Demanding work Green, Francis
2007, 2013., 20131024, 2013, 2005, 2006-01-01, 20060101
eBook, Book
Since the early 1980s, a vast number of jobs have been created in the affluent economies of the industrialized world. Many workers are doing more skilled and fulfilling jobs, and getting paid more ...for their trouble. Yet it is often alleged that the quality of work life has deteriorated, with a substantial and rising proportion of jobs providing low wages and little security, or requiring unusually hard and stressful effort.
In this unique and authoritative formal account of changing job quality, economist Francis Green highlights contrasting trends, using quantitative indicators drawn from public opinion surveys and administrative data. In most affluent countries average pay levels have risen along with economic growth, a major exception being the United States. Skill requirements have increased, potentially meaning a more fulfilling time at work. Set against these beneficial trends, however, are increases in inequality, a strong intensification of work effort, diminished job satisfaction, and less employee influence over daily work tasks. Using an interdisciplinary approach,Demanding Workshows how aspects of job quality are related, and how changes in the quality of work life stem from technological change and transformations in the politico-economic environment. The book concludes by discussing what individuals, firms, unions, and governments can do to counter declining job quality.
The book makes a major new contribution to the sociology of employment by comparing the quality of working life in European societies with very different institutional systems - France, Germany, ...Great Britain, Spain, and Sweden. It focuses in particular on skills and skill development, opportunities for training, the scope for initiative in work, the difficulty of combining work and family life, and the security of employment. Drawing on a range of nationally representative surveys, it reveals striking differences in the quality of work in different European countries. It also provides for the first time rigorous comparative evidence on the experiences of different types of employee and an assessment of whether there has been a trend over time to greater polarization between a core workforce of relatively privileged employees and a peripheral workforce suffering from cumulative disadvantage. It explores the relevance of three influential theoretical perspectives, focussing respectively on the common dynamics of capitalist societies, differences in production regimes between capitalist societies, and differences in the institutional systems of employment regulation. It argues that it is the third of these - an 'employment regime' perspective - that provides the most convincing account of the factors that affect the quality of work in capitalist societies. The findings underline the importance of differences in national policies for people's experiences of work and point to the need for a renewal at European level of initiatives for improving the quality of work. Available in OSO: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/economicsfinance/0199230102/toc.html Contributors to this volume - Martina Dieckhoff is Post-doctoral research fellow at the Danish National Institute of Social Research in Copenhagen. Duncan Gallie is an Official Fellow of Nuffield College, Oxford, and Professor of Sociology of the University of Oxford. Jean-Marie Jungblut is a researcher and project leader at the Centre of European Social Research (MZES) in Mannheim. Philip J. O'Connell is Research Professor and head of the Education and Labour Market Research Division at the Economic and Social Research Institute in Dublin. Stefani Scherer is a research fellow at Milano-Bicocca University, Department of Sociology and Social Research. Nadia Steiber is a Research Associate at the Institute of Sociology and Social Research at the Vienna University of Economics and Business Administration. Michael Tahlin is Professor of Sociology at the Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University. Serge Paugam is Professor of sociology and Director of the Department of Doctoral Studies in Sociology at the EHESS (Paris). He is also Director of a research team on Social Inequalities in the Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CNRS/EHESS/ENS). Ying Zhou is Research Officer at Nuffield College, Oxford.
The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate consumer satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided in community pharmacies at the region level. Expectations and opinions of consumers were also ...confronted with the assumptions of pharmacists. Up to 82.0% of consumers confirmed their satisfaction with the care given to them by the pharmacist. A key factor of consumer satisfaction has been the professional (78.7%) and human approach (83.5%) of the pharmacist. A total of 73.6% of consumers in the survey accepted the pharmacist as an expert in medicines. The pharmacist´s self-evaluation was more negative. Monitoring and evaluation of consumer satisfactory with pharmaceutical care is not only essential for improvement of the quality of the healthcare system and for the implementation of pharmaceutical care focussed on the patient, but it may influence the economic and financial outcomes of entities providing pharmaceutical care in community pharmacies.
