Zapis posveta o aktualnih sociolingvističnih izzivih in prednostnih raziskovalnih tematikah, ki sta ga organizirala doc. dr. Maja Bitenc in red. prof. dr. Marko Stabej z Oddelka za slovenistiko in je ...potekal v ponedeljek, 27. 9. 2021, na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani in s prenosom preko Zooma. V prvem delu so vabljene strokovnjakinje in strokovnjaki predstavili svoje poglede ob izhodiščnih vprašanjih, v drugem je sledila razprava vseh sodelujočih. Zapis posnetka so govornice in govorniki uredili po lastni presoji, načeloma s čim manj intervencijami, iz razprave pa so za branje prilagojene in objavljene vsebinsko tehtnejše replike.
Prispevek je nastal na podlagi analize kvantitativne raziskave z naslovom Stališča staršev v Porabju do slovenskega jezika oziroma dvo- in večjezičnosti ter tudi preteklih raziskav, strokovne ...literature in terenskih izkušenj. Študija prikazuje stališča porabskih Slovencev (staršev otrok, ki obiskujejo narodnostne vrtce) do slovenskega jezika (in drugih jezikov) in na drugi strani išče odgovore na vprašanje, zakaj je prišlo do prekinitve prenosa slovenske materinščine na anketirane – starše in posledično na najmlajše. Podatki kažejo, da si stališča in raba jezika v družini ter rezultati pri vprašanju, zakaj se vprašanim staršem zdi znanje slovenskega jezika pomembno za otroka, nasprotujejo. Med odgovori na vprašanje, zakaj se starši z otroki doma ne pogovarjajo porabsko/slovensko, izstopa mnenje, da starši in mladi ne znajo jezika in da ni medgeneracijskega prenosa. Pozitivna stališča staršev do slovenskega jezika so lahko dobra podlaga za revitalizacijo porabščine/slovenskega jezika v Porabju.
Professional drivers' knowledge about driving-impairing medications is not satisfactory. The aim of this study was to develop and test the reliability and validity of the questionnaires designed to ...measure the knowledge and attitude of professional drivers about the influence of various medications on driving ability.
The questionnaires for assessing professional driver's knowledge (performance-based) and attitudes about influence of various medications on driving abilities were developed by creating the item pool, testing reliability and validity, and factor analysis. The study was conducted as a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The study population consisted of professional drivers, who filled out both questionnaires in three time intervals.
Both questionnaires showed great internal consistency and temporal stability. Cronbach's Alpha for the first questionnaire was 0.984 and for the second it was 0.944. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test for the first questionnaire confirmed sampling adequacy with its value of 0.964 and for the second questionnaire it was 0.933. Exploratory factor analysis of the questionnaire showed that three factors were revealed after rotation for the first questionnaire and they explained 78.0% of variance. Both questionnaires showed high degree of correlation between scores after the first and repeated administration, Spearman's rho coefficient of correlation for was 0.962 and 0.980.
Based on the results of this study, we believe that both questionnaires are useful tools for testing professional drivers' knowledge and attitudes about the influence of medications on driving ability.
Although nurses in intensive care units (ICUs) are exposed to prolonged stress, no burnout prevention policy has yet been established. This study aims to determine the attitudes and "sense" of ...knowledge of burnout in nurses with burnout.
The study, which has a qualitative exploratory phenomenological design, was carried out in several Croatian ICUs in 2017. ICU nurses suffering from burnout according to their score on the Maslach Burnout Inventory were chosen randomly from five hospitals. Their participation was voluntary. Of the 28 participants, 86% were women (n=24) and 14% men (n=4). They were aged mainly between 36 and 45 (n=11 (40%)) and between 26 and 35 (n=10 (36%)). Semi-structured interviews were conducted up to the saturation point. The conversations were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The text was analysed using inductive thematic analysis, with codes derived and grouped into clusters by similarities in meaning, and interpretation as the final stage.
Emergent themes, compromised private life, stressful work demands, stress reduction options, protective workplace measures and sense of knowledge reflected a variety of experiences, attitudes and knowledge of burnout.
Nurses with burnout provided an insight into their experience and attitudes, and the problems created by burnout. Given the poor sense of knowledge about this syndrome, there is a need to implement education on burnout in nursing school curricula, and clear strategies in the ICU environment, i.e. information, awareness-raising, and specific guidelines on coping, burnout detection and prevention. Approaching burnout prevention through attitudes/social learning may be a novel and feasible model of addressing this issue.
Introduction. Self-reported scales, such as the Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Student version (JSE-S), had been recognised to measure the empathic disposition rather than behavioural expression. This ...study aimed to re-validate the JSE-S and its factor structure prior further research on empathy in medical students.
