This radical study argues against the view that the historian's craft has remained largely unchanged since classical times. Includes detailed discussion of the work of Thucydides, Cicero, Sallust, ...Livy and Tacitus.
A. J. Woodman is Gildersleeve Professor of Classics at the University of Virginia. He has written widely on Roman history, especially Tacitus, and co-edited, with R. H. Martin, Annals III and IV (1996 and 1989 respectively).
'This is a work that should be read not only by professional ancient historians, but also by all students of the ancient world who want to understand the extent to which it can be reconstructed.' – Times Literary Supplement 'This important and pugnaciously challenging book should be necessary reading for all classicists and ancient historians.' – Classical Review 'Professor Woodman provides an extensive bibliography, and his book is readable, stimulating and thoroughly well-informed throughout. Students of historiography and others concerned with the way the ancient historians are interpreted would do well to peruse it.' – The Greek Gazette
'This stimulating and original book is certain to produce strong reactions.' - Phoenix
'This is a very impressive work. Presentation is excellent. Woodman writes with great precision and incisiveness, as well as agreeable pugnacity...This book is by a long way the best available treatment of this difficult topic.' - History of the Human Sciences
This book contains academic papers and posters of the Cumulus Antwerp conference, held in Antwerp on 12-15 April 2023. The Cumulus community, designers, artists, and educators were invited to submit ...contributions on how culture and creative industry can offer resilience, consolation, and innovation models on human scale, in line with the conference theme ‘Connectivity and Creativity in times of Conflict’.
'You speak a language that I understand not.' Hermione's words to Leontes in The Winter's Tale are likely to ring true with many people reading or watching Shakespeare's plays today. For decades, ...people have been studying Shakespeare's life and times, and in recent years there has been a renewed surge of interest into aspects of his language. So how can we better understand Shakespeare? How did he manipulate language to produce such an unrivalled body of work, which has enthralled generations both as theatre and as literature? David Crystal addresses these and many other questions in this lively and original introduction to Shakespeare's language. Covering in turn the five main dimensions of language structure - writing system, pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, and conversational style - the book shows how examining these linguistic 'nuts and bolts' can help us achieve a greater appreciation of Shakespeare's linguistic creativity.
Mind Style and Cognitive Grammar advances our understanding of mind style: the experience of other minds, or worldviews, through language in literature. This book is the first to set out a detailed, ...unified framework for the analysis of mind style using the account of language and cognition set out in cognitive grammar. Drawing on insights from cognitive linguistics, Louise Nuttall aims to explain how character and narrator minds are created linguistically, with a focus on the strange minds encountered in the genre of speculative fiction. Previous analyses of mind style are reconsidered using cognitive grammar, alongside original analyses of four novels by Margaret Atwood, Kazuo Ishiguro, Richard Matheson and J.G. Ballard. Responses to the texts in online forums and literary critical studies ground the analyses in the experiences of readers, and support an investigation of this effect as an embodied experience cued by the language of a text. Mind Style and Cognitive Grammar advances both stylistics and cognitive linguistics, whilst offering new insights for research in speculative fiction.
Although previous studies have shown significant associations between individual lifestyles and metabolic syndrome, limited studies have explored the combined effect of lifestyles. The purpose of ...this study was to investigate whether a combined lifestyle score was associated with metabolic syndrome incidence in Hong Kong Chinese women. This prospective cohort study included 1634 women (55.9 ± 8.6 years) without baseline metabolic syndrome, diabetes, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Eight lifestyle factors (smoking, physical activity, sedentary time, sleep, stress, fatigue, diet, and alcohol) were included by assigning 0 (unhealthy) or 1 point (healthy). The overall score was the sum of these points, ranging from 0 (the least healthy) to 8 points (the healthiest). Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by the joint interim statement. During a 1.16-year follow-up, 179 (11.0%) new metabolic syndrome cases were identified. The incidences for the 0-3-point, 4-point, 5-point, and 6-8-point groups were 12.8% (79/618), 11.5% (42/366), 9.4% (29/309), and 8.5% (29/341), respectively. Compared to the lowest combined lifestyle score group, the highest group had a 47% reduced metabolic syndrome incidence, with an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of 0.53 (0.33-0.86) (
= 0.010). These findings indicate that a higher combined lifestyle score was associated with a lower metabolic syndrome incidence in this population.
