Purpose
This study aimed to identify independent predictive factors for return to sports (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in competitive-level athletes and to determine ...optimal cut-off values for these factors at 6 months after surgery.
Methods
A total of 124 competitive athletes (50 males and 74 females; mean age, 17.0 years; preinjury Tegner activity scale > 7) who underwent primary ACL reconstruction were enrolled. Assessments at 6 months after surgery consisted of knee functional tests quadriceps index, hamstrings index, and single-leg hop for distance (SLH) and 2 self-report questionnaires IKDC subjective score and ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (ACL-RSI). At 1 year after surgery, athletes were classified into the RTS group (
n
= 101) or non-RTS group (
n
= 23) based on self-reported sports activities. After screening possible predictive factors of RTS, multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to identify independent factors.
Results
Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified SLH (odds ratio, 2.861 per 10 unit increase;
P
< 0.001) and ACL-RSI (odds ratio, 1.810 per 10 unit increase;
P
= 0.001) at 6 months as independent predictors of RTS at 1 year after surgery. Optimal cut-off values of SLH and ACL-RSI were 81.3% (sensitivity = 0.891; specificity = 0.609) and 55 points (sensitivity = 0.693; specificity = 0.826), respectively.
Conclusion
In competitive athletes, SLH < 81% and ACL-RSI < 55 points at 6 months after surgery were associated with a greater risk of unsuccessful RTS at 1 year after surgery. SLH and ACL-RSI at 6 months could serve as screening tools to identify athletes who have difficulties with returning to sports after ACL reconstruction.
Level of evidence
III.
Background:
Adult patients who succeed in returning to their preinjury levels of sport after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction have been characterized by a more positive psychological ...response. It is not known whether this relationship is valid for adolescent athletes.
Purpose:
To investigate psychological readiness to return to sport, knee-related self-efficacy, and motivation among adolescent (15-20 years old) and adult (21-30 years old) athletes after ACL reconstruction. A further aim was to compare athletes (15-30 years old) who had recovered their muscle function and returned to sport with athletes who had not.
Study Design:
Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
Methods:
Data were extracted from a rehabilitation-specific register 8 and 12 months after ACL reconstruction. Athletes previously involved in knee-strenuous sport who had undergone primary ACL reconstruction were included. Data comprised psychological patient-reported outcomes and results from 5 tests of muscle function. Comparisons were performed between age groups, between athletes who had and had not recovered their muscle function, and between patients who had returned to sport and not.
Results:
In all, 384 (50% females) and 271 athletes (52% females) were included at the 8- and 12- month follow-ups, respectively. Enhanced self-efficacy was reported at both follow-ups by adolescents and by athletes who had recovered their muscle function. Athletes who had recovered their muscle function reported higher (P = .0007) motivation to achieve their goals. Subgroup analyses on patient sex revealed findings similar to those in the main analyses for females but not for males. Moreover, adolescent and adult athletes who had returned to sport reported significantly higher levels on the Knee Self-Efficacy Scale and the ACL–Return to Sport After Injury scale at both follow-ups.
Conclusion:
Adolescent athletes, especially females, perceived enhanced self-efficacy, had a higher return-to-sport rate, and were more motivated to reach their goals after ACL reconstruction compared with adults. Regardless of age, athletes who had returned to sport and athletes with more symmetrical muscle function had a stronger psychological profile.
This handbook represents the first comprehensive and evidence-based review of theory, research, and practice in the field of adapted physical education (APE). Exploring philosophical and foundational ...aspects of APE, the book outlines the main conceptual frameworks informing research and teaching in this area, and presents important material that will help shape best practice and future research.
Written by world-leading researchers, the book introduces the key themes in APE, such as historical perspectives on disability, disability and the law, language, and measurement. It examines the most significant theoretical frameworks for understanding APE, from embodiment and social cognitive theory to occupational socialization, and surveys current debates and practical issues in APE, such as teacher training, the use of technology, and physical inactivity and health. Acknowledging the importance of the voices of children, parents and peers, the book also explores research methods and paradigms in APE, with each chapter including directions for further research.
Offering an unprecedented wealth of material, the Routledge Handbook of Adapted Physical Education is an essential reference for advanced students, researchers and scholars working in APE, and useful reading for anybody with an interest in disability, physical education, sports coaching, movement science or youth sport.
Infractions Parkinson, Jerry
2019, 2019-09-01
eBook
Jerry Parkinson spent nearly ten years, from 2000 to 2010, as a member of the NCAA’s Division I Committee on Infractions, participating in over one hundred major infractions cases. He came ...away from that experience—and the experience of reading extensive commentary on infractions cases—with the conviction that most observers do not understand the NCAA’s rules-enforcement process, despite the amount of public attention many major cases receive. Parkinson uses his insider’s perspective, along with illustrative stories, to help readers understand how the NCAA’s rules-enforcement process really works. These stories include: a university board of trustees chair committing suicide over an infractions case; a pay-for-play scandal leading directly to the state’s governor; a head coach falsely portraying a deceased player as a drug dealer to cover up the coach’s own misconduct; a gambler laundering his money by making the largest booster payments in NCAA history; and a coach’s sexual abuse of children leading to some of the harshest sanctions ever imposed by the NCAA. Based on years of experience and infused with insight, Parkinson provides a broad view of the world of NCAA rule breakers and the NCAA rules-enforcement process.  
