meet the stranger, how should one accept it and deal with diversity? How do you behave in the face of "foreign infiltration" and the associated changes and challenges in society? We took these questions as an opportunity to plan the international conference Foreign Encounters: Alterity and German-language Contemporary Literature, which then took place in June 2021 at the University of Ljubljana and partly via video link, and the results of which are collected in the present volume in a representative selection and by two further articles on the subject (Lénárt, Kuzminykh) are added.
The article, apart from examining briefly the reception of Leonard Cohen`s art and persona by the critics, presents him also as a writer preoccupied with ethical issues. It will be demonstrated that, ...along with creating his own eclectic spiritual system by synthesizing elements borrowed from different religions and wisdom traditions, Cohen has been also influenced by the socio-political situation in Canada and worldwide. Hence, Cohen`s art will be discussed in relation to the post-Holocaust reality, the Quiet Revolution in Quebec, the sexual liberation, the process of Canada becoming a “postmodern country”, as well as cultural changes, such as the shifting position of the popular culture. The article aims also at highlighting the postcolonial and postmodern elements in Cohen`s oeuvre, inasmuch as Cohen has been argued to be one of the first Canadian representatives of these literary trends.
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