The feasibility of using the efficient selection wavelength regions in FT-NIR for a rapid and conclusive determination of fruit inner qualities such as soluble solid content (SSC) of apples was ...investigated. An apple's NIRS acquisition device was developed in this study. With this device, the apple was rolling while collecting the NIR spectroscopy. Graphically-oriented local multivariate calibration modeling procedures called interval partial least-squares (iPLS), backward interval partial least-squares (BiPLS), forward interval partial least-squares (FiPLS), genetic algorithm interval partial least-squares (GA-iPLS) and genetic algorithm partial least-squares (GA-PLS) were applied to select the efficient spectral regions that provide the lowest prediction error, in comparison to the full-spectrum model. The optimal combinations of 12 spectral intervals among 40 intervals which selected by BiPLS yielded a good result (RMSEC
=
0.39286,
r
c
=
0.953, RMSEP
=
0.4531,
r
p
=
0.924), and the optimal combinations of 14 spectral intervals among 40 intervals which selected by FiPLS also yielded good results (RMSEC
=
0.4027,
r
c
=
0.948, RMSEP
=
0.4424,
r
p
=
0.927). The intervals selected by BiPLS were not the same with those selected by FiPLS, due to different algorithms employed in these two methods. The five intervals selected by GA-iPLS which contained 360 variables were used as calibration set in GA-PLS model. 45 variables were selected in the best prediction ability of the GA-PLS models (RMSEP
=
0.414). These procedures allow the simultaneous determination of other internal quality of fruits.
We established prediction models based on the combination of spectral and different advanced image features to improve the prediction accuracy of solid-soluble content (SSC) of apple. Eight optimal ...wavelengths were selected using a new variable selection method called variable combination population analysis (VCPA). Image textural features of the first three principal component score images were obtained using a gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and a local binary pattern (LBP). Next, a random frog algorithm was developed to select optimal textural features for further analysis. A support vector regression (SVR) model based on spectral and different textural features was developed to predict the SSC of the apple. The model based on eight optimal wavelengths and nine optimal GLCM features of principal component images yielded the best result with the determination coefficient for prediction (R
p
2
) of 0.9193, root mean square error for prediction (RMSEP) of 0.2955, and the ratio of the standard deviation of the prediction set to the root mean square error of prediction (RPD) with a value of 3.50. These results revealed that the spectral combined with optimal GLCM features from principal component images coupled with the SVR model has the potential for prediction of the SSC of apple.
Harvest date is generally established by monitoring small batches of fruit prior to harvest for changes in maturity parameters such as firmness, starch index, and total soluble solid content using ...destructive methods. Substituting this method with nondestructive visible-near infrared (VIS-NIR) spectrophotometers could save manpower hours and improve accuracy for harvesting for prolonged storage. Six hundred apples (Malusdomestica Borkh.) from three different orchards for each of three cultivars, “Granny Smith,” “Pink Lady,” and “Starking” were used to build calibration and validation models in different spectral regions. Two instruments, VIS-NIR (340–1,014 nm) and short-wavelength near-infrared (SWIR) (850–1,888 nm) spectrophotometers, measured the apples at harvest both in a static position and on a moving cell conveyer, and these measurements were used to predict total soluble solid (TSS) content, titratable acidity (TA), and firmness at harvest and after 2, 4, and 6 months of 0 °C storage. Starch was also predicted at harvest. The best R ² values were for TSS and starch (0.86 to 0.91) while TA and firmness predictions were less precise (0.53 to 0.78). The findings of the study indicate that the method offers potential for nondestructive prediction of ripeness and quality parameters of different cultivars of apples originating from different orchards. Moreover, the method enables forecasting of apple internal composition changes during storage based on the spectral signature at the time of harvest. Application of the results of this study could serve as a basis for the development of an automatic system for forecasting of apple internal composition change and of a sorting system.
In this study, it is aimed to determine the yield and quality attributes of 25 Sultani Çekirdeksiz grape types that are prominent in terms of certain characteristics. For this purpose, data were ...collected during the harvest for 2 years in the grape types of the Manisa Vineyard Research Institute and Sultani Çekirdeksiz types that were grown under the same conditions. As a result; Number of clusters per grapevine varied between 16.0-52.5; cluster weights varied between 337.5- 587.5 g; yields varied between 8.9-22.6 kg. Berry weights varied between 139-306 g and TTS values varied between 17.9- 22.4%. It is thought that the differences in quality attributes of Sultani Çekirdeksiz grape types were mostly resulted from differences in genetics. Vegetatively propagated plants (such as grapes) may have mutations for various reasons. This situation should always be taken into consideration.
Exploring a cost-effective and high-accuracy optical detection method is of great significance in promoting fruit quality evaluation and grading sales. Apples are one of the most widely economic ...fruits, and a qualitative and quantitative assessment of apple quality based on soluble solid content (SSC) was investigated via visible (Vis) spectroscopy in this study. Six pretreatment methods and principal component analysis (PCA) were utilized to enhance the collected spectra. The qualitative assessment of apple SSC was performed using a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) combined with second-order derivative (SD) and Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing. The SD-SG-PCA-BPNN model's classification accuracy was 87.88%. To improve accuracy and convergence speed, a dynamic learning rate nonlinear decay (DLRND) strategy was coupled with the model. After that, particle swarm optimization (PSO) was employed to optimize the model. The classification accuracy was 100% for testing apples via the SD-SG-PCA-PSO-BPNN model combined with a Gaussian DLRND strategy. Then, quantitative assessments of apple SSC values were performed. The correlation coefficient (
) and root-square-mean error for prediction (RMSEP) in testing apples were 0.998 and 0.112 °Brix, surpassing a commercial fructose meter. The results demonstrate that Vis spectroscopy combined with the proposed synthetic model has significant value in qualitative and quantitative assessments of apple quality.
