The objective was to evaluate the technological processing (protection strategies and storage conditions) influence on viability, on probiotic properties and adsorbent aflatoxin B1 capacity of ...S. boulardii RC009. Also, the yeast biological safety was evaluated. Lyophilisation (DL) and encapsulation + lyophilisation (EL) were conducted. Yeast protected with maltodextrin (M) or WPC stored at 4 °C reduced 1 and 2 log the viability, respectively. Yeast protected with M stored at 25 °C reduced 1 log after 70 d; with WPC the viability significantly reduced 3 log after 30 d. Technological processing improved the coaggregation’s capacity with pathogens and DL process allowed the greatest AFB1 adsorption. S. boulardii 106 cells/mL were no toxic to Vero cells (p˂0.05). Saccharomyces boulardii RC009 protected with M or WPC maintained viability after technological processing. It possesses a great capacity for AFB1 adsorption and probiotic properties and could be considered a candidate with proven safety for functional food products development.
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•Commercial refinery syrup was a good substrate for Saccharomyces boulardii growth.•Maltodextrin and WPC were efficient protectors in ensuring the yeast viability.•The lyophilised yeast achieved high percentages of AFB1 adsorption.•Saccharomyces boulardii cells were non-toxic in Vero cells up to 106 CFU/mL.
Stress load on harvest‐size common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) just before harvest, during harvest and during the post‐harvest storage were assessed using haematological and biochemical indices. The ...study was carried out at the 60 ha Dřemliny pond for 28, 7 and 1 day before harvest, during 3‐day harvest and after a 28‐day post‐harvest period. Indices monitored included the relative spleen weight (SSI), erythrocyte count (Er), haemoglobin levels (Hb), haematocrit (PCV), MCV, MCH, MCHC, leucocrit (Bc), differential leucocyte count (leucogram), blood plasma cortisol, glucose, total proteins (TP), cholesterol and chloride.
During harvest, a significant decrease of SSI (P<0.05; P<0.01), increase of PCV (P<0.01), decrease of Bc (P<0.01, P<0.05), lymphopenia (P<0.05) and neutrophilia (P<0.01) were observed. A significant increase in the levels of blood plasma cortisol was found 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) due to draining off the pond before harvest itself, hyperglycaemia was observed 1 day before harvest (P<0.05) and during harvest (P<0.01); a decrease, on the other hand, was found in cholesterol and chloride levels (P<0.01). The relationships between oxygen content in water and SSI and MCHC were positive (P>0.05) and between oxygen and glucose were negative (P>0.01).
A 28‐day post‐harvest storage returned the indices investigated back to physiological interval of values. Persistently lower levels of Bc, lymphopenia, neutrophilia and lower TP concentrations are indicative of deepening immunosuppression during the post‐harvest storage period.
Changes of haematological and biochemical indices during harvest in relation to hypoxia, fish handling and higher stocking rates are also discussed.
A comparative study was conducted on nine batches of wine, from the same initial wine, subjected to malolactic fermentation and ageing in barrels, under different technological conditions: Malolactic ...fermentation in barrel or in tank, with or without wine clarification, ageing with or without lees and stirring or no stirring of the lees. Samples were taken of the initial wine, of the wine at the end of malolactic fermentation, of the wines after clarifying treatments, and after 3, 6, 9, 12 and 14 months of ageing in the barrel, making a total of 48 wines. As a result of the anthocyanin analysis of all the wines studied, a total of 21 different anthocyanin compounds were detected, which can be classified into four groups: simple glucosides, acetyl glucosides, cinnamoyl glucosides and pyroanthocyanins. During MLF, it was shown that the effect of the container used seems to be more important than the metabolic activity of the bacteria responsible for the process. From application of the LSD test, significant differences were found in the concentrations of all the anthocyanin compounds identified due to ageing time and significant differences were also revealed for most anthocyanin compounds in relation to the manufacturing method, especially the presence or absence of lees.
