Under pressure to fight corruption, hold public officials accountable, and build trust with citizens, many governments pursue the quest for greater transparency. They publish data about their ...internal operations, externalize decision-making processes, establish digital inquiry lines to public officials, and employ other forms of transparency using digital means. Despite the presence of many transparency-enhancing digital tools, putting such tools together to achieve the desired level of digital transparency, to design entire government systems for digital transparency, remains challenging. Design principles and other design guides are lacking in this area. This article aims to fill this gap. We identify a set of barriers to digital transparency in government, define 16 design principles to overcome such barriers, and evaluate these principles using three case studies from different countries. Some principles apply to projects, others to systems, yet others to entire organizations. To achieve digital transparency, before building and deploying digital solutions, government organizations should build technological and institutional foundations and use such foundations to organize themselves for transparency. The proposed design principles can help develop and apply such foundations.
•Many barriers hinder digital transparency in government organizations.•Design principles for digital transparency in government are presented.•The ease of implementation and organizational impact differ among principles.•Proper internal organization is mandatory for digital transparency.•Design principles for digital transparency are context-dependent.
In Transparency and Authoritarian Rule in Southeast Asia , Rodan rejects the notion that the 1997-98 Asian economic crisis was further evidence that ultimately capitalism can only develop within ...liberal social and political institutions, and that new technology necessarily undermines authoritarian control. Instead, Rodan argues that in Singapore and Malaysia external pressures for transparency reform were, and are, in many respects, being met without serious compromise to authoritarian rule or the sanctioning of media freedom.
1. Information Control and Authoritarian Rule in East and Southeast Asia: Under Challenge? 2. Bedding Down Media and Information Control in Singapore and Malaysia 3. Bureaucratic Authoritarianism and Transparency Reform in Singapore 4. Keeping Civil Society at Bay: Media in Singapore After the Crisis 5. Crony Capitalism and Transparency Reform in Malaysia 6. Challenges to Media Control in Malaysia Conclusion: Advanced Market Systems, Information Flows and Political Regimes
Garry Rodan is Director of the Asia Research Centre, Murdoch University, Australia.
'Readers committed to press freedom, justice and democracy will find Rodan's analysis compelling.'
Mustafa K. Anuar, Aliran Monthly , Vol. 24 (6).
'Rodan has written an enlightening, challenging and provocative book in which he questions the assertion that greater financial and economic transparency leads to a more open society.' - Far Eastern Economic Review
We have numerically studied a tunable dual‐spectral plasmon‐induced transparency metamaterial structure based on Dirac semimetal films in the terahertz region. The structure was composed of three ...length‐variant parallel coplanar strips. The dual‐spectral plasmon‐induced transparency is mainly induced by the bright‐bright modes coupling between neighboring Dirac semimetal strips. By adjusting the Fermi energies of Dirac semimetal strips, the individual and synchronous modulation of the dual‐transparency window in resonance frequency, bandwidth and strength can be obtained, respectively. Simultaneous change of the Fermi energies of all the strips can achieve an overall frequency shift of the dual‐transparency window, with the frequency modulation depth of 21.7% and 20.0%, respectively. The maximum group delays of 5.26 and 3.57 ps for each window were calculated in our proposed structure. The simulation results demonstrated the potential of the proposed structure to expand the applications for slow‐light systems, filters, and switchers in the terahertz region.
Over ihe last decade, research transparency has been one of the most discussed elements of the scientific process, motivated by the belief that science should be more open than it has been (Davenport ...et al. 2020; Monroe 2018; N AS 2018; Nosek et al. 2015; Swanson et al. 2020). Given its prominence in scientific discourse, it is important to discuss, and update, our journal's position on it. In our experience, many researchers have strong views on this topic. Accordingly, we note a few issues at the outset.
