(ANTI)STIGMA OF PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA ABSTRACT Dementia, as a progressive illness, represents health, familial, as well as a social risk. The symptoms are complex, and they manifest themselves on both ...the cognitive and the behavioral level. Therefore, the ill person cannot take care of themselves and the help of another person to meet their daily needs is required. A stigma called a „multidimensional concept“ is often connected with this illness, which carries with it the realization that the individual is different in some characteristics and as such deviates from socially acceptable norms. This paper provides an overview of stigma theories, describes the process of stigmatization and stigma management, as well as risk factors that contribute to the creation and maintenance of stigma towards people with dementia in society. Numerous stigma reduction programs are presented internationally with the aim of making people with dementia visible and valued in the same way as other members of the community. Key words: dementia; stigma; stigma reduction
Cilj je rada s teorijskog aspekta istražiti i identificirati oblike stigmatizacije koja u konačnici
ukazuje na višestruko negativne društvene implikacije. Metodom sekudarne analize i analize
sadržaja ...u radu se problematizira stigmatiziranje u društvenom i pedagoškom kontekstu čije su
posljedice osobito negativne za ugrožene i marginalizirane skupine ljudi. Analizom podataka
utvrđeno je da nasilje nad mišljenjem ima obilježje bezuvjetne podređenosti pojedinca normama
i inim kolektivitetima koji stvaraju stereotipe o drugima i drugačijima kao nepoželjnima te da
se stigmatizacija temelji na rasprostranjenim stereotipima koji postaju osnova za isključivanje
ili izbjegavanje određene skupine ljudi. Zaključuje se da su u procesu destigmatizacije odgoj i
obrazovanje iznimno važan segment u formiranju (ne)humanih društvenih obrazaca ponašanja.
Polazeći od definicije stigmi kao rana koje se, povremeno ili trajno, manifestiraju u stanovitim slučajevima ekstaze slijedom imitacije odabranog modela trpnje (Isus, Muhamed i dr.), ovaj rad ...analizira fenomenologiju stigmatizacije na nekoliko najpoznatijih povijesnih ili aktualnih primjera: Franjo Asiški, kao prvi stigmatik uopće; Katarina Sijenska, jedina osim Franje Asiškog čijim je stigmama Crkva priznala nadnaravnost; Rita iz Cascie (XIV. st.); Marie de Mörl (1812.–1868.) iz Tirola; Belgijanka Louise Lateau (1850.–1883.); Izabele Hendricks (1844.–1874.), koja je umrla od iskrvarenja; Gemma Galgani (1878.–1903.), koja je na sebi otkrivala osim stigmi i tragove bičevanja; Bavarka Therese Neumann (1898.–1962.), o kojoj je vjerojatno najviše pisano; popularni propovjednik otac Pio iz Pietrelcine (1887.– 1968.); Giulio Massa (r. 1970.) iz Montecorvina kod Salerna, nazvan već “ocem Piom XXI. stoljeća”, koji u ekstazi progovara aramejski; i prvi hrvatski stigmatik, Zlatko Sudac (r. 1971.). Na temelju razmatranja starijih i novijih tumačenja fenomena stigmi, predlaže se njihovo preciznije određenje kao stihijskih, izoliranih slučajeva lokalizirane deautonomizacije utjecanja na površinsko krvožilje, posredovanih izmjenom svijesti te se ukazuje na potencijalne goleme probitke koje bi medicina priskrbila iznalaženjem pravilnosti i metoda kojima bi se ovaj postupak izvodio kontrolirano, pri punoj svijesti, bez vanjske pomoći i na bilo kojemu mjestu na tijelu.
'Intersectional stigma' is a concept that has emerged to characterize the convergence of multiple stigmatized identities within a person or group, and to address their joint effects on health and ...wellbeing. While enquiry into the intersections of race, class, and gender serves as the historical and theoretical basis for intersectional stigma, there is little consensus on how best to characterize and analyze intersectional stigma, or on how to design interventions to address this complex phenomenon. The purpose of this paper is to highlight existing intersectional stigma literature, identify gaps in our methods for studying and addressing intersectional stigma, provide examples illustrating promising analytical approaches, and elucidate priorities for future health research.
Evidence from the existing scientific literature, as well as the examples presented here, suggest that people in diverse settings experience intersecting forms of stigma that influence their mental and physical health and corresponding health behaviors. As different stigmas are often correlated and interrelated, the health impact of intersectional stigma is complex, generating a broad range of vulnerabilities and risks. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches are required to reduce the significant knowledge gaps that remain in our understanding of intersectional stigma, shared identity, and their effects on health.
Stigmatized identities, while often analyzed in isolation, do not exist in a vacuum. Intersecting forms of stigma are a common reality, yet they remain poorly understood. The development of instruments and methods to better characterize the mechanisms and effects of intersectional stigma in relation to various health conditions around the globe is vital. Only then will healthcare providers, public health officials, and advocates be able to design health interventions that capitalize on the positive aspects of shared identity, while reducing the burden of stigma.
Mot de la rédaction Barès, Franck
Management international (Montréal),
2024, 20240101, Letnik:
28, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Le numéro régulier de ce printemps de la revue Management international compte 9 articles, deux notes de recherche et un essai. Ensuite, que la réussite professionnelle médiatise en partie la ...relation entre les compétences professionnelles et l’employabilité interne perçue. Enfin, que le job crafting médiatise en partie la relation entre les compétences professionnelles et l’employabilité. Foued Cheriet et Pasquale Lubello proposent un article ayant pour titre : « Acquisitions et déploiement international des firmes multinationales issues des pays émergents : ...précisément, les processus d’internationalisation des firmes multinationales des pays émergents (FMNE) interrogent les approches théoriques en management international. Les résultats confirment que l’internationalisation des FMNE suit une trajectoire spécifique par rapport à celles explicitées par les modèles récents (Born Global, Springboard ou Casino). Elle a des logiques particulières : forte financiarisation, acquisitions de filiales de groupes internationaux servant à acquérir d’autres firmes, expansion géographique visant la sécurisation des approvisionnements et de la distribution, et fort appui des institutions politico-financières du pays d’origine. Sur la base de trois échantillons internationaux, les résultats montrent une relation positive entre la force du système juridique (degré d’application de la loi), la rigueur des réglementations environnementales, la performance environnementale et la qualité de la divulgation d’informations sur le carbone par les banques. Dans l’article « les tensions de rôle en EHPAD français : causes et conséquences », Khaled Sabouné, Nathalie Montargot, Mathilde Dougados soulignent que les établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (EHPAD) sont en France un terreau fertile aux tensions de rôle. Trois facteurs d’influence les favorisent : la prévalence d’une logique économique dans une structure à visée sociale, l’intensification du travail et l’insuffisance de communication. Les conséquences, quant à elles, portent sur la performance, la santé et les comportements au travail. Anaïs Kit propose un article ayant pour titre : « Le rôle des agences d’accréditation internationale dans le processus d’institutionnalisation des pratiques des écoles de commerce ». L’étude analyse les mécanismes du discours et de contrôles utilisés par EFMD pour promouvoir l’accréditation EQUIS depuis sa création. Dans l’article « L’équilibre socioéconomique dans le management des entreprises en contexte africain : entre mécanisme conciliateur et couplage/découplage », Jean Biwole Fouda et Gabriel Etogo proposent ici une réflexion sur le management des entreprises en contexte africain. Les implications comportementales de cette complexité sont peu étudiées. Cette recherche avance des hypothèses sur l’influence des conceptions organisationnelles soutenant la complexité institutionnelle sur les comportements individuels dysfonctionnels. Les travaux en gestion et en management international ne se sont pas intéressés aux interactions entre des individus ayant une identité nationale stigmatisée et leurs clients étrangers. L’article complète la définition de la TIS tout en proposant des recommandations sur la manière de traiter la stigmatisation en management international. Elles essaient de nourrir la réflexion autour de l’évolution de la ligne éditoriale de la revue Management international sous deux angles complémentaires : une analyse thématique et une analyse des communautés de chercheurs. La première a pour titre « Évolution de la revue Management international : À partir d’une analyse des 829 résumés et titres publiés de la revue Management international de 2009 à 2023, cette note de recherche souligne le défi que représente l’interprétation de données textuelles non structurées et propose un outil d’analyse automatisé. L’étude utilise la modélisation des thèmes pour dévoiler les structures thématiques cachées à l’aide de la méthode LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation), contribuant à l’affinement du cadre thématique de la revue. La seconde est quant à elle intitulée « Évolution de la revue Management international : S’appuyant sur le même ensemble de données de 829 résumés et titres publiés de la revue Management international de 2009 à 2023, cette note de recherche présente un cadre de détection des communautés pour décoder les complexités des données textuelles non structurées.
En este artículo expongo resultados del trabajo en una localidad de la provincia de BuenosAires habitada por migrantes procedentes de Bolivia y por sus hijos y nietos, muchos de ellosnacidos y ...criados en Argentina. Presento desarrollos de la teoría socioantropológica y de losestudios migratorios sobre la descendencia y la transmisión generacional. A la luz de las cate-gorías y debates expuestos analizo situaciones registradas en el trabajo de campo. Me detengoen las expectativas adultas sobre las identificaciones de sus hijos/as, en la proyección de quelos y las jóvenes sigan siendo (bolivianos) y a la vez sean alguien en la vida y se incluyan enArgentina. Advierto la necesidad de asociar la noción bolivianos de segunda generación (enuso en la localidad) tanto a procesos de estigmatización, como a proyectos colectivos de con-tinuidad en situaciones de movilidad y desposesión que desafían las posibilidades de transmi-sión generacional.
O estudo objetivou investigar como ocorre a construção da identidade do policial militar a partir do estigma social, baseado na teoria de Slay e Smith (2011). Esta pesquisa foi realizada mediante ...entrevistas semiestruturadas com 14 aspirantes a oficial da Polícia Militar e analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que as influências iniciais foram de familiares policiais e pelo imaginário do policial-herói. Em relação as experiências profissionais, foi possível averiguar que o curso é um momento de transformação para a superação de seus limites e da cultura da abordagem policial violenta. A redefinição do eu ocorreu por meio da mudança de postura e desenvolvimento de responsabilidades. A redefiniçao da profissão ocorreu por meio do reconhecimento da comunidade e de seus pares. Por fim, a redefinição do estigma ocorreu por meio da compreensão da origem do estigma e assimilação da missão de servir e proteger.
Obesity: A preventable, treatable, but relapsing disease De Lorenzo, Antonio; Romano, Lorenzo; Di Renzo, Laura ...
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.),
March 2020, 2020-03-00, 20200301, Letnik:
71
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•The spread of primary obesity is pandemic, like an infectious disease.•The expansion of visceral fat plays a role in metabolic and functional alterations.•Poor nutrition is represented by the ...typical foods of the Western diet.•Obesity and poor nutrition deaths were ~11 million in 2017.•The stigma of fat is pervasive and results in “fat shaming.”
In 2013, the American Medical Association recognized obesity as a disease, of growing scientific, social, and political interest. In 2016 in the United States, prevalence rates of preobesity and obesity exceeded 60%. In Italy, these rates exceeded 40%. Total costs related to excess weight reached 9.3% of the U.S. gross domestic product, whereas in Italy the total annual cost of diabetes alone was estimated at 20.3 billion euros/y. The expansion of adipose tissue and visceral fat causes compression, joint stress, metabolic disorders, organ dysfunction, and increased mortality. The increase in peripheral and central fat mass is a chronic and potentially reversible process with appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Conversely, fattening can turn into a chronic relapsing form, complicated by comorbidities and cardiovascular events. The increased risk for mortality and morbidity also can affect metabolically healthy obese individuals, if the condition is underestimated, with disease progression. Due to its inaccuracy, body mass index must be replaced with body composition for the diagnosis of obesity. The chances of obesity reversibility are closely linked to improving the diagnosis and to timely nutritional interventions. Generalization and stigma hinder the treatment of obese individuals. The recognition of obesity as a disease and institutional interest can shift the focus onto obesity and not on the obese, with improvements in adherence to prevention plans. Anthropogenic factors and gut microbiota can influence human behavior and food choice, such as food addiction. Obesity has all the criteria to be recognized as a disease. Proper clinical management will lead to cost and complications savings, such as in diabetes. The aim of this review was to discuss in detail the criteria for defining primary obesity as a disease in a step-by-step manner.
Stigma among healthcare professionals may lead to poor quality of healthcare services for patients with mental illness. This study conducts a network meta-analysis to estimate the relative efficacy ...between different types of anti-stigma interventions for healthcare professionals.
Network meta-analysis.
The attitudes and behavior intension of healthcare professionals toward mental illness.
A total of 18 studies (22 trials) from 9 countries are included in the analysis. In the network meta-analysis, rank probabilities show interventions with indirect contact plus lecture (SUCRA = 81.5%), direct contact plus problem-based learning workshop (SUCRA = 77.4%), and indirect contact (SUCRA = 72.2%) having the highest probability of being ranked first, second, and third, respectively.
Our findings suggest that education combining social contact is the most effective anti-stigma intervention, which can be implemented in clinical practices to help reduce this stigma and improve healthcare services for patients with mental illness.
PDF