It would not be an exaggeration to say that adhesive joints have been an essential part of the construction industry for several decades now. However, a substantial disadvantage of bonded joints are ...the very strict requirements for adherence to the technological procedures defined by the manufacturers of assembly systems. Even a slight deviation from the recommended application steps can have a significant effect on the integrity of the entire system. In the research, five of the most common types of failure to comply with technological procedures in the realization of facade cladding were selected. The aim of the research project was to determine the extent to which a failure to adhere to technological procedures during facade construction can influence the effectiveness of the bonded joint. In construction practice, it is quite common during the implementation of a project that there are failures to comply with multiple requirements, or deviations from the prescribed procedures. For this reason, not only individual types of failure to comply with technological procedures were tested, but also their combinations. Altogether, 31 combinations of selected types of failure to comply with technological procedures were tested on one type of cladding. The adhesive joint was tested for shear strength and the adhesion of the adhesive to the substrate on a total of 352 samples. The results of the tests clearly confirm the hypothesis that failure to comply with technological procedures has a significant effect on the effectiveness of bonded joints. It is mainly the different combinations of failure to comply with technological procedures where the bonded joint loses effectiveness in the order of tens of percentage points.
To investigate the enological factors associated with biogenic amine content in wines, 224 samples of red wine were industrially manufactured. Differences in the amines and corresponding precursor ...amino acids of these wines due to their producing cellar and vintage were examined. The main effects of some technological procedures in the biogenic amine content of these wines was also described using multifactor analysis of variance. The results of the study indicate that vintage can clearly influence the amine contents of wines. It was also noticed that some enological practices widely used to enhance wine quality, such as the ageing of wine on lees and, mainly, longer grape skin maceration, strongly increased biogenic amine concentration. However, the addition of pectolytic enzymes did not favour the accumulation of any biogenic amine. With this study, it was also possible to conclude that the inoculation of wine with commercial malolactic starters minimises the levels of biogenic amines.
Opisuju se dvije osnovne metode proizvodnje mješavine cementne stabilizacije primjenjene pri izradi nosivih slojeva kolničkih konstrukcija: proizvodnja u postrojenjima za miješanje i proizvodnja na ...mjestu ugradnje. Prikazana su novija iskustva u primjeni tih dviju metoda. Analizirani su rezultati ispitivanja tlačnih čvrstoća mješavina pripremljeni po obadva postupka. Izneseni su neki problemi i iskustva vezani uz sastavne materijale za pripremu mješavina cementne stabilizacije.
This article deals with issues related to the measurement of TLS technology, or 3D scanning in road construction. Based on the data and results obtained, a technological procedure for the use of TLS ...technology on highways and A-roads will be drawn up, mainly for monitoring the transition areas of bridges, which currently does not exist in the Czech Republic. A smooth connection between two different structures in the transition areas should provide a comfortable crossing of the bridge structure. In order to unambiguously determine the movements in these areas, it is necessary to eliminate any inaccuracies that may affect the final result. For this reason, it was necessary to use a combination of traditional geodetic methods and special geodesy methods. In addition, several innovative methods were used, which emerged in this work based on newly emerging facts. All these operations and the presentation of the results will be described in this work.
The work deal with economic classification of two variants of technological process by carrot production. First variants presents raising of carrot on ridge, the second raising of carrot on uphill ...beds. Datas needed for model calculation were detected by direct metering in real conditions, with investgation by users and producers of machines. With utilization of these statement were with the help of programme AGROTEKIS provided model calculation of operating costs of machines and mechanical tools. These data were exploited for calculation of costs by carrot production in both assessed variants. The results shows about mild growth of costs by growing of carrot on ridge (difference circa 3,5 %). Calculated values by general costs with overhead costs are 80 120–99 772 CZK.ha−1. The biggest costs part falls on soil preparation (25–30 %), harvest and manipulation (43–46 %).
This work has been focused on the investigation of the technological procedure of Mudejar mortars applied to the characterization of a representative group of unaltered samples from an example church ...of Mudejar architecture of Aragon. The research was carried out using multi-analytical techniques including petrographic study, chemistry and mineralogical analysis. The results obtained have made it possible to classify the samples and to learn about the traditional technological procedures. All mortars analysed present a homogeneous composition. The binder is made up of a mixture of gypsum and a very low proportion of lime, while the main components of the aggregate are gypsum and carbonate rock fragments, both in a different thermal state of decomposition. The results have proved that both, binder and aggregates display the same composition in these mortars. These aggregates are the by-product of a grinding process of the previously burnt raw materials which have had a positive influence on the properties of the mortars in improving their quality.
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