Methods. A convenience sampling method was employed in two consecutive academic years, in 2012/13 and 2013/14, at the Faculty of Medicine in Ljubljana, Slovenia; first and final year students participated voluntarily. The JSE-S examined empathy levels. The principal component analysis was performed with Oblimin rotation and Kaisers’ criteria. Factors with eigenvalues ≥ 1.25 were retained and items loading ≥ |0.40| were required for the interpretation of the factor structure.
Results. The total study sample size was 845 students, (580 (68.6%)) of them women; 327 (72.2%) were in the first (19.2 ± 1.9 years old) and 253 (61.7%) in the sixth (24.9 ± 1.1 years old) year of medical school. Females achieved higher JSE-S scores in all groups. The three-factor JSE-S was confirmed, but only seven items were concordant in all groups. A higher proportion of explained variation for Perspective Taking and Standing in the Patient`s Shoes, and better internal consistency, was found in a reduced-item scale (16-18 items). When performing factor analysis of a seven-item scale, the percentages of explained variance increased with two factors extracted.
Conclusions. Only the cognitive dimension of JSE-S gave results as expected, therefore proper terminology, i.e. the object of assessment, must be used in further administration of JSE-S and empathy-related research in medical students.
Izhodišča. Samoocenjevalne lestvice, kakršna je Jeffersonova lestvica empatije - oblika za študente (JSE-S), so se izkazale kot mere naravnanosti (stališč) in ne kot pripomočki za oceno in napoved vedenja. Zato je bilo treba pred nadaljnjimi raziskavami empatične naravnanosti pri študentih in preučevanjem odnosa med študijskim programom ter pristopi in empatično naravnanostjo študentov ponovno preveriti veljavnost JSE-S, bolj jasno opredeliti predmet merjenja ter variacije/razlike, povezane s spolom.
Metode. S priložnostnim vzorčenjem v dveh zaporednih študijskih letih (2012/13 in 2013/14) so bili študenti prvega in šestega letnika Medicinske fakultete v Ljubljani povabljeni k anonimnemu in prostovoljnemu sodelovanju. Svojo empatično naravnanost so ocenjevali z JSE-S. S Student t-testom za neodvisne vzorce in enosmerno analizo variance so bile izračunane razlike po spolu in letniku študija. Vsi testi so bili dvosmerni, z mejo statistične pomembnosti P <0,05. Izvedena je bila validacija lestvice po metodi glavnih komponent z rotacijo Oblimin, ob upoštevanju Kaiserjevih meril. Nasičenost posameznih trditev ≥ |0,40| in faktorji z lastno vrednostjo ≥ 1,25 so bili podlaga za razlago faktorske strukture.
Rezultati. Celotni vzorec je vključeval 845 študentov, med njimi je bilo 580 (68,6%) žensk, 327 (72,2%) je bilo študentov prvega letnika, starih 19,2 ± 1,9 leta, 253 (61,7%) pa študentov šestega letnika, starih 24,9 ± 1,1 leta. Ženske so dosegle višje skupne vrednosti na JSE-S v vseh skupinah. Tri faktorska struktura JSE-S se je potrdila, vendar se je le sedem trditev/postavk ujemalo v vseh štirih skupinah študentov. Ko je bila lestvica skrajšana na 16 oziroma 18 trditev, se je povečal delež pojasnjene variance pri faktorjih upoštevanje zornega kota drugega in zavzemanje pozicije drugega, boljša je bila tudi notranja konsistentnost. V faktorski analizi lestvice s sedmimi trditvami/postavkami je bil delež pojasnjene variance še večji, ne pa tudi notranja konsistentnost (Cronbach’s α > 0,70). Izločena sta bila dva faktorja, oba po vsebini opisujeta kognitivno razsežnost empatije.
Zaključki. Pokazalo se je, da JSE-S meri empatično naravnanost, kar je treba upoštevati v prihodnjih raziskavah ter temu prilagoditi tudi poimenovanje lestvice. Predlagamo uporabo skrajšane lestvice s 16 trditvami, s skupno vrednostjo točk JSE-S kot mero samoocene kognitivne komponente empatije.
Uvod. V Sloveniji ima zdravnik družinske medicine pomembno vlogo pri izvajanju preventive. Delež cepljenih proti gripi je v Sloveniji nizek. Razlogi za to niso povsem jasni. Preučevali smo mnenje ...bolnikov glede cepljenja proti gripi pri njihovem družinskem zdravniku ter njihova stališča in prepričanja o gripi in cepljenju. Cilj naloge je bil odkriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o cepljenju v ambulanti družinske medicine.
Domestic violence is recognized as a public health problem with a high prevalence in the general population. Healthcare professionals play an important role in the recognition and treatment of ...domestic violence. Hence, conducting research on factors that facilitate or inhibit appropriate actions by healthcare professionals is of the upmost importance. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between healthcare professionals' attitudes toward the acceptability of domestic violence and their responses when dealing with victims of domestic violence.
