The purpose of the article is to confirm the peculiarity of expert research of printed publications from the standpoint of modern research as a separate field of professional knowledge that combines ...bibliography, history, and art of books, book monuments and emphasizes the importance of source data and preservation status in formulating expert opinions, clarify the parameters to rare or valuable publications. Research methodology. Analytical, historical, epistemological-axiological, and theoretical generalization methods were used to achieve the goal to specify the problem of expert activity. Scientific novelty the obtained results consist in theoretical comprehension of information from art and bibliographic sources, methods of examination of book editions, algorithm and sequence of work of the expert, differences of concepts "rare book" and "valuable book" are covered. Conclusions. To understand the place of expertise in the system of protection and promotion of cultural property, the systematization of existing basic concepts related to book editions was carried out. The process of expert research of book editions begins with a visual, optical, and physical study of the state of preservation, attribution, and identification of the circumstances that caused the damage and ends with the display of the monument in the museum space. The study outlined the sequence of examination of book editions, which determined the interaction of the following three concepts: data collection on the object of study; consultations with museum researchers and research institutions; specified parameters for classifying publications as rare or valuable books.
Il y a des oeuvres littéraires appartenant à la litterature pour les enfants qui sont recommandées à un très jeune âge et qui contiennent des faits criminels. Cet article met en évidence les effets ...négatifs de ces types de textes et signale la necessité de limiter/censurer les actes répréhensibles conformément aux reglémentations en vigueur en France en tenant compte de leur impact négatif du point de vue émotionnel ou des faits.
The article deals with the ethnoimages in Vasyl Makhno`s novel The Eternal Calendarwith the help of the dominant imagological method. The study focuses on issues relevant in the era of globalization ...of the interaction between own and other within the limits of the topos presented in the text. The article investigates the religious images that form a certain archetypal code in the representation of each ethnic image. The study also analyzes the religious code role and functions in the author`s image creation process. It considers the context of the ethnocultural borderland as the space in which different other nations function, where their cultural boundaries were set in the light of the historical and political background of events developed in the novel The Eternal Calendar. The research examines the interaction between Ukrainians’ self-image and the heteroimages of Armenians, Jews, Poles and Ottomans in its religious aspects and does so within the polyphony of borderlands. The article proves that the leitmotif of Vasyl Makhno`s novel is an invisible ideological confrontation between representatives of certain faiths, which is most vividly represented in the apocalyptic codes of the epic about the Messiah.
After Dostoevsky’s death, it became necessary to collect all his texts for the publication of the Complete Works. There was a difficulty connected to the anonymous and pseudonymous materials ...published by the writer. Anna Grigorievna gathered a meeting to discuss the inclusion of such articles in the corpus of the writer’s texts. As a result, a decision was made to reject materials not signed by Dostoevsky. This was the first experience of compiling a posthumous collection of the writer’s works. The question of anonymous and pseudonymous articles in publications edited by Dostoevsky remained open and required further study. For the first time, anonymous texts were included in the publication dedicated to Dostoevsky by L. P. Grossman. He insisted on the importance of all the materials that the writer was working on. In the future, the publishers had the task of forming a complete corpus of Dostoevsky’s texts. Over more than a hundred years, a lot of work has been carried out to identify the authors of the materials published in “Grazhdanin” (“The Citizen”): active discussions and discussions of attributions continue, new hypotheses of text authorship are put forward, unknown authors of publications published under pseudonyms are revealed, information about the employees of “Grazhdanin” and the writer’s correspondents is supplemented, the features of Dostoevsky’s editorial work are studied. The result of the great work of I. Zohrab and V. A. Viktorovich were the prepared chronological listing of “Grazhdanin” of 1873–1874, indicating the authors of anonymous and pseudonymous articles. This article provides an overview of studies on the attribution of materials from “Grazhdanin.” The problem of attribution in “Grazhdanin” has not yet been resolved. It is necessary to look for new ways to solve it, because this will help to fully appreciate Dostoevsky’s contribution to the concept and editorial policy of the publication.
