This book provides state-of-the-art coverage for making measurements on RF and Microwave Components, both active and passive. A perfect reference for R&D and Test Engineers, with topics ranging from ...the best practices for basic measurements, to an in-depth analysis of errors, correction methods, and uncertainty analysis, this book provides everything you need to understand microwave measurements. With primary focus on active and passive measurements using a Vector Network Analyzer, these techniques and analysis are equally applicable to measurements made with Spectrum Analyzers or Noise Figure Analyzers. The early chapters provide a theoretical basis for measurements complete with extensive definitions and descriptions of component characteristics and measurement parameters. The latter chapters give detailed examples for cases of cable, connector and filter measurements; low noise, high-gain and high power amplifier measurements, a wide range of mixer and frequency converter measurements, and a full examination of fixturing, de-embedding, balanced measurements and calibration techniques. The chapter on time-domain theory and measurements is the most complete treatment on the subject yet presented, with details of the underlying mathematics and new material on time domain gating. As the inventor of many of the methods presented, and with 30 years as a development engineer on the most modern measurement platforms, the author presents unique insights into the understanding of modern measurement theory. Key Features: Explains the interactions between the device-under-test (DUT) and the measuring equipment by demonstrating the best practices for ascertaining the true nature of the DUT, and optimizing the time to set up and measure Offers a detailed explanation of algorithms and mathematics behind measurements and error correction Provides numerous
illustrations (e.g. block-diagrams for circuit connections and measurement setups) and practical examples on real-world devices, which can provide immediate benefit to the reader Written by the principle developer and designer of many of the measurement methods described This book will be an invaluable guide for RF and microwave R&D and test engineers, satellite test engineers, radar engineers, power amplifier designers, LNA designers, and mixer designers. University researchers and graduate students in microwave design and test will also find this book of interest.
Nyamuk adalah vektor penyakit yang menularkan patogen melalui gigitannya pada manusia dan binatang. Beberapa jenis penyakit tular vektor di Indonesia yang disebabkan karena gigitan nyamuk seperti ...Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD), Malaria, Filariasis dan Chikungunya. Nyamuk vektor penyakit didominasi dari genus Anopheles, Aedes, Armigeres, Culex dan Mansonia. Peran nyamuk Aedes salah satunya yaitu sebagai vektor penyakit DBD, nyamuk Anopheles merupakan vektor penyakit malaria dan filariasis dan genus lainnya yakni Armigeres dan Culex dapat menularkan patogen filariasis dan Japanese encephalitis. Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin termasuk dalam kategori endemik rendah malaria, selain itu daerah ini juga merupakan daerah endemik Demam Berdarah Dengue. Keberadaan keragaman nyamuk dapat berpotensi penularan penyakit lainnya di kabupaten ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik keragamanan nyamuk yang berpotensi menjadi vektor penyakit di Dusun Sukoharjo, Desa Bayung Lencir, Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional yakni survei lapangan. Nyamuk di Dusun Sukoharjo ditangkap pada bulan Agustus 2021 dan di identifikasi pada Laboratorium Entomologi Balai Litbangkes Baturaja. Setiap nyamuk akan diklasifikasikan ke genus dan spesiesnya berdasarkan karakteristik morfologi pada kunci bergambar. Ditemukan empat genus nyamuk yaitu Aedes, Armigeres, Culex, dan Anopheles dengan proporsi berturut-turut 2,6%, 5,1%, 88,5%, dan 3,8%. Sebelas spesies nyamuk ditemukan terdiri dari Aedes lineatopenne, Aedes aegypti ,Armigeres subalbatus, Armigeres kesselli, Culex gelidus, Culex nigropunctatus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui, Anopheles kochi, dan Anopheles vagus. Proporsi nyamuk paling banyak ditemukan yakni nyamuk Culex quinquefasciatus. Perlu menjadi kewaspadaan karena nyamuk Culex merupakan potensial vektor untuk penyakit filariasis dan Japanese Enchepalitis.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar dan self-efficacy antara mahasiswa yang belajar materi Vektor dengan menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dengan mahasiswa yang belajar ...tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian quasi-eksperimen dengan pretest–posttest non-equivalent group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa program studi Teknik Sipil Universitas Katolik Parahyangan (UNPAR) yang mengambil mata kuliah Matