It is an accepted fact at the beginning of the nineteenth century that writers have been influenced by the conditions of their social life. But another sociology of literature, inverse but ...complementary to the first, was developed, based on the assumption that literature had an influence on the social conditions of existence - both writers and readers And, through their channels, of the whole "society". From Madame de Stael and throughout the nineteenth century, this study follows the deployment of this new sociology which took to heart to explore the reciprocal of the formula bonaldienne (literature as "expression of society") If we think then that literature has a social influence, it is because during the Romantic period there was a major revolution affecting the sphere of influence of the literature: its action is not exerted Not only in the world of ideas, but in the sphere of practical life. This increased influence of literature on manners was accentuated by the romantic theories which insisted that literature should cease to be a bookish matter in order to be in direct contact with life, and to make writers not only masters of thought, but also Of the masters to live. This article then considers some of the consequences of this formatting, which, because of the new media order, contributes to the definition of stereotyped lifestyles ("poet life", "artist life", "life" Of bohemia "). But this formatting also influences the writers themselves, led to adopt habits in accordance with their literary choices: which means that the main auctorial scenarios have engendered ready-to-live. The next generation, that of Flaubert, denounced such a link of necessity between literature and life, characteristic of romanticism rejected. But, paradoxically, the Flaubertian revolution amounts to making literature continue to govern the lives of writers, who are now called upon to live a non-life in conformity with the new literary religion.
The novel is a plot of life that narrates a period of time and the culture of the society in a narrative way, describing the passages and difficulties of life by situating characters and events. This ...description is accompanied by a presentation of the life plan. Women as part of society, life, and culture have contributed to the development of the narrative, and what has been shown to them is the idealistic, critical, or corrective view of the author. One of the most prominent narrative novels of the last hundred years in Iran, the novel of Keleydar features women such as Balqis, Zivar, Maral, and Shirou trying to put women in front of men and make life meaningful. Dolatabadi has used the theory of community representation in storytelling and has shown less critical, corrective, and idealistic perspectives that have made the educational part of the story difficult. This study criticizes the position of women in the novel of Keyler, expressing deficiencies and disregarding the teachings of critics such as Goldman and Barth, which has seriously challenged the novel's inspiring position.
This article proposes a form of research that integrates reader study with textual analysis. Its purpose is to investigate the social production of literary value, potentially providing cultural ...sociology with a systematic means by which to study the formal features of texts in relation to their social significance: a means arguably required by (but not necessarily supplied in) the work of Pierre Bourdieu. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of reading group (or ‘book club’) discussions reveals an association between descriptive writing, cultural legitimacy, and a focus on the form, rather than the content, of fictional texts. In order to understand this association, the analysis then turns to two paragraphs from John Steinbeck’s The Pearl (2000 1946), which had been read by most of the groups involved and which many group members had referred to as involving ‘description’. It is argued that a long-standing tradition of association between descriptive writing and visual art has served as a resource both for consumers and for producers in distinguishing literature from popular fiction.
Este artigo aproxima os romances Fogo morto (de 1943), de José Lins do Rego, e Cidade de Deus (de 1997), de Paulo Lins, explorando a hipótese de que, ao figurarem aspectos de processos de crise ...social, as narrativas acionem a violência como mediação privilegiada das relações entre os indivíduos e destes com o Estado. Nesses termos, os conflitos em torno da autoridade e do poder estabelecem os nexos entre forma literária e processo social, possibilitando uma análise dos limites à efetivação dos direitos sociais e, consequentemente, da afirmação da igualdade como princípio regulador da vida republicana brasileira.
