The purpose of the article/hypothesis: The considerations presented in this article aim to focus on the final choice of benchmarks in Japan, which operated the LIBOR rate expressed in Japanese yen. ...In turn, the main purpose of the article is to try to answer whether the newly selected alternative benchmarks in the Tokyo market meet the characteristics of an ideal rate.Methodology: The paper reviews the literature, studies of regulators and index administrators, presenting the stages of reform, the selection of alternative reference rates and making a comparative analysis with the previously functioning LIBOR rate. Due to the subject of the analysis, basic statistical methods were used.Results of the research: The course of benchmark reform in the Japanese market indicates that the reform has been successfully thought out and implemented, and the rates proposed as alternatives are well able to replace the JPY LIBOR rate. However, it should be noted that in this market it was decided that there are three alternatives to choose from covering both interbank rates and risk-free rates. These rates are referred to as: TONA, TIBOR and TORF. Under these circumstances, market participants must consider the optimal choice of comparative options depending on their financial products, the nature of the transactions they are dealing with and their own individual business needs. However, judging whether they are better than the LIBOR rate, the answer is positive because they are based on acts.
Phage Φ80 can infect Escherichia coli in a stealthy manner and persist by forming lysogens. Such Φ80 lysogens are fairly common and often go undetected unless the host is grown at temperatures below ...37°C. Since low growth temperatures are required for growing temperature‐sensitive mutants and often preferred for large‐scale applications such as protein production, Φ80‐resistant strains would be useful. We report the construction of E. coli strains that cannot be efficiently lysogenized or infected by bacteriophage Φ80. These strains contain combinations of deletions or mutations in the bacterial attachment site for Φ80 integration and/or deletions in the genes required for phage absorption to the host outer membrane. These strains should help contain and prevent Φ80 infection of E. coli cultures in a laboratory or industrial setting.
Srinivas and Cronan construct an Escherichia coli mutants lacking a functional outer membrane receptor (TonB) and a bacterial attachment site (attΦ80) on the genome and demonstrate their resistance to lytic infection and lysogeny by the phage phi80. Phi80 is a bacteriophage that forms stealthy lysogens that are stable at normal growth temperatures but quickly turn lytic at lower temperatures. This mutant strain would help avoid phage‐induced lytic loss of valuable strains in industrial and laboratory settings.
SUMMARYThe production quantity of poultry products is increasing in the world economy with every passing day. The increase in chick quality is synonymous with the increase in the number of saleable ...chicks in terms of the poultry industry. In addition, in order to obtain high-quality products, one should start production with high-quality chicks as well as providing the ideal environmental conditions starting from the first day of incubation. The additive gene effects on chick quality are very low, whereas environmental factors have a large effect. Environmental factors affecting chick quality can be classified as egg storage period and conditions, age and genotype of breeder flock, incubation conditions, incubation types and post-hatch handling. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to determine chick quality. The quantitative methods employed include such morphological measurements as chick weight, chick length, leg length, chest circumference, and the diameter of shank. The qualitative methods used to determine chick quality are visual assessment-based methods which are called the Pasgar score and the Tona score. In recent years, the Tona and Pasgar methods have been used frequently in studies carried out with respect to measuring the effects of various environmental practices on chick quality. This paper aims to review the studies carried out concerning chick quality, the factors influencing chick quality, and the determination of chick quality and makes some suggestions for future studies to be conducted on chick quality assessment.
High-grade gold and uranium mineralization in the Witwatersrand basin is intimately associated with pyrobitumen, implying that hydrocarbons may have played a role in the genesis of these ores. The ...nature of the pyrobitumen in the Carbon Leader Reef was therefore investigated to determine if hydrocarbons were essential to the ore-forming process. The relative proportions of trace elements in pyrobitumen seams and nodules are, in large part, similar to those of organic-rich shales located within the sedimentary succession. This indicates a strong genetic relationship between the pyrobitumen and the shales. A network of veins and veinlets filled with pyrobitumen, and the occurrence of oil inclusions in detrital and authigenic quartz grains, provide compelling evidence that the pyrobitumen was derived from a mobile (liquid hydrocarbon) precursor that circulated in the Carbon Leader Reef. Uranium, Au, Sb, Pb, Ag, Te, Th, Bi, Se and W are enriched relative to their concentrations in the shales. This is particularly the case for U and Au. The pervasive and relatively homogeneous distribution of the uranium is consistent with the presence of ubiquitous, submicroscopic uraninite in the pyrobitumen documented in an earlier study. In contrast, the distribution of the gold is heterogeneous, indicating the presence of irregularly distributed gold micrograins. These grains are concentrated mainly in the interstices between pyrobitumen nodules. Secondary minerals, such as brannerite, monazite-(Ce) and galena, are also concentrated in these interstices.
On the basis of this study, we propose that intrabasinal shale units of the Witwatersrand Supergroup were the source for the pyrobitumen in the Carbon Leader Reef. These shales produced and released liquid hydrocarbons during the burial of the sedimentary succession. Phyllosilicates enriched in trace metals were transferred from the shales into the newly produced liquid hydrocarbons and were transported stratigraphically upward by the latter into the Carbon Leader Reef. During migration, the liquid hydrocarbons dissolved detrital uraninite present in the basin, adding to the uranium budget. The liquid hydrocarbons were converted into pyrobitumen in response to further burial, and precipitated uraninite nanocrystals. Post-depositional, hydrothermal fluids interacted with the hydrocarbons and deposited gold by reduction on hydrocarbon surfaces. The interaction of these fluids with the hydrocarbons may have released U, Th, REE, Pb and Ti from the hydrocarbons and triggered the formation of secondary brannerite, monazite-(Ce) and galena. The results of this study provide convincing evidence that the hydrocarbon liquids that formed the pyrobitumen seams in the Carbon Leader Reef played an essential role in the remobilization and redeposition of uranium and gold, respectively, in the Witwatersrand Supergroup.