Tree, leaf, pod and seed morphology, as well as pod biochemistry of 36 wild-grown carob genotypes sampled from rural areas in Marmaris district located at western Turkey, were investigated. Leaf and ...pod dimensions, pod and seed weight, seed ratio, pod and seed colour and shape and surface traits were investigated. Soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity, vitamin C and protein and dietary fibre contents were also detected. Results showed significant differences for all quantitative traits, although differences are more pronounced for some pod (weight, width, length and thickness) and seed characteristics (weight, dimensions and ratio). Pod and seed colour, shape and surface qualitative threats were found to be quite variable among genotypes. The majority of genotypes had an open tree growth habit. Leaf length and width were found to be between 8.04 cm (M19) and 11.60 cm (M12) and 8.40 cm (M2) and 12.04 cm (M12) among genotypes. Pod weight ranged from 8.3 g (M35) to 29.5 g (M3) in the wild genotypes. The average pod dimensions (width, length and thickness) were between 14.27 and 23.38 mm, 12.54 and 21.67 cm and 4.80 and 8.37 mm, respectively. The SSC ranged from 49.36 to 69.36% in the pods of wild carob genotypes. The results of this study indicate a good genetic resource potential of Turkish wild carob populations for future breeding programmes.
The potassium (K) in top dressing fertilization is used for beetroot production in Brazil. However, most of K studies are made with fertilization before planting, and it is not known the real need of ...this K top dressing after fertilization with K and organic matter before planting. So this work aimed to evaluate the production and quality of beetroot under different rates of organic compost at planting and K top dressing fertilization. The experiment was carried out in Sao Manuel-SP, Brazil, with ten treatments (5 x 2 factorial scheme), in a randomized blocks experimental design, with four replications. Five rates (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 t ha-1) of organic compost applied at planting, in the presence (60 kg ha-1 of K2O) or absence of K top dressing fertilization were evaluated. The traits related to production evaluated were: average weight, diameter and length of roots, yield and K content in shoot and root. For the physicochemical quality of roots, pH, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, index ratio, texture, reducing, non-reducing and total sugar were evaluated. The K top dressing fertilization did not affect the production traits; however, it increases the contents of K in shoot and root and the contents of non-reducing and total sugars. The rates of the compost do not affect the quality traits, but the rate of 49 t ha-1 resulted in the maximum root yield estimated in 43 t ha-1 of roots.
A strawberry Multi-parent Advanced Generation Intercrosses (MAGIC) population, derived from crosses using six strawberry cultivars was successfully developed. The population was composed of 338 ...individuals; genome conformation was evaluated by expressed sequence tag-derived simple short repeat (EST-SSR) markers. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) based on EST-SSR marker polymorphisms revealed that the MAGIC population was a mosaic of the six founder cultivars and covered the genomic regions of the six founders evenly. Fruit quality related traits, including days to flowering (DTF), fruit weight (FW), fruit firmness (FF), fruit color (FC), soluble solid content (SC), and titratable acidity (TA), of the MAGIC population were evaluated over two years. All traits showed normal transgressive segregation beyond the founder cultivars and most traits, except for DTF, distributed normally. FC exhibited the highest correlation coefficient overall and was distributed normally regardless of differences in DTF, FW, FF, SC, and TA. These facts were supported by PCA using fruit quality related values as explanatory variables, suggesting that major genetic factors, which are not influenced by fluctuations in other fruit traits, could control the distribution of FC. This MAGIC population is a promising resource for genome-wide association studies and genomic selection for efficient strawberry breeding.
The global demand for renewable sources fuel has rapidly increased in the past years. Sweet sorghum has stood out for being of technically and economically viable alternative for supplying raw ...materials to distilleries. This research aimed to select, simultaneously, pre-commercial sweet sorghum hybrids with high adaptability and stability, via mixed models, in six different environments. The experiments were conducted in the off-season of 2015/16 and 2016/17 in environments of the Brazilian Cerrado. Sixteen pre-commercial sweet sorghum hybrids were evaluated. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with three replications. In each trial, fresh and dry matter yield, soluble solids content, and ethanol yield were evaluated. The variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood. For each trait, the simultaneous selection for stability and adaptability was performed by the statistics of the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values. Genotype × environment interaction was recorded significant for all the traits. Among the sorghum hybrids evaluated, N43A1001 stood out for obtaining the highest genotypic means for the evaluated traits, besides showing adaptability and stability for these traits. Therefore, this study demonstrated the possibility of obtaining high ethanol yield from sweet sorghum cultivated in the sugarcane off-season, in the Brazilian Cerrado, that would help and reduce the high fluctuation of ethanol’s supply and price in the Brazilian market.
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