Gender mainstreaming was acknowledged as an indispensable strategy for achieving gender equality at the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action. Since then, governments have made substantial efforts in ...developing gender-responsive policies and implementation strategies. The advent of climate change and its effects, which have continued to impact rural livelihoods and especially food security, demands that gender mainstreaming efforts are accelerated. Effective gender mainstreaming requires that gender is sufficiently integrated in policies, development plans, and implementation strategies, supported by budgetary allocations. This study analyzes the extent of gender integration in agricultural and natural resource policies in Uganda and Tanzania, and how gender is budgeted for in implementation plans at district and lower governance levels. A total of 155 policy documents, development plans, and annual action plans from national, district, and sub-county/ward levels were reviewed. In addition, district and sub-county budgets for four consecutive financial years from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 were analyzed for gender allocations. Results show that whereas there is increasing gender responsiveness in both countries, (i) gender issues are still interpreted as “women issues,” (ii) there is disharmony in gender mainstreaming across governance levels, (iii) budgeting for gender is not yet fully embraced by governments, (iii) allocations to gender at sub-national level remain inconsistently low with sharp differences between estimated and actual budgets, and (iv) gender activities do not address any structural inequalities. We propose approaches that increase capacity to develop and execute gender-responsive policies, implementation plans, and budgets.
Although the use of video games to achieve public relations (PR) goals is not new, there is limited extant research that analyzes such projects using PR theory or that takes into account ...organizations’ roles in their development. This study addresses this gap through an examination of the International Committee of the Red Cross's (ICRC) development of a creative mode called LifeRun within the global gaming phenomenon Fortnite. I argue that LifeRun must be analyzed as a strategic communication game and draw on critical PR theory to examine its use to reshape narratives of war in gaming. Using in-depth interviews, organizational documents, and media interviews, I analyze the organization's motivations and goals for developing LifeRun, the ways in which PR considerations shaped the project, and its implications for practical and scholarly work in this area.
Objective: The goal of this research is to build up a determined model of creation that unequivocally sees the arising tasks and scenarios of logistics in getting over new hoarding frameworks and ...authoritative designs and legitimate plans that have made due to new serious market pressure and competitiveness with a framework of a new theory ‘logistics strategic communication theory’.
Methodology: The research method used for this research paper is contextual analysis.
Findings: Logistics executives is a practice for organizations since it promotes competition and achieves improvements in the interest of the organizations. Logistics get combined into the general administration of the organization, bringing about a progression of data between various cycles and entertainers associated with the inventory network.
Implications: The presentation of ICT and the exceptional mechanical upheaval have made another serious climate, in light of the globalization of the economy and solid rivalry. Given this climate, organizations should confront making due in their areas, since it influences their worth chain. Hence, associations should overhaul their measures, figure out how to utilize ICT and speculations both unmistakable and elusive, to adjust to this new circumstance. Organizations, since it improves rivalry and accomplish enhancements in the benefit of them.
The major changes in the global security environment that took place at the end of the last millennium continue to deeply mark the first quarter of the 21st century, characterized by substantial ...changes in the classical instruments used in conducting a conflict. Also, the transformation of the informational environment has led to the emergence, development, adaptation, and contextualization of the use of strategic narratives with the aim of influencing people’s perceptions of the actions of power states and producing effects in the sense desired by them.The purpose of this article is to subject strategic narratives to attention, as part of contemporary hybrid confrontations, aiming to bring a better understanding of this subject, observing how they are used and with what effects, depending on the form in which they appear. Moreover, the article proposes a multilevel conceptual delimitation, approaching strategic narratives from the perspectives of text, context, and form, as highlighted in the most recent research in the specialized field. We will also consider their use in an allied context, with reference to working documents that NATO uses in strategic communication to influence target groups and audiences, both internal and external.
The current exploratory endeavour sets out to scrutinize the relationships between the corporate social responsibility (CSR) approach of fashion companies, their strategic CSR communication, ...corporate reputation, and consumers' propensity towards buying sustainable products. The study elaborates on consumers' perspective on these variables, comparing two-time frameworks, before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The empirical research was performed on 977 Millennials and Gen Zers, thus extending previous studies based on the generational theory. Emphasis was placed on the fashion sector as one of the industries most challenged by the pandemic, with Italy being one of the most affected European countries. Scrutiny relied on a questionnaire-based survey; data being processed via structural equation modelling (SEM) technique. The findings reveal that consumers attach great importance to the social and environmental sustainability practices applied by companies (i.e., circular economy issues, location of apparel production, organic production of raw materials, pollution generated during production, respect of workers’ rights and health, and use of recycled materials) and to the attributes of targeted products, even since the spread of the virus. The empirical evidence has substantive implications for scholars, professionals, and companies, urging that sustainability priorities are critical to favourable consumer behaviour, and implicitly to business survival.
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•Consumers attach importance to the sustainability practices of fashion companies.•COVID-19 has not significantly changed consumers' expectations of CSR practices.•The CSR approach influences consumer demand for sustainable products.•Young consumers prefer sustainable products over non-sustainable products.•Fashion companies are expected to adhere to cleaner production practices.
This paper analyzes the information disclosure problems originated in economics through the lens of information theory. Such problems are radically different from the conventional communication ...paradigms in information theory since they involve different objectives for the encoder and the decoder, which are aware of this mismatch and act accordingly. This leads, in our setting, to a hierarchical communication game, where the transmitter announces an encoding strategy with full commitment, and its distortion measure depends on a private information sequence whose realization is available at the transmitter. The receiver decides on its decoding strategy that minimizes its own distortion based on the announced encoding map and the statistics. Three problem settings are considered, focusing on the quadratic distortion measures, and jointly Gaussian source and private information: compression, communication, and the simple equilibrium conditions without any compression or communication. The equilibrium strategies and associated costs are characterized. The analysis is then extended to the receiver side information setting and the major changes in structure of optimal strategies are identified. Finally, an extension of the results to the broader context of decentralized stochastic control is presented.
How do individual politicians use the news media to reach their political goals? This study addresses the question by proposing an actor‐centered, functional approach. We distinguish 2 essential ...functions (and subfunctions) the mass media have for political elites. The media are a source of information; politicians depend on it for pure information and they can profit from the momentum generated by media information. The media also are an arena elites need access to in order to promote themselves and their issues. These 2 functions offer certain politicians a structural advantage over others and, hence, are relevant for the power struggle among political elites. A systematic functional account enables comparisons of the role of the media across politicians and political systems.
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