This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Football has undergone a period of transformation over the last ...thirty years. Despite these global processes, different national leagues have adapted in different ways. After an initial period of success directly after Italia ’90, Italian football has gone through a period of sustained crisis. It has been blighted by financial mismanagement, corruption scandals and fan violence. This has impacted Italy's ability to compete on a global stage. Football Italia accounts for the development of Italian football in relation to the wider global transformations impacting football and addresses the reasons for Serie A's initial success and current malaise. Theoretically, this book locates Italian football within the wider power network of the state and how this has impacted political engagement. After an historical overview of the Italian political economy, Football Italia highlights how football is part of the wider political network. Football clubs are owned by powerful businessmen (and they are all men) who are also politicians. This centralisation of power within a small hegemonic group inhibits change. Within this broader structure, wider corruption scandals continue; from regular match-fixing scandals to doping. Meanwhile, stadiums are crumbling and police over-aggressive. It is within this context that we must place the fans. Both the ultras and supporters who attend official supporters’ clubs are disaffected and without the power to change the status quo. Consequently, Italian football has been in decline throughout the 21st century.
In this carefully curated collection of essays, editors Jamie Dopp and Angie Abdou go beyond their first collection, Writing the Body in Motion, to engage with the meaning of sport found in Canadian ...sport literature. How does “sport” differ from physically risky recreational activities that require strength and skill? Does sport demand that someone win? At what point does a sport become an art? With the aim of prompting reflections on and discussions of the boundaries of sport, contributors explore how literature engages with sport as a metaphor, as a language, and as bodily expression. Instead of a focus on what is often described as Canada’s national pastime, contributors examine sports in Canadian literature that are decidedly not hockey. From skateboarding and parkour to fly fishing and curling, these essays engage with Canadian histories and broader societal understandings through sports on the margin. Interspersed with original reflections by iconic Canadian literary figures such as Steven Heighton, Aritha Van Herk, Thomas Wharton, and Timothy Taylor, this volume is fresh and intriguing and offers new ways of reading the body.
Sport and Women Pfister, Gertrud; Hartmann-Tews, Ilse
07/2005
eBook
Although female athletes are successful in all types of sport, in many countries sport is still a male domain. This book examines and compares the sporting experiences of women from different ...countries around the world and offers the first systematic and cross-cultural analysis of the topic of women in sport. Sport and Women presents a wealth of new research data, including in-depth case-studies of 16 countries in North and South America, Asia, Eastern and Western Europe and Africa. In addition, the book offers comparative assessments of the extent to which women are represented in global sport and the opportunities that women have to participate in decision-making processes in sport. The book illuminates a wide range of key international issues in women's sport, such as cultural barriers to participation and the efficacy of political action. It is therefore essential reading for anybody with an interest in the sociology, culture and politics of sport.
1. Women and Sport in Comparative and International Perspectives. Issues, Aims and Theoretical Approaches 2. Women and Sport in Norway 3. Women and Sport in the UK 4. The Inclusion of Women into German Sport Systems 5. Sport Development and Inclusion of Women in France 6. Women and Sport in Spain 7. Women and Sport in the Czech Republic 8. Women and Sport in Tanzania 9. Women and Sport in South Africa: Shaped by History and Shaping Sporting History 10. Social Issues in American Women's Sports 11. Girl's and Women's Sport in Canada: From Playground to Podium 12. Brazilian Women and Girls in Physical Activities and Sport 13. Women in Colombian Sport: A Review of Absence and Redemption 14. Women and Sport in Iran: Keeping Goal in Hijab? 15. Women's Sport in the People's Republic of China: Body, Politics and the Unfinished Revolution 16. Gender Relations in Japanese Sports Organisation and Sport Involvement 17. Women and Sport in New Zealand 18. Women's Inclusion in Sport - International and Comparative Findings
Assumption about physical performance and gender are closely interwoven in sports – how are they reproduced and how are they legitimized?
Der Sport ist bis heute eine Sphäre männlicher Dominanz und ...heteronormativer Geschlechtervorstellungen. Das zeigt die anhaltende Debatte über Geschlechtertests im Leistungssport ebenso wie die deutliche Unterrepräsentanz von Sportlerinnen in den Medien. Aus einer praxistheoretischen Perspektive zeigt Karolin Heckemeyer, wie sich diese heteronormativ-hierarchische Ordnung in Bestimmungen internationaler Sportorganisationen und in Auseinandersetzungen von Athletinnen mit den Regeln des Sports (re-)produziert und legitimiert. Die Leistungsklasse Geschlecht erweist sich dabei als eine Struktur, die es für zukünftige Visionen eines geschlechterinklusiven Sports kritisch zu hinterfragen gilt.
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