Literary Works such as novels and stories depict a fictional world designed by creative writers. Reality, aestheticized by literary arts, appears in the text as “literary reality”. However, even ...Works woven with imagination and fantastic elements offer clues about the facts of the society in which they exist. “Humor” is a branch of literature that, with its irony-laden language, can undertake criticism of the social structure and system when appropriate, as an expression of the society it is in. As an opposition intellectual and humorist, Aziz Nesin criticized “modern sports”, an element of social structure, in his texts with his perspective of humor for the benefit of the public. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the author’s novel “King of Goals” from a sociological perspective. Rather than an understanding of analysis that takes into account text-related elements such as style, narrative elements, form and aesthetics; the “Sociology of Literature” method which focuses on penetrating the realities of society through fictional text has been adopted. In this context, the approach that took into account the “Literary Map”-“Objective Map” comparison suggested by Ömer Naci Soykan and the message of the novel was applied. In the novel the distorted understanding of sports is depicted and a sports system that is not beneficial to society is criticized. The corrupt relations network around the main characters, the heiress Sait Sarıoğlu and the tabloid figure Kerkenez Sevim and the intrigues in the football world are revealed in an ironic manner. The phenomena such as playful club managers, sloppy reporting and manipulatiin in the sports press, football-politics relationship, and match-fixing are a product of macro social system. Millions of people who make up the society watch and talk about sports rather than doing it for fitness, health and strengthening. Rather than focusing on the real country’s problems, the negative situations and people in a society where everyone from age to age are fascinated by sports pages and are addicted to football are portrayed. In the final analysis, it can be said that the work criticizes society through football.
In the 19th century, Turcophone communities of the Ottoman Empire displayed a keen interest in European fiction. This study questions whether translating European works was simply linguistic ...substitution or rather had intrinsic dimensions such as cultural appropriation. It also investigates the reciprocity of literary production, and offers some observations on how translation influences and inspires "the making of literature". The methods used are mainly based on statistical interpretation of bibliographic data and comparative sociological analysis. Turkish works printed in Arabic, Armenian and Greek alphabets are the objects of investigation. The findings demonstrate that translation in the Ottoman mind is actually an active literary appropriation primarily due to differences in the criterion of "modern fiction" from European standards where the differences are exaggerated by the Ottoman notion of translation, lending the translator liberating space and opportunity to interfere with the original text. Moreover, the intermingling between the oral and print cultures that obscures the definition of literary genres adds another level of complexity. It is also revealed that the millets of the Empire affected each other's choice and taste resulting in a web of interactions that exhibit the literary market and literary "canon" of the period.
This paper aims to present a sociology of literary studies that is distinguished from the sociology of literature in that its focus is on literary studies as a social practice rather than as a ...socio-cultural institution: how literary studies is institutionalized as such not how it functions in relation to literature. The sociological analysis of literary studies in this paper entails two tasks. Firstly, it constructs a methodological frame within which literary studies can be observed and analysed in terms of the rules of discursive formation rather than as a pre-discursive entity. This is achieved through conceptualizing the Foucauldian notion of discursive formation and knowledge practice as an analytic strategy and operationalising it via Paul Dowling's Social Activity Method. Empirically, the analysis produces a description of the practice of literary studies as instantiated in the particular region of the practice constituted with what I refer to as the crisis discourse. The analysis describes literary studies as that which is emergent upon differing institutionalising strategies articulated by its participants to mark out literary studies from other practices and to maintain its disciplinarity through regulating the distribution and the access of the distribution of the discourse within and beyond the practice. The generalisability of the research in this paper lies in the applicability of the analytical method that can be employed at any given level of analysis to examine discursive practice—such as literary studies—as the effects of the particular discourses in terms of how they articulate and sustain the institutionalised identity of the practice.
The article concerns interpersonal relations in the 18th century. Selected comedies of the Enlightenment, in which images of fashionable ladies can be seen, have been characterized. Among them are ...Umizgi dla przysługi by Jan Drozdowski and Powrót posła by Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz. These comedies show women who have given in to a bitter and materialistic world. The pursuit of money, they have led to a shuffling of life’s overarching values. The marriage is presented as an economic transaction. In the life of a partially emancipated woman, love recedes into the background. The model for the above-mentioned works is a satire by Ignacy Krasicki titled Żona modna, which shows that during the Enlightenment the reason for getting married was mainly financial or social status.
This article presents an intercultural and interdisciplinary exchange project for German language and literature students at Sofia University and history students at Alpen-Adria University ...Klagenfurt. Starting with a brief description of the role of one's own historical consciousness in foreign language teaching, the project is discussed. Afterwards, the goals and the process of the project History Images in Bulgaria and Austria will be described. The project is then evaluated from the point of view of some of the students, based on reports of their experiences and their results. The paper aims to encourage similar international projects in German studies abroad.
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