Actualmente, en el Perú se están aplicando mecanismos anticorrupción poco eficaces y se ha demostrado durante todo este tiempo que a pesar que se han implementado ciertos candados de seguridad tanto ...en los procesos y las leyes, castigos y muerte civil, las personas encargadas de tomar decisiones en las licitaciones y compras no tienen escrúpulos, siguen adoptando un comportamiento desleal frente al estado y a todos los sistemas que tenemos; ante ello, se propone que debe cambiarse el sistema a un modelo diferente, aplicando nuevos mecanismos. En esto se sustenta la esencia del trabajo.
Police body-worn cameras (BWCs) have emerged in response to calls for greater police transparency and accountability. Leveraged as techno-regulatory tools with the potential to influence officer ...behavior, BWCs may also afford officers opportunities to review video footage prior to writing incident reports, which has implications for how police-public interactions are documented in official records. In this study of BWC adoption by a police agency in the United States, we examine how officers’ ideological perspectives on BWCs, technological limitations, and policy-related concerns influenced their decisions about whether and how to review video as part of their report writing practice. In conclusion, we argue that police practitioners and policy-makers should provide clearer policy guidance to officers about how BWC footage should be used in the report writing process and that police administrators, policy-makers, and researchers should directly consider the role that technology might play in regulating officer behavior, even in unintended ways.
In keeping with the growing movement in scientific publishing toward transparency in data and methods, we propose changes to journal authorship policies and procedures to provide insight into which ...author is responsible for which contributions, better assurance that the list is complete, and clearly articulated standards to justify earning authorship credit. To accomplish these goals, we recommend that journals adopt common and transparent standards for authorship, outline responsibilities for corresponding authors, adopt the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) (docs.casrai.org/CRediT) methodology for attributing contributions, include this information in article metadata, and require authors to use the ORCID persistent digital identifier (https://orcid.org). Additionally, we recommend that universities and research institutions articulate expectations about author roles and responsibilities to provide a point of common understanding for discussion of authorship across research teams. Furthermore, we propose that funding agencies adopt the ORCID identifier and accept the CRediT taxonomy. We encourage scientific societies to further authorship transparency by signing on to these recommendations and promoting them through their meetings and publications programs.
Fiscal transparency is fundamentally important but difficult to achieve. The conceptualization of transparency has to be more sophisticated than current rhetoric implies. Analytical tools relating to ...the generic concept of transparency can be applied to public expenditure. Achieving transparency about public expenditure presents challenges that require explicit strategies in the context of what can be very different sets of local conditions. This article identifies the specific meaning of transparency about public expenditure, defined in terms of the four directions of transparency: inwards, outwards, upwards and downwards. It identifies barriers to the effective transparency of public expenditure, characterizing these as intrinsic or constructed. Tackling these barriers, especially those constructed by policy actors, constitutes a route towards more effective transparency, not only about public expenditure itself but about surrogates for it. It is not just quantity that matters: different varieties of transparency will have differential effects on the achievement of public policy objectives. How transparency mechanisms are structured will therefore shape their impact on public policy – on efficiency, on equity and on democratic accountability.
Points for practitioners
Public expenditure transparency is fundamentally important, but elusive. The difficulty stems from technical complexities and from the political process. Governments that genuinely wish to improve public expenditure transparency must address intrinsic barriers (such as low public understanding of budgeting numbers and their relationship to national accounts) and desist from building constructed barriers (such as misleading spinned numbers and substituting surrogates for direct public expenditure). It is not just the quantity of transparency that matters: different varieties of transparency will have differential effects on the achievement of public policy objectives. How transparency mechanisms are structured will shape their impact on public policy – on efficiency, on equity and on democratic accountability.
The aim of this article is to propose a theoretical framework for studying digital resignation, the condition produced when people desire to control the information digital entities have about them ...but feel unable to do so. We build on the growing body of research that identifies feelings of futility regarding companies’ respect for consumer privacy by suggesting a link between these feelings and the activities of the companies they benefit. We conceptualize digital resignation as a rational response to consumer surveillance. We further argue that routine corporate practices encourage this sense of helplessness. Illuminating the dynamics of this sociopolitical phenomenon creates a template for addressing important questions about the forces that shape uneven power relationships between companies and publics in the digital age.
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