We review glucosinolate (GSL) diversity and analyze phylogeny in the crucifer tribe Cardamineae as well as selected species from Brassicaceae (tribe Brassiceae) and Resedaceae. Some GSLs occur ...widely, while there is a scattered distribution of many less common GSLs, tentatively sorted into three classes: ancient, intermediate and more recently evolved. The number of conclusively identified GSLs in the tribe (53 GSLs) constitute 60% of all GSLs known with certainty from any plant (89 GSLs) and apparently unique GSLs in the tribe constitute 10 of those GSLs conclusively identified (19%). Intraspecific, qualitative GSL polymorphism is known from at least four species in the tribe. The most ancient GSL biosynthesis in Brassicales probably involved biosynthesis from Phe, Val, Leu, Ile and possibly Trp, and hydroxylation at the β-position. From a broad comparison of families in Brassicales and tribes in Brassicaceae, we estimate that a common ancestor of the tribe Cardamineae and the family Brassicaceae exhibited GSL biosynthesis from Phe, Val, Ile, Leu, possibly Tyr, Trp and homoPhe (ancient GSLs), as well as homologs of Met and possibly homoIle (intermediate age GSLs). From the comparison of phylogeny and GSL diversity, we also suggest that hydroxylation and subsequent methylation of indole GSLs and usual modifications of Met-derived GSLs (formation of sulfinyls, sulfonyls and alkenyls) occur due to conserved biochemical mechanisms and was present in a common ancestor of the family.
Apparent loss of homologs of Met as biosynthetic precursors was deduced in the entire genus Barbarea and was frequent in Cardamine (e.g. C. pratensis, C. diphylla, C. concatenata, possibly C. amara). The loss was often associated with appearance of significant levels of unique or rare GSLs as well as recapitulation of ancient types of GSLs. Biosynthetic traits interpreted as de novo evolution included hydroxylation at rare positions, acylation at the thioglucose and use of dihomoIle and possibly homoIle as biosynthetic precursors. Biochemical aspects of the deduced evolution are discussed and testable hypotheses proposed. Biosyntheses from Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Trp, homoPhe and homologs of Met are increasingly well understood, while GSL biosynthesis from mono- and dihomoIle is poorly understood. Overall, interpretation of known diversity suggests that evolution of GSL biosynthesis often seems to recapitulate ancient biosynthesis. In contrast, unprecedented GSL biosynthetic innovation seems to be rare.
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•Glucosinolate diversity of species in the tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae).•Attention to analytical quality, conservative catalogue of reliably identified diversity.•Glucosinolate diversity in a phylogenetic perspective including tribe, family and order.•Classification of glucosinolates into ancient, intermediate age and recently evolved.•Review of glucosinolate biosynthesis with focus on structural variation and evolution.
The Hadhramis of Yemen have migrated for centuries in large numbers, establishing a diaspora that extends around the Indian Ocean, Saudi Arabia and the other Gulf States. This migration has deeply ...affected the host countries as well as Hadhramaut itself. Yet the region has not been able to use its population size, capabilities or resources to wield significant political influence in successive Yemeni regimes. This book examines the people of the Hadhrami diaspora, who travelled as religious scholars, traders, labourers and soldiers, to understand their enduring influence and identity. In doing so, the book explores key aspects of their history, including the impact of Yemeni nationalist movements, the significance of land reforms, the importance of social and tribal origins and how the Hadhrami resisted European domination as a Muslim community. Although a distinctive part of geographical Yemen, Hadhramaut was not regarded as a Yemeni political entity until the twentieth century. This research asks if the recent turmoil in Yemen following the Arab Spring, the growth of Al-Qa’ida and ISIS, and war involving a coalition led by Saudi Arabia, will produce even greater instability in the region or perhaps lead to a united Yemen, a restored South Yemen or even to Hadhramaut as an independent state.
Rosalyn R. LaPier demonstrates that Blackfeet history is incomplete without an understanding of the Blackfeet people's relationship and mode of interaction with the "invisible reality" of the ...supernatural world. Religious beliefs provided the Blackfeet with continuity through privations and changing times. The stories they passed to new generations and outsiders reveal the fundamental philosophy of Blackfeet existence namely, the belief that they could alter, change, or control nature to suit their needs and that they were able to do so with the assistance of supernatural allies. The Blackfeet did not believe they had to adapt to nature. They made nature adapt. Their relationship with the supernatural provided the Blackfeet with stability and made predictable the seeming unpredictability of the natural world in which they lived.InInvisible RealityRosalyn LaPier presents an unconventional, creative, and innovative history that blends extensive archival research, vignettes of family stories, and traditional knowledge learned from elders along with personal reflections on her own journey learning Blackfeet stories. The result is a nuanced look at the history of the Blackfeet and their relationship with the natural world.
We Come for Good Backhouse, Paul N; Weisman, Brent R; Rosebrough, Mary B
03/2017
eBook
“Offers a unique perspective on tribal approaches to managing historic preservation and addresses the multiplicity of issues common to all tribal historic preservation groups."—Joe Watkins, director, ...Tribal Relations and American Cultures Program, National Park Service “A concise, detailed account regarding the enormity of the task THPOs face in successfully navigating the two worlds of federal historic preservation laws and statutes and tribal cultural beliefs, knowledge, and traditions."—James Quinn, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut “An important book that highlights the complicated, confusing, and often contradictory world navigated by the intrepid personnel of the Seminole Tribe of Florida’s Tribal Historic Preservation Office."—Ryan Wheeler, director, Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology As indigenous populations are invited to participate in cultural heritage identification, research, interpretation, management, and preservation, they are faced with a variety of challenges, questions that are difficult to answer, and demands that must be carefully navigated. We Come for Good describes the development and operations of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) of the Seminole Tribe of Florida as an example of how tribes can successfully manage and retain authority over the heritage of their respective cultures. With Native voices front and center, this book demonstrates ways THPOs can work within federal and tribal governments to build capacity and uphold tribal values—core principles of a strong tribal historic preservation program. The authors also offer readers one of the first attempts to document Native perspectives on the archaeology of native populations.“Offers a unique perspective on tribal approaches to managing historic preservation and addresses the multiplicity of issues common to all tribal historic preservation groups."—Joe Watkins, director, Tribal Relations and American Cultures Program, National Park Service “A concise, detailed account regarding the enormity of the task THPOs face in successfully navigating the two worlds of federal historic preservation laws and statutes and tribal cultural beliefs, knowledge, and traditions."—James Quinn, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer, Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut “An important book that highlights the complicated, confusing, and often contradictory world navigated by the intrepid personnel of the Seminole Tribe of Florida’s Tribal Historic Preservation Office."—Ryan Wheeler, director, Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology As indigenous populations are invited to participate in cultural heritage identification, research, interpretation, management, and preservation, they are faced with a variety of challenges, questions that are difficult to answer, and demands that must be carefully navigated. We Come for Good describes the development and operations of the Tribal Historic Preservation Office (THPO) of the Seminole Tribe of Florida as an example of how tribes can successfully manage and retain authority over the heritage of their respective cultures. With Native voices front and center, this book demonstrates ways THPOs can work within federal and tribal governments to build capacity and uphold tribal values—core principles of a strong tribal historic preservation program. The authors also offer readers one of the first attempts to document Native perspectives on the archaeology of native populations.
Recent historiography has produced a number of notable works on the Venetian-Ottoman relations at the border of Trogir in the 16th century and the role of the newly settled Ottoman Morlachs therein. ...This paper is a contribution to the understanding of these relations, its research sensors focusing primarily on the previously unpublished archival data about the presence of the Morlach tribes (Katuns) in individual villages of the Trogir district in the period from 1530 to 1600. It has been noted that the majority of the newly arrived Morlachs belonged to the tribal groups of Vratković, Popović, and Vasarović. The Vratković tribe, which came from Herzegovina, was the most numerous. They inhabited six villages – Ljubitovica, Bristivica, Prapatnica, Dašini Doci, Vraca, and Blizna. The village of their elder (Katunar) was in Ljubitovica. The Popović tribe is mentioned in 1530 in Zbičje (the north-eastern part of present-day Prgomet) and later recorded in Suhi Dol and Kosmači (present-day Primorski Dolac). The Vasarović tribe was located in Trolokve and most probably owes its tribal name to Vasav, the father of Jacob, who in 1550 was the village’s elder. Thus, the three Morlach communities demographically covered two-thirds of the settlements in the hinterland of Trogir, the area “behind the hills,” and the Trogir district. Perhaps future research will identify them also in the remaining third, for instance in Labin, Opor, Prgomet, and Radošić.
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate nearly every aspect of mRNA processing and are important regulators of gene expression in cells. However, current methods for transcriptome-wide identification of ...RBP targets are limited, since they examine only a single RBP at a time and do not provide information on the individual RNA molecules that are bound by a given RBP. Here, we overcome these limitations by developing TRIBE-STAMP, an approach for single-molecule detection of the target RNAs of two RNA binding proteins simultaneously in cells. We applied TRIBE-STAMP to the cytoplasmic m
A reader proteins YTHDF1, YTHDF2, and YTHDF3 and discovered that individual mRNA molecules can be bound by more than one YTHDF protein throughout their lifetime, providing new insights into the function of YTHDF proteins in cells. TRIBE-STAMP is a highly versatile approach that enables single-molecule analysis of the targets of RBP pairs simultaneously in the same cells.
Since time immemorial, forests and tribes have shown a close symbiotic relationship. Tribal communities have designed their livelihood strategies in accordance with the quantity and quality of forest ...ecosystem services. The indigenous human communities settled in the tropical dry deciduous forest of Jhargram District of West Bengal also exhibit similar multidimensional interactions with the forest ecology. But with the introduction of the market economy since the Colonial time has resulted in deforestation, de-speciation, and degradation. This put forth a question of sustenance and conventional living styles of these groups of people. This is further expected to be altered under the present combination of forest species. The present endeavor strives to assess the patterns of coexistence and interdependency between the forest and the tribes in the tropical dry deciduous forest tract of Jhargram District, with the help of SWOT–AHP analysis. The internal Strength (S) and Weaknesses (W) as well as the external Threats (T) and Opportunities (O) of the prevailing interaction framework have been identified through in-depth field visits and direct discussion with the stakeholders. Further, an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been employed to ascertain the strategies for improvement of the subtle linkages between forests and tribes. The forces effective upon forest-tribe coexistence and traditional ecological knowledge of the indigenous forest people have been proved to be beneficial for livelihood strategies in the selected area, while selective restrictions need to arrest the major weaknesses and threats for the sustainability of forest-people coexistence.
This article introduces the special section, “Tribal Marketing After Covid: Consuming Together in an Age of Social Distance.” The authors trace the history of tribal marketing theory up until the ...present, ‘post-Covid' era, outlining each wave and some trajectories for future research.
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