Cengiz Aytmatov, who is one of the distinguished writers not only of Kyrgyz literature but also of all Turkish world literatures, is known to have special interactions between space and people in ...many of his works. It is possible to say that one of the main pillars of the author, who develops an eye-opening understanding of human psychology in his works, is the knowledge of geography, nature, space and place to which he is passionately attached. In this respect, the spatial elements in the works of the author, who are seen to deal with issues such as environmental problems and the deterioration of the human essence in parallel with the deterioration of the natural balance, in his stories and novels appear as the main determinants in reaching "human" and understanding "human". It is certain that detailed spatial studies on Aitmatov's works will create awareness in terms of understanding the author and the characters he creates in his works. In this respect, this article focuses on the subject of space and identity in Cengiz Aytmatov's novel The Ala Dog Running on the Seashore. The character of the place in the work has dimensions beyond visual and spatial features. It is seen that many spatial units of nature are symbolized through an identity value and take place in the novel as a spiritual value in terms of culture. Every effort to glorify and mythologize the place in the work has resulted in the place gaining a unique identity and its inhabitants owning it. This situation shows parallelism with the phenomenon of "owning" the place where people live. Spatial units, which are mostly told from the eyes and point of view of the child character Kirisk in the novel, are shaped around the concept of "owning" through place identity. In this context, in this article, the identity value of the place in the work is read through the phenomenon of place identity and the process of transition from place identity to identity around the concept of "owning" is mentioned.
A large volume of anonymous articles that may have been written by Dostoevsky was published in the “Vremya” and “Epokha” journals, and in the weekly “Grazhdanin.” Their significance is great: in ...feuilletons, criticism and polemical articles, the writer developed a new ideological direction -“pochvennichestvo.” Over the past fifty years, the corpus of texts that are attributed to Dostoevsky with confidence has significantly expanded. Extensive trial and error experience has been accumulated in their attribution, which allows to pose and solve a number of methodological problems. An almost indisputable criterion of belonging is the author’s literary signature, however, in journalistic practice, the signed text is not always composed by the person who signed it - sometimes the authorship belongs to the editor or editorial staff. Dostoevsky himself published a number of his articles under the name of M. M. Dostoevsky, “the family of M. M. Dostoevsky,” A. U. Poretsky, V. P. Meshchersky. Anonymity was a condition for the publication of numerous articles. The editors bought the text, adapted it to the journal’s vector, corrected the beginning and ending, made inserts and notes, the editor often rewrote someone else’s text, sometimes worked on compilations. Currently, a new stage of discussion of attribution problems has begun. Previously unpublished sources have been introduced into scientific circulation - in particular, handwritten income-expense and fee books of the 1860s-1865s, which were initially kept by M. M. Dostoevsky, and then by F. M. Dostoevsky. Their study expands the researchers’ arguments. The use of mathematical methods is of great importance in determining authorship. Most of the existing mathematical attribution techniques are untenable; first and foremost, they do not even convince mathematicians themselves. There are proven methods that allow to substantiate with a high degree of persuasiveness the authorship and co-authorship of Dostoevsky in writing anonymous and pseudonymous articles, and to reveal his editing of other authors’ texts. Further improvement of statistical methods in determining authorship is required.
The article is devoted to the theme of people with disabilities in modern Ukrainian literature. The purpose of the article is to analyze the issues which a person with Tourette’s syndrome has in ...modern society, as described in the novel (In)visible by Ivan Baidak. Based on the interpretation, it can be concluded that in the novel, the presence of characters with disabilities is marked by the physical condition of the author himself. With their help, he seeks not only to declare his own values and guidelines, but also to persuade people to accept the Other as a part of society. The desire for understanding, love and support fails due to the prevailing stereotypes in society, in which there is often no place for the protagonist Adam, because for people he remains the Other, a Stranger, or, as the author says at the beginning of the novel, the “Unlike”. In addition, the novel aims to help people with disabilities understand themselves and, most importantly, accept their uniqueness and learn to love themselves.
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