A meta-analysis of 150 research reports summarizing the results of multiple behavior domain interventions examined theoretical predictions about the effects of the included number of recommendations ...on behavioral and clinical change in the domains of smoking, diet, and physical activity. The meta-analysis yielded 3 main conclusions. First, there is a curvilinear relation between the number of behavioral recommendations and improvements in behavioral and clinical measures, with a moderate number of recommendations producing the highest level of change. A moderate number of recommendations is likely to be associated with stronger effects because the intervention ensures the necessary level of motivation to implement the recommended changes, thereby increasing compliance with the goals set by the intervention, without making the intervention excessively demanding. Second, this curve was more pronounced when samples were likely to have low motivation to change, such as when interventions were delivered to nonpatient (vs. patient) populations, were implemented in nonclinic (vs. clinic) settings, used lay community (vs. expert) facilitators, and involved group (vs. individual) delivery formats. Finally, change in behavioral outcomes mediated the effects of number of recommended behaviors on clinical change. These findings provide important insights that can help guide the design of effective multiple behavior domain interventions.
The current meta-analysis sought to examine the relations of individual differences in intelligence with individual differences in reflective (or rational or analytic) thinking style and intuitive ...thinking style.
Using multiple search strategies, we located 8,425 data sources that we considered for inclusion in the current meta-analysis. The screening of the data sources resulted in 58 independent non-clinical samples with adult participants (N = 15,569).
Using Schmidt and Hunter's (2015) meta-analytic procedures, we found a significant positive meta-analytic relation between reflective thinking style and intelligence (ρ = 0.274, 95% CI = 0.114 to 0.340) and a nonsignificant negative relation between intuitive thinking style and intelligence (ρ = −0.095; 95% CI = −0.203 to 0.013). In addition to the main effects, we reported the results of publication bias tests and moderator analyses.
We discussed the results in terms of their contribution and future research directions. Given our results, an important future research direction involves examining the additive (i.e., incremental) and interactive effects of thinking styles and intelligence on important decision-making outcomes (e.g., job performance, health behavior).
Coaches' behaviors and coaching styles play a critical role in influencing athletes' psychological experiences and performance. According to the self-determination theory (SDT), coaches' ...interpersonal behaviors are commonly categorized as autonomy-supportive and controlling. Due to less focus on the unique behaviors of Chinese coaches, this study incorporated coaches' parental care for athletes, referred to as paternalistic benevolence, in their interpersonal styles in the context of the Chinese culture.
Exploratory factor analyses were used in studies 1 and 2 to find items associated with benevolent coaching behaviors and items to create the Chinese Coaches' Interpersonal Style Scale. Study 3 used the constructed scale, as well as the Subjective Vitality Scale and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, with a sample of athletes to examine scale reliability. The 15-item Chinese Coaches' Interpersonal Style Scale contained three dimensions: benevolent, autonomy-supportive, and controlling coaching styles.
The findings showed that: (1) benevolent coaching behaviors held significant explanatory weight in the Chinese cultural context; (2) controlling and autonomy-supportive coaching styles were culturally congruent among both Eastern and Western athletes; and (3) benevolent and autonomy-supportive coaching behaviors positively impacted athletes, whereas controlling coaching behaviors had a negative impact.
The measure showed strong validity and reliability, making it useful for future practice and research on the interpersonal style of Chinese coaches.
Background and purpose
Research promoting the health of the brain has increased exponentially over the last decade. The importance of ‘brain health’ for multiple sclerosis (MS), as one example, is a ...high priority. However, as research into the concept increases, so does varied use of the term.
Methods
A scoping review, guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs Institute, was conducted to collate the evidence relating to brain health for MS. A comprehensive literature search incorporated six search strategies to retrieve both scientific and grey literature sources. All evidence sources were qualitatively charted and synthesized (meta‐synthesis) according to their definition of brain health used, outcome measures and brain‐healthy lifestyle elements.
Results
Seventy evidence sources (34 peer reviewed, 36 grey literature) were eligible for inclusion. Of these, just over half (n = 40, 57%) provided a definition of brain health. The most common definition alluded to the biomedical model of neurological reserve (n = 22, 55%), a self‐remodelling theory described to retain optimal brain function. Twenty‐nine outcome measures of brain health were identified, the most frequent being magnetic resonance imaging metrics (n = 25, 83%). Physical activity was the most prevalent brain‐healthy lifestyle element (n = 44), followed by avoidance of smoking (n = 26) and diet (n = 24).
Conclusions
Brain health should be considered a primary target for optimal disease and lifestyle management across the MS disease course. A working definition reflecting a shift from a medical lens towards broader biopsychosocial contexts that may influence brain health for people living with MS is proposed.
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