Amaç: Total oksidan seviye vücutta oksidatif stres düzeyinin arttığını gösteren ölçütlerden biridir. Total antioksidan seviye; total vücut antioksidan seviyesini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı ...günün farklı zamanlarında yapılan akut egzersizlerin total oksidan ve antioksidan düzeyi üzerine olan etkilerini antrenmanlı ve sedanter deneklerde karşılaştırmalı olarak araştırmaktır. Böylece sirkadiyen ritim ve egzersizin; TAS ve TOS düzeyini nasıl değiştirdiği, antrenmanlı ve sedanter denekler arasında fark olup olmadığı belirlenecektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya katılan 10 antrenmanlı ve 10 sedanter erkek denek sabah ve gece futbol maçı yapmışlardır. Maçtan önce ve maçtan hemen sonra venöz kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Serum total oksidan ve antioksidan düzeyi ELISA yöntemi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Total antioksidandüzeyiantrenmanlıvesedanterdeneklerdesabah 1.03±0.08 mmol/L’den 0.91±0.06 mmol/L’ye; 0.98±0.08 mmol/L’den 0.83±0.1 mmol/L’ye; sırasıyla vegece 0.94±0.1 mmol/L’den 0.82±0.09 mmol/L’ye; 1.11±0.16 mmol/L’den 0.96±0.10 mmol/L’ye; sırasıyla istatistikselolarakanlamlıorandaazalmıştır p < 0.01 . Total oksidandüzeyiantrenmanlıvesedanterdeneklerdesabah 14.96±4.3 µmol/L’den 18.01±8.6 µmol/L’ye; 13.65±2.7 µmol/L’den 18.33±2.9 µmol/L’ye; sırasıyla vegece 13.62±3.2 µmol/L’den 19.33±6.3 µmol/L’ye; 14.83±4.2 µmol/L’den 25.79±10.4 µmol/L’ye; sırasıyla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı oranda artmıştır p < 0.01 . Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonuçları akut egzersizin TAS düzeyini azaltırken TOS düzeyini artırdığını göstermektedir. Bunun sonucunda akut egzersiz sırasında oksidatif stresin arttığı ve egzersiz zamanının önemi açığa çıkmaktadır
Abstract
Objective
Present study aims to evaluate oxidative stress-mediated toxicity mechanisms of nano-ZnO (N-ZnO) compared to ZnCl
2
and bulk-ZnO (M-ZnO), using cyanobacterium as a toxicity ...assessment tool.
Methods
Nostoc muscorum
was used as a test organism and the experiments were performed in parallels after treated with 2–128 μM of N-ZnO, M-ZnO, and ZnCl
2
.
Results
Low concentrations of ZnCl
2
(2–8 μM) and N-ZnO (16–32 μM) led to a significant increase in the carotenoids, which could be ascribed to its role as an antioxidant, whereas higher concentrations were inhibitory to the photosynthetic pigments. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and accelerated lipid peroxidation depicted significant accumulation of superoxide and peroxide radicals in
N. muscorum
exposed to N-ZnO and ZnCl
2
. The non-enzymatic antioxidants such as proline and total phenols also showed enhanced accumulations up to 16 and 64 μM of ZnCl
2
and N-ZnO treatment, respectively.
Conclusion
Our results for the very first time depicted the significant accumulation of stress biomarkers in
N. muscorum
in response to deleterious effects of oxidative stress caused by N-ZnO, ZnCl
2
, and M-ZnO. Present results revealed varying levels of toxicity of various forms of zinc, which decreased in an order of ZnCl
2
>N-ZnO>M-ZnO.
NARCISTIČNA RANJIVOST I RAZVOD BRAKA Ernečić, Maja; Patričević, Sonja
Ljetopis socijalnog rada,
07/2017, Letnik:
24, Številka:
1
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Osobine ličnosti određuju karakterističan i dosljedan način ponašanja pojedinca, kao i načina reagiranja u stresnim situacijama. Opće je poznato kako je razvod braka jedan od najstresnijih događaja u ...životu pojedinca. Sposobnost prilagodbe pojedinca ovisi između ostalog i o prisutnosti narcisitičnih osobina ličnosti. Narcistična ranjivost je svojevrstan obrambeni mehanizam koji se aktivira u situacijama intenzivnog stresa izazvanog razvodom braka. To nije sinonim za kliničku dijagnozu narcističnog poremećaja, međutim, ovisno o razini povrede samopoštovanja pojedinca i poteškoćama oporavka, može prerasti u patološki narcizam. Narcistična ranjivost označava način na koji će pojedinac reagirati na udarce vezane uz vlastito samopoštovanje te u kojoj će mjeri udarci biti prijeteći za pojedinca. Većina ljudi će povrede s vremenom razriješiti i oporaviti se. Za razliku od većine, narcistično ranjiviji pojedinci, nakon doživljenih povreda teško će se oporaviti i očuvati vlastito samopoštovanje. Povrede mogu trajati dugi period, istim intenzitetom, a osoba može razviti narcistični poremećaj ličnosti. Visokokonfliktni razvod braka sve je više u fokusu interesa stručnjaka kao i šire javnosti. Velik dio studija bavi se psihološkim učincima konflikta na djecu, manipulativnim ponašanjima roditelja, kao i
poteškoćama odgoja djece nakon razvoda. Ličnost roditelja u ovim se područjima prepoznaje kao bitna, međutim nedovoljno se objašnjava njen utjecaj. Ovaj rad jedan je od prvih koji se bavi razmatranjem psiholoških procesa narcističnog pojedinca u situaciji razvoda braka što može doprinijeti razumijevanju postupaka bivših partnera i boljem razumijevanju visokokonfliktnih razvoda braka koji su danas prepoznati kao izuzetno važan psihosocijalni problem.
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is the most widely used immunosuppressive drug for preventing graft rejection and autoimmune disease. However, the therapeutic treatment induces several side effects such as ...nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hypertension, and hepatotoxicity. Curcumin has been successfully used as a potent antioxidant against many pathophysiological states. This experimental study was performed to test, during CsA treatment, the alterations of curcumin antioxidant properties against CsA-induced endothelial dysfunction. Rats were divided into four groups: control, curcumin alone, CsA, and CsA + curcumin; each group containing eight animals. The animals in the CsA + curcumin group were treated with CsA (10 days, 25 mg/kg, orally) and curcumin (15 days, 200 mg/kg, orally, starting 5 days before CsA administration). At the end of the treatments, the animals were killed; serum and aorta tissue were treated for biochemical and morphological analyses. The results indicate that CsA-induced aortic endothelial dysfunction was characterized by morphological and ultrastructural alterations in tissue architecture, changes in malondialdehyde and ferric reducing/antioxidant power levels, and increase in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and terminal-deoxynucleotidyl-transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) expression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the imbalance between production of free oxygen radicals and antioxidant defence systems, due to CsA administration, is a mechanism responsible for oxidative stress. Moreover, we show that curcumin plays a protective action against CsA-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress, as supported by biochemical, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and TUNEL results.
Objective. We aimed to evaluate the levels of oxidative stress (OS) parameters such as total antioxidant status or TAS, total oxidant status (TOS), OS index (OSI), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), arylesterase, ...and total thiol in hypertensive patients with and without asymptomatic organ damage (AOD), and to determine the relationship between these parameters and AOD. Design. Sixty-six patients (21 men, 45 women) with AOD and 66 patients without AOD (21 men, 45 women) were enrolled in the study. Serum OS parameters were measured by colorimetric method. Results. The OSI levels were found to be higher while PON1, PON1/high-density lipoprotein, and arylesterase levels were found to be lower in patients with AOD compared with those in the patients without AOD. Stepwise regression analysis showed high 24-h mean systolic blood pressure, OSI, and low arylesterase level to be independent predictors of AOD. Conclusion. OS level was found to be higher in hypertensive patients with AOD compared with the patients without AOD. However, it is not clear whether increased OS leads to AOD or AOD increases the level of OS. For this purpose, OS level needs to be decreased by antioxidant therapies and patients need to be followed up for a longer duration.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is widely cultivated throughout the world for use as a medicinal plant and oil consumption purposes; however its salt tolerance has not been clarified. To ...investigate the effect of salt stress on its growth and on activity of antioxidative enzymes in different organs, castor bean plants at the 4-leaf stage were subjected to 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl admixed to Hoagland's solution for 10 days under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that salt stress inhibited plant growth (root and shoot length, fresh root and shot weight) but root growth was more affected then shoot. Relative water content of leaves and the membrane stability of the leaves were decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) was sharply decreased by escalation of salt stress. However activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was enhanced under moderate salt stress (100 mM NaCl) in both root and shoot but then decreased with increased NaCl concentration. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with the increase of the concentration of NaCl in shoots and root. However alternation in enzymatic antioxidant activity was noticed in shoot compared to root. Increased H2O2, total soluble protein, proline content and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in both plant's organs was linearly and positively correlated with increasing NaCl concentration. The results of this study suggest that the salt sensitivity of Castor bean plant under salt stress conditions is probably due to a lack of efficient activity of CAT and GPX probably lead to imperfect H2O2 scavenging.
Navadni kloščevec (Ricinus communis L.) se v svetovnem merilu pogosto goji kot zdravilna rastlina ali zaradi uporabnega olja, njegova toleranca na solni stres pa še ni bila raziskana. Za preučevanje vpliva solnega stresa na rast in aktivnost antioksidacijskih encimov smo navadni kloščevec izpostavili v razvojni fazi 4 listov koncentracijam NaCl 50, 100 in 200 mM, raztopljenih v Hoaglandovi raztopini in rastline gojili deset dni v rastlinjaku. Rezultati so pokazali, da je solni stres inhibiral rast rastlin (dolžino korenin in poganjkov in njihovo svežo težo), vendar je bila rast korenin bolj inhibirana. Relativna vsebnost vode in integriteta membran listnega tkiva sta upadali z naraščajočo koncentracijo NaCl. Aktivnost gvajakol peroksidaze (GPX) in katalaze (CAT) je močno upadla po povečanju solnega stresa. Aktivnost askorbat peroksidaze (APX) se je povečala v razmerah zmernega solnega stresa (100 mM NaCl) v koreninanh in poganjku, vendar je s povečevanjem koncentracije NaCL potem upadla. Aktivnost superoksid dismutaze (SOD) se je s povečevanjem koncentracije NaCl povečevala v koreninah in poganjku. Kljub temu je bilo v poganjku opaziti večje spremembe v encimatski antioksidacijski aktivnosti v primerjavi s koreninami. Vsebnost H2O2, celokupnih topnih proteinov, prolina in malondialdehida (MDA) se je v obeh organih linearno povečevala z naraščajočo koncentracijo NaCl. Rezultati te raziskave kažejo, da je občutljivost navadnega kloščevca na solni stres posledica nezadostne aktivnosti encimov CAT in GPX, kar verjetno vodi do nepopolne presnove H2O2.
