Sovereignty versus Influence Häkkinen, Teemu; Kaarkoski, Miina
Contributions to the history of concepts,
12/2018, Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
It is not a coincidence that perceptions of sovereignty were key reasons
why the United Kingdom referendum on European Union membership
ended in a victory for the Leave side. In this article, we will ...apply methods
of conceptual history to parliamentary debates in order to trace the development
of sovereignty as a political concept in Europe-related debates
through studies of four periods between 1945 and 2016. We will show that
both supporters and opponents of European unity deliberately used the
British position on sovereignty in political struggles throughout the analyzed
period. The concept was used above all to describe the traditional
view of the supremacy of British parliamentary sovereignty, but it was also
used for different purposes to create a perception of how sovereignty could
or could not be modified in dealing with an integrating Europe.
Data have become the new global currency, and a powerful force in making decisions and wielding power. As the world engages with open data, big data reuse, and data linkage, what do data-driven ...futures look like for communities plagued by data inequities? Indigenous data stakeholders and non-Indigenous allies have explored this question over the last three years in a series of meetings through the Research Data Alliance (RDA). Drawing on RDA and other gatherings, and a systematic scan of literature and practice, we consider possible answers to this question in the context of Indigenous peoples vis-á-vis two emerging concepts: Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance. Specifically, we focus on the data challenges facing Native nations and the intersection of data, tribal sovereignty, and power. Indigenous data sovereignty is the right of each Native nation to govern the collection, ownership, and application of the tribe’s data. Native nations exercise Indigenous data sovereignty through the interrelated processes of Indigenous data governance and decolonizing data. This paper explores the implications of
Indigenous data sovereignty and Indigenous data governance
for Native nations and others. We argue for the repositioning of authority over Indigenous data back to Indigenous peoples. At the same time, we recognize that there are significant obstacles to rebuilding effective Indigenous data systems and the process will require resources, time, and partnerships among Native nations, other governments, and data agents.
The Caucasus region of Eurasia, wedged in between the Black and Caspian Seas, encompasses the modern territories of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, as well as the troubled republic of Chechnya in ...southern Russia. A site of invasion, conquest, and resistance since the onset of historical record, it has earned a reputation for fearsome violence and isolated mountain redoubts closed to outsiders. Over extended efforts to control the Caucasus area, Russians have long mythologized stories of their countrymen taken captive by bands of mountain brigands.
InThe Captive and the Gift, the anthropologist Bruce Grant explores the long relationship between Russia and the Caucasus and the means by which sovereignty has been exercised in this contested area. Taking his lead from Aleksandr Pushkin's 1822 poem "Prisoner of the Caucasus," Grant explores the extraordinary resonances of the themes of violence, captivity, and empire in the Caucasus through mythology, poetry, short stories, ballet, opera, and film. Grant argues that while the recurring Russian captivity narrative reflected a wide range of political positions, it most often and compellingly suggested a vision of Caucasus peoples as thankless, lawless subjects of empire who were unwilling to acknowledge and accept the gifts of civilization and protection extended by Russian leaders.
Drawing on years of field and archival research, Grant moves beyond myth and mass culture to suggest how real-life Caucasus practices of exchange, by contrast, aimed to control and diminish rather than unleash and increase violence. The result is a historical anthropology of sovereign forms that underscores how enduring popular narratives and close readings of ritual practices can shed light on the management of pluralism in long-fraught world areas.
We live today in the first global system of sovereign states in history, encompassing all of the world's polities, peoples, religions and civilizations. Christian Reus-Smit presents a new account of ...how this system came to be, one in which struggles for individual rights play a central role. The international system expanded from its original European core in five great waves, each involving the fragmentation of one or more empires into a host of successor sovereign states. In the most important, associated with the Westphalian settlement, the independence of Latin America, and post-1945 decolonization, the mobilization of new ideas about individual rights challenged imperial legitimacy, and when empires failed to recognize these new rights, subject peoples sought sovereign independence. Combining theoretical innovation with detailed historical case studies, this book advances a new understanding of human rights and world politics, with individual rights deeply implicated in the making of the global sovereign order.
This article analyzes how the notion of “sovereignty” has been and is still mobilized in the realm of the digital. This notion is increasingly used to describe various forms of independence, control, ...and autonomy over digital infrastructures, technologies, and data. Our analysis originates from our previous and current research with activist “tech collectives” where we observed a use of the notion to emphasize alternative technological practices in a way that significantly differs from a governmental policy perspective. In this article, we review several publications in order to show the difference, if not diverging ways in which the notion is being conceptualized, in particular by different groups. We show that while the notion is generally used to assert some form of collective control on digital content and/or infrastructures, the precise interpretations, subjects, meanings, and definitions of sovereignty can significantly differ.
THE IMAGINARY ESTABLISHES ITSELF AS A FERTILE FIELD FOR THINKING ON THE MULTIPLE RELATIONS THAR EXIST AND ARE EXPERIENCED THROUGH THE HUMAN REALITY. ISSUES RELATED TO THE SOCIOECONOMIC, PHYSICAL, ...BIOTIC AND POLITICAL DISCUSSIONS, AMONG OTHERS, CAN BE EXPLORED FROM A STRUCTURE GROUNDED ON THE IMAGINATION. IN THIS CASE, LITERATURE APPEARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF REPRESENTATION OF (UN)KNOWN REALITIES THAT CAN BE READ FROM SEVERAL PERSPECTIVES, AS MENTIONED ABOVE. THE WORK OF J. R. R. TOLKIEN ENTITLED "THE LORD OF THE RINGS" PRESENTS ITSELF AS AN ARCHETYPE OF COMPLEX IMAGINATION IN WHICH DIFFERENT SOCIETIES ARE PRESENTED AS HAVING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL RELATIONS AMONG THEMSELVES. THIS WORK, FROM ITS OWN COMPLEXITY, PRESENTS ITSELF AS AN EXCELLENT STAGE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPERIENCES ON THE DIFFERENT SPHERES THAT COMPOSE THE HUMAN REALITY. FURTHER INFORMATION IN TOLKIEN'S WORK REFERS TO THE DYNAMICS OF POWER THAT MAY BE AN INDICATOR OF POLICY AMONG THOSE EXISTING IN MIDDLE-EARTH. IN THIS SENSE, THE OBJECTIVE OF THE PRESENT STUDY IS TO ANALYSE, FROM THE REALIZED WORK, HOW THE POWER IS FACED BY ITS MULTIPLE CHARACTERS (AND SOCIETIES), AS WELL AS UNDERSTAND WHICH DYNAMIC ALLOWED FOR THE RISE OF POLITICAL POWER IN MIDDLE-EARTH.
A comparative study of empire in the Middle East and Central Asia.Empire matters for post-imperial outcomes, as is shown in this comparative study. The imperial creation of states in MENA and Central ...Asia explains several similarities in both regions' successor states. Differences in imperial heritages also partly account for the greater instability of the MENA states system and their lesser legitimacy.While eventually the imperial relation to an external metropole came to an end, the social patterns and institutional practices forged in these relationships remained; some only as traces, but others that endured in the transformation of empire into something else, a national sovereignty which should be seen as more than 'neo-colonialism' but less than 'total independence'. This challenges the view of an automatic linear progression from empire to sovereignty and indeed, suggests the two conditions can and do co-exist.Key Features*Combines theory and empirical evidence*Makes systematic comparisons between the Middle East and Central Asia*Includes chapters from leading scholars from history, politics and international relations*Presents the findings of a focused collective research project
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