•Pyrobitumen represents the residues of liquid hydrocarbons produced in intra-basinal shale units.•Uranium is ubiquitous in pyrobitumen seams and is mainly present as invisible uraninite.•Hydrocarbon liquids dissolved detrital uraninite during their migration through the Witwatersrand basin.•Gold was precipitated from hydrothermal fluids by reduction on hydrocarbon surfaces•Hydrothermal leaching of hydrocarbons led to the formation of secondary minerals.
En este trabajo se analizan dos cuentos del importante pero poco estudiado libro El diosero (1952), de Francisco Rojas González, como dos posturas antitéticas sobre lo indígena. “La tona” e “Hículi ...Hualula” se inscriben en un contexto donde el debate sobre la mexicani-dad se encontraba en boga tanto por la institución literaria como por la antropológica. Antropólogo de profesión, Rojas González aparece como una figura que a través de una de sus narraciones problematizará la dis-ciplina a la que pertenece. La postura del autor sobre el conocimiento del indígena será un antecedente para la literatura indigenista mexicana posterior y para el pensamiento latinoamericano que pondrá en duda la superioridad del conocimiento de occidente. / This paper analyzes two tales from the important but unex-plored book El diosero (1952), by Francisco Rojas González, as two an-tithetical positions on the indigenous. “La tona” and “Hícula Hualula” are part of a context where the debate about Mexicanness was in vogue in the literary institution as well as in the anthropological one. Anthropologist by profession, Rojas González appears as a figure who, through one of his narrations, would problematize the discipline to which he belonged. The author’s position on indigenous knowledge would set a precedent for later Mexican indigenist literature and for the Latin American thought that would put in doubt the superiority of West’s knowledge.
Understanding the operation of family businesses is important worldwide. It is worth examining and evaluating this kind of business in terms of the family, the business and the ownership dimensions. ...There are no research findings known to provide an international and aggregated cross-sector analysis of family businesses. The purpose of this theoretical approach is to present a new method. With this method it would be possible to carry out a cross-sector and international comparative statistical analysis of family enterprises. This is suitable for making an aggregated analysis of one or more companies. The simultaneous or separate examination of the development of dimensions can assist family businesses in measuring their own status. The TONA model is applicable to measuring the evolution of family businesses and can show the differences between sectors or countries in an illustrative way.
En este trabajo se analizan dos cuentos del importante pero poco estudiado libro El diosero (1952), de Francisco Rojas González, como dos posturas antitéticas sobre el indígena. “La tona” e “Hículi ...Hualula” se inscriben en un contexto donde el debate sobre la mexicanidad se encontraba en boga tanto por la institución literaria como por la antropológica. Antropólogo de profesión, Rojas González aparece como una figura que a través de una de sus narraciones problematizará la disciplina a la que pertenece. La postura del autor sobre el conocimiento del indígena será un antecedente para la literatura indigenista mexicana posterior y para el pensamiento latinoamericano que pondrá en duda la superioridad del conocimiento de occidente.
The aim of the current study was to determine the quality of chicks from different hatcher temperatures for the prediction of broiler growth performance. The hatcher temperatures were applied as ...follows: control (36.8–37.0°C), acute high hatcher temperature (38.8–39.0°C for 3 hours daily, 36.8–37.0°C in remaining time) and chronic high hatcher temperature (38.8–39.0°C). The chick quality was measured with Tona score, Pasgar score, chick-hatching weight, yolk-free chick weight and chick length. Whereas the chicks of control group were the highest quality with Tona and Pasgar methods, the chicks of the control and acute high temperature groups were better than the chronic high temperature group according to chick weight and yolk-free chick weight as chick quality indicators. Between days1 and 7, the relative growth was the highest in control group with a value of 373.0%. The correlations between chick weight on day 1 and Tona score, Pasgar score, chick weight, yolk-free chick weight and chick length were significant. The correlation between chick quality scoring methods and relative growth between days 1 and 7 was varied among the treatment groups. In conclusion, short- or long-term high hatcher temperatures affected one-day-old chick quality and first-week broiler growth performance.
We report here the development of a probe-based ultraweak chemiluminescence (uwCL) method capable of detecting a panel of four oxygen-derived free radicals (ODFRs) including superoxide anion (O2-), ...hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (OH), and peroxyl radical (ROO) using different probes specific for these radicals performed by the same uwCL analyzer. The selected radical-generating systems and their corresponding uwCL-probing emitters were validated. These ODFR-detecting systems were subsequently utilized by us to assess the radical-scavenging ability (RSA) of a variety of extracts and purified constituents derived from foods and herbal preparations. Our approach for assessing RSA for these constituents is based on the suppression of uwCL generated by each ODFR, and the degrees of inhibition have been shown to be dose-dependent. For this reason, the estimation of IC50 for each testing compound can be obtained from the curve constructed based on the percent of inhibitions of uwCL versus the concentrations of the compound tested. To illustrate the practical applications of our devised methodology, data for comparative studies of RSA activities of fermented extracts of Cordeceps sinensis, purified methylgallate isolated from Toona sinesis, resveratrol purified from grape seeds, plus epimedin C from the aerial part of the Epimedium plant (yinyanghuo) are to be presented.