The sample consisted of 322 healthcare professionals (physicians, dentists, nursing staff and other healthcare workers; 85.2% female), who completed a questionnaire, assessing their attitudes towards domestic violence, experience, behaviour and perceived barriers in recognizing and treating domestic violence in the health care sector. The study was cross-sectional and used availability sampling.
The results showed no significant differences in domestic violence acceptability attitudes when comparing groups of healthcare professionals who reported low or high frequency of domestic violence cases encounters. Furthermore, we found that domestic violence acceptability attitudes were negatively associated with action taking when the frequency of encounters with domestic violence cases was high and medium. However, the attitudes were not associated with action taking when the frequency of encounters with domestic violence cases was low.
The results highlight the important role of attitudes in action taking of healthcare professionals when it comes to domestic violence. This indicates the need for educational interventions that specifically target healthcare professionals' attitudes towards domestic violence.
Študenti s posebnimi potrebami so pomembna manjšinska skupina znotraj študentske populacije, ki jo pogosto spremljajo negativna stališča in predsodki. Ti se neposredno ali posredno kažejo v odnosu ...visokošolskih institucij in njihovih zaposlenih do študentov s posebnimi potrebami. Odnos in posledično vedenje močno vplivata na to, ali bo izkušnja študentov s posebnimi potrebami v visokem šolstvu pozitivna ali negativna, zato je poznavanje stališč in predsodkov ključnega pomena za ustvarjanje celostne slike o študentih s posebnimi potrebami. V prispevku se zato podrobneje ukvarjamo s stališči in predsodki o študentih s posebnimi potrebami, pri čemer se sprašujemo, kakšna so, kako se kažejo, zakaj so pogosto negativna ter katere dejavnike velja upoštevati pri njihovem spreminjanju.
Objectives. In Slovenia, the role of family physicians in primary care and preventive procedures is very important. Influenza vaccination rates in Slovenia are low. The reasons for low vaccination ...rates in Slovenia were not clear. We suppose that patient’s beliefs and attitudes are important factors. We assessed patients’ opinions regarding the acceptance of flu vaccination by their family physicians and their beliefs and attitudes about flu and vaccination. The aim was to check out factors that influence the decision to take the vaccine in family physician offices.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study in the Styria region in Slovenia. We included patients from seven family physicians during regular office visits. They filled in a questionnaire about their general demographic data and attitudes regarding influenza and vaccination. The main outcome was the decision to be vaccinated.
Results. The logistic regression model identified five predictors for influenza vaccination, namely: heart disease, previous vaccination, an agreement with the beliefs ‘the vaccination is an efficient measure to prevent influenza’, ‘after the vaccination there are usually no important side effects’ and ‘the vaccination is also recommended for a healthy adult person’. The belief that vaccinations harm the immune system is negatively associated with vaccination.
Conclusions. Patients’ beliefs are an important factor to decide for vaccination or not. Family physician teams should discuss with patients their beliefs and concerns about vaccination.
Uvod. V Sloveniji ima zdravnik družinske medicine pomembno vlogo pri izvajanju preventive. Delež cepljenih proti gripi je v Sloveniji nizek. Razlogi za to niso povsem jasni. Preučevali smo mnenje bolnikov glede cepljenja proti gripi pri njihovem družinskem zdravniku ter njihova stališča in prepričanja o gripi in cepljenju. Cilj naloge je bil odkriti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na odločitev o cepljenju v ambulanti družinske medicine.
Metode. Raziskava je bila presečna multicentrična opazovalna. Vključili smo bolnike iz 7 ambulant družinske medicine na Štajerskem v Sloveniji. Vzorec je zajemal bolnike, ki so prišli v ambulanto. Izpolnili so vprašalnik z demografskimi podatki ter stališči o gripi in cepljenju. Glavni opazovani dogodek je bil odločitev za cepljenje.
Rezultati. V logističnem regresijskem modelu so bili najpomembnejši napovedni dejavniki odločitve za cepljenje srčna bolezen, cepljenje v preteklosti, strinjanje, da je cepljenje najbolj učinkovit ukrep proti gripi, strinjanje, da cepljenje običajno nima pomembnih stranskih učinkov, in strinjanje, da je cepljenje priporočljivo tudi za odraslo zdravo osebo. Prepričanje, da cepljenje škodi imunskemu sistemu, je negativni napovedni dejavnik odločitve za cepljenje.
Zaključki. Stališča bolnikov so pomemben dejavnik pri odločitvi za cepljenje. V ambulantah družinske medicine bi se morali z bolniki več pogovarjati o njihovih stališčih in pomislekih o cepljenju.
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