Cieľom tejto pilotnej štúdie bolo zhodnotiť spokojnosť zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou poskytovanou vo verejných lekárňach na lokálnej úrovni. Očakávania a názory zákazníkov boli zároveň porovnané s predpokladmi lekárnikov. Až 82,0% zákazníkov potvrdilo svoju spokojnosť so starostlivosťou, ktorú im poskytuje lekárnik. Ako kľúčový faktor spokojnosti zákazníkov sa ukázal profesionálny (78,7%) a ľudský prístup (83,5%) lekárnika. 73,6% zákazníkov v našom prieskume akceptovalo lekárnika ako odborníka na lieky. Sebahodnotenie lekárnikov bolo negatívnejšie. Monitoring a hodnotenie spokojnosti zákazníkov s lekárenskou starostlivosťou je nevyhnutné nielen pre zlepšenie kvality systému zdravotnej starostlivosti a pre implementáciu lekárenskej starostlivosti orientovanej na pacienta, ale môže ovplyvniť ekonomické a finančné výsledky subjektov poskytujúcich lekárenskú starostlivosť vo verejných lekárňach.
Uvedený príspevok popisuje realizovaný prieskum kvality služby v MHD v meste Žilina. Na začiatku sa venuje dôvodom, prečo je potrebné venovať pozornosť zákazníkom v doprave. Ďalej popisuje metodiku, ...ktorá sa použila pri prieskume kvality služby v MHD v meste Žilina a na záver približuje výsledky prieskumu.
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Príspevok sa zaoberá analýzou ...ţivotnej spokojnosti adolescentov v kontexte rodiny a rodinného prostredia. Výskum sme uskutočnili na vzorke 420 adolescentov vo veku od 16-18 rokov. Ţivotnú spokojnosť adolescentov sme merali Dotazníkom ţivotnej spokojnosti. Údaje o rodine a rodinnom prostredí sme zisťovali úvodným anamnestickým dotazníkom. V našom výskumnom súbore adolescentov sme zistili, ţe mladí ľudia ţijúci len s mamou sú významne spokojnejší ako mladí ľudia ţijúci s oboma rodičmi. Rovnako adolescenti, ktorí udávali len zriedkavý výskyt konfliktov v rodine, dosahovali najvyššiu ţivotnú spokojnosť.- The article deals with the analysis of adolescents’ life satisfaction in the context of family and family environment. The research was made on a sample of 420 young people aged between 16-18 years. To measure life satisfaction we used Life satisfaction questionnaire. Data concerning family and family environment were gained using anamnesis questionnaire. We found out that adolescents who live with a single mother are significantly more satisfied than adolescents who live with both parents. Among the most satisfied with their life were also those young people who said that there are no arguments or conflicts in their family.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Cieľ. Cieľom príspevku bolo ...preskúmať súvislosť jednotlivých typov vzťahovej väzby v dospelosti (bezpečný typ, úzkostný a vyhýbavý typ) so spokojnosťou v partnerskom vzťahu a taktiež preskúmať partnerskú spokojnosť v súvislosti s intimitou, záväzkom a vášňou.
Hypotézy. Bolo predpokladané, že bezpečná vzťahová väzba bude v pozitívnom vzťahu ku partnerskej spokojnosti. Naopak u úzkostnej a vyhýbavej vzťahovej väzby autorka predpokladala negatívny vzťah ku partnerskej spokojnosti. Predpokladalo sa, že intimita, záväzok a vášeň budú v pozitívnom vzťahu ku partnerskej spokojnosti.
Výskumný súbor. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 120 respondentov vo veku od 18 do 26 rokov
(M = 22,54, SD = 1,71), študentov vysokej školy. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 97 žien a 23 mužov.
Štatistická analýza. Pre overenie vzťahu medzi jednotlivými typmi vzťahovej väzby v dospelosti, intimitou, záväzkom, vášňou a partnerskou spokojnosťou bola realizovaná viacnásobná lineárna hierarchická regresia (metóda stepwise).
Výsledky. V realizovanom výskume bola potvrdená súvislosť vzťahovej väzby v dospelosti a partnerskou spokojnosťou, čo bolo jedným z hlavných zistení. Respondenti, ktorí vykazovali bezpečný typ vzťahovej väzby, boli v partnerskom vzťahu spokojnejší ako tí, ktorí vykazovali úzkostné alebo vyhýbavé správanie. Ďalším dôležitým zistením bola významná súvislosť medzi zložkou lásky – intimitou a prežívaním vyššej partnerskej spokojnosti.