Abstract
Objective
The present study aims to investigate the short-term effects of resveratrol on histopathological characteristics and inflammatory cytokines of the heart and thoracic aorta tissues ...in animal models of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; (1) control/vehicle, (2) control/20 mg/kg resveratrol, (3) diabetic/vehicle, (4) diabetic/20 mg/kg resveratrol. Heart and thoracic aorta were examined histopathologically and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18 and tissue necrosis factor (TNF)-α were analyzed by ELISA. Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined with HPLC.
Results
Diabetes group had significantly higher vascular MDA content (p<0.05) as compared with the control and resveratrol treated groups. Resveratrol significantly reduced vascular MDA level in diabetic animals (p<0.05). Significant elevation in IL-1β and TNF-α contents in thoracic aorta and IL-18 contents in cardiac and arterial tissues with diabetes were almost normalized with resveratrol treatment. Additionally, diabetic animals demonstrated significant endothelial damage, irregularities in smooth muscle fibers and degeneration of elastic fibers in thoracic aortas together with significant irregularities and hypertrophy in cardiac muscle fibers. Resveratrol significantly improved most of these histopathological alterations.
Conclusion
Four-week-long intraperitoneal administration of resveratrol may restore the diabetes related inflammation and oxidative stress within the cardiovascular system.
Abstract
Objective
The objective of the current study is to investigate the protective effect of
Solenostemma argel
(
S. argel
) treatment on ethanol (EtOH)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat liver.
...Methods
Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups as control,
S. argel
(100 mg/kg), EtOH (3 g/kg) and
S. argel
+ EtOH groups.
S. argel
was given 1 h prior to EtOH by oral gavage for 28 days.
Results
The results showed that, administration of EtOH caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum total protein and albumin, whereas ALT and AST and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were increased following EtOH treatment.
S. argel
treatment significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated the previous parameters. Protein carbonyl, reduced glutathione and LPO levels were significantly (p<0.05) increased along with glutathione-S-transferase activity was decreased (as markers of oxidative stress) in EtOH treated rat liver. Previous oxidative stress was attenuated significantly by
S. argel
treatment. Moreover, in EtOH group, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) contents and cytochrome P450 2E1 activity were significantly increased in liver tissues showing oxidative organ damage. Co-administration of
S. argel
with EtOH significantly reversed the inflammation in rat livers.
Conclusion
S. argel
had a hepatoprotective role against EtOH-induce oxidative stress and inflammation in rat liver.
Stwardnienie rozsiane to choroba zapalno-demielinizacyjna ośrodkowego układu nerwowego o dotychczas nieznanej przyczynie. W przebiegu stwardnienia rozsianego następuje uszkodzenie osłonki mielinowej ...komórek nerwowych oraz śmierć neuronów i oligodendrocytów. W ostatnich latach zwrócono uwagę, że ogniwem łączącym proces zapalny z neurodegeneracją może być stres oksydacyjny, czyli przewaga tworzenia wolnych rodników nad ich eliminacją przez systemy antyoksydacyjne komórki. Udowodniono, iż stres oksydacyjny ma związek z patogenezą wielu chorób neurodegeneracyjnych, w tym choroby Parkinsona czy choroby Alzheimera. Wykazano także jego udział w patogenezie stwardnienia rozsianego. W związku z tym zwalczanie stresu oksydacyjnego stało się jednym z nowych celów terapeutycznych. W badaniach przedklinicznych i klinicznych oceniano skuteczność różnych substancji o właściwościach antyoksydacyjnych, m.in. polifenoli, witamin, kwasu α-liponowego czy ekstraktów z Ginkgo biloba, jako potencjalnych leków na stwardnienie rozsiane. Ich skuteczność w modelach zwierzęcych rzadko znajduje odzwierciedlenie w wynikach badań klinicznych, ale wybrane związki są obecnie w trakcie oceny klinicznej. W badaniach zarówno przedklinicznych, jak i klinicznych skuteczny okazał się fumaran dimetylu, zarejestrowany w 2013 roku do leczenia stwardnienia rozsianego. Mechanizm działania tego związku nie został jeszcze w pełni poznany. Wiadomo jednak, że pobudza on naturalny szlak antyoksydacyjny związany z czynnikiem transkrypcyjnym Nrf2, co prowadzi do redukcji nasilenia stresu oksydacyjnego.
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