Obmedzenia výskumu. Za možné obmedzenie štúdie je možné považovať fakt, že dáta boli získavané iba od jedného z partnerov.- Objectives. The research aimed to examine the relationship between the different types of adult attachment (secure type, anxious and avoidant type) and relationship satisfaction. Also examined relationship between satisfaction and intimacy, commitment and passion. Sample and setting. The research sample consisted of 120 respondents, university students aged 18 to 26 years (M = 22.54, SD = 1.71). The sample consisted of 97 women and 23 men. Hypotheses. It was hypothesized that a secure adult attachment would be positively related to relationship satisfaction. On the contrary, in the case of anxious and avoidant adult attachment a negative attitude towards relationship satisfaction were assumed. It was hypothesized that intimacy, commitment and passion would be positively related to relationship satisfaction. Statistical analysis. Multiple linear hierarchical regression (stepwise method) was performed to verify the relations between the different types of adult attachment, intimacy, commitment, passion and relationship satisfaction. Results. The research confirmed the relationship between adult attachment and relationship satisfaction, which was one of the main findings. Respondents who showed a secure type of adult attachment were more satisfied in a relationship than those who showed anxious or avoidant behavior. Another important finding was the relation between the love component – intimacy and couple relationship satisfaction. Study limitation. The fact that data were obtained from only one of the partners can be considered as a possible limitation of the study.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Predkladaná výskumná štúdia sa ...zameriava na subjektívny kariérny úspech lekárov a jeho determinanty týkajúce sa ich pracovného zaradenia. Cieľom výskumu bolo zistiť, či existuje vzťah medzi subjektívnym kariérnym úspechom a pracovným stresom, v jeho celkovej miere a v jednotlivých rovinách, a tiež zistiť, či existujú rozdiely v miere subjektívneho kariérneho úspechu z hľadiska dĺžky praxe, špecializácie a pracoviska lekárov. Subjektívny kariérny úspech bol skúmaný prostredníctvom Dotazníka kariérnej spokojnosti (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, & Wormley, 1990), pretože kariérna spokojnosť je považovaná za najčastejší ukazovateľ subjektívneho kariérneho úspechu. Pracovný stres bol skúmaný prostredníctvom Dotazníka pracovného stresu a vyhorenia (Hennig & Keller, 1996). Dĺžka praxe, špecializácia a pracovisko lekárov boli zisťované pomocou vlastných položiek. Výskumný súbor tvorilo 50 lekárov z nemocníc a ambulancií. Získané údaje boli spracované pomocou jednoduchej korelačnej analýzy a t-testu pre dva nezávislé výbery. Analýza údajov ukázala, že subjektívny kariérny úspech lekárov bol v negatívnom vzťahu tak s celkovou mierou pracovného stresu, ako aj so všetkými jeho rovinami (duševná, citová, telesná a sociálna). Tiež bol zistený rozdiel v miere subjektívneho kariérneho úspechu z hľadiska dĺžky praxe a špecializácie. Lekári s dlhšou praxou (nad 20 rokov) a lekári špecialisti (odborní) vykazovali vyššiu mieru subjektívneho kariérneho úspechu ako lekári s kratšou praxou (do 20 rokov) a praktickí (všeobecní) lekári. Rozdiel medzi lekármi pracujúcimi v nemocniciach a lekármi pracujúcimi v ambulanciách nebol zistený, rovnako ani rozdiel medzi mužmi a ženami.- The presented research study focuses on subjective career success of doctors and its determinants of the working environment. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between subjective career success and work stress in the overall level and individual levels. A further aim was to identify differences in subjective career success in terms of length of experience, specialization and workplace of doctors. Subjective career success was studied through questionnaires The Career Satisfaction Scale (Greenhaus, Parasuraman, and Wormley, 1990), because career satisfaction is considered as the most common indicator of subjective career success. Work-related stress was studied through questionnaires The Work stress and Burnout Scale (Hennig and Keller, 1996). Length of experience, specialization and workplace were detected using custom items. The sample consisted of 50 doctors from hospitals and ambulances. The data were processed using a simple correlation analysis and Independent Samples T test. Data analysis showed that subjective career success of doctors was negatively correlated with work stress in the overall level and also with all the levels (mental, emotional, physical and social). We also found a difference in the subjective career success in terms of length of experience and specialization. Doctors with longer practise (over 20 years) and specialists showed higher subjective career success as doctors with shorter practice (under 20 years) and practitioners. There was no difference between doctors working in hospitals and doctors working in the ambulance and no difference between men and women.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Práca skúma existenciu a podobu ...vzťahu medzi iracionálnymi presvedčeniami a spokojnosťou so životom. Na základe teórie bol očakávaný negatívny vzťah daných premenných. Ľuďom v produktívnom veku (N = 172; učitelia a manažéri) autori administrovali škálu IPA, Dotazník kvality života (SQUALA) a Dotazník na zisťovanie subjektívnej pohody. Výsledky poukazujú v zhode s hypotézami na zápornú súvislosť spokojnosti so životom a iracionálnymi presvedčeniami. Okrem toho sa vyskytli zaujímavé implikácie pre skúmanie vzťahu určitých typov školení a miery iracionality.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Štúdia sa zaoberá prediktormi ...životnej spokojnosti u osôb v období ranej staroby. Cieľom predloženej štúdie bolo zistiť ako vybrané osobnostné charakteristiky a zvládacie stratégie predikujú životnú spokojnosť seniorov Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 130 seniorov, z toho 55 mužov a 75 žien. Na zisťovanie miery životnej spokojnosti bola použitá Škála životnej spokojnosti SWLS, extraverzia a neuroticizmus bol zisťované prostredníctvom osobnostného inventára NEO-FFI a na hodnotenie zvládania záťaže bol použitý dotazník Stratégií zvládania SVF 78. Regresnou analýzou boli potvrdené tieto významné prediktory podieľajúce sa na životnej spokojnosti seniorov: neuroticizmus, ktorý vysvetlil 9 % variancie životnej spokojnosti seniorov a stratégie odklonu (stratégia odklonu a stratégia náhradného uspokojenia), ktoré vysvetlili 13 % variancie celkovej životnej spokojnosti seniorov.- The study deals with the predictors of life satisfaction among people in the early aging. The goal of the presented study was to determine how selected personality characteristics and coping strategies predict life satisfaction of the elders. The research sample consisted of 130 seniors, including 55 men and 75 women. To determine the degree of life satisfaction we used the Life Satisfaction Scale SWLS, extraversion and neuroticism, we investigated by personal inventory NEO-FFI and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire SVF 78 was used on the assessment of coping strategies. Regression analysis confirmed that neuroticism was significant predictor of life satisfaction of the elders which explained 9 % of variance of life satisfaction of the elders and strategies of the diversion (strategy diversion and spare satisfaction- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: Czech digital library/Česká digitální knihovna - Institution: Academy of Sciences Library/Knihovna Akademie věd ČR - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Rané maladaptívne schémy sú ...emočné vzorce, ktoré sa vytvárajú v detstve ako reakcia na nenaplnené potreby. Spustenie schémy v dospelosti môže vyvolať úzkosť a maladaptívnu reakciu jedinca. V našom výskume (N=87) sme analyzovali súvislosti medzi dimenziami attachmentu v dospelosti, partnerskou spokojnosťou, ranými maladaptívnymi schémami a stratégiami zvládania záťaže. Výsledky sme porovnali u skupiny klientov so závislosťami a u neklinickej populácie. Rané maladaptívne schémy súvisia s vyššou vzťahovou úzkostnosťou i vyhýbavosťou podľa ECR, nižšou partnerskou spokojnosťou a negatívnymi stratégiami zvládania záťaže. Klinická populácia má vyšší súčet raných maladaptívnych schém oproti neklinickej skupine. Pre potvrdenie platnosti bude nutné výsledky overiť v ďalšom výskume s väčšou vzorkou. Výsledky však naznačujú možný význam schém pri vzniku či udržiavaní psychopatológie a podporujú tak princípy schématerapie Jeffreyho Younga.- Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) are emotional patterns, developed during childhood and elaborated throughout one's lifetime. Triggering a schema activates the amygdala system, which can lead to anxiety and maladaptive behaviour in adulthood. In our research (N=87) we analysed the relationship between EMS, adult attachment dimensions, the partnership satisfaction and the negative coping styles in a sample of clients with addictions (49) and in a non-clinical sample (38). EMS were positively related with anxiety and avoidance in relationships and negative coping styles. Partnership satisfaction and EMS indicated a negative correlation. The clinical sample’s EMS were significantly higher compared to the non-clinical group. Further research must be done to confirm our results. Nevertheless, the findings suggest the possible role of EMS in developing psychopathology and thus support the principles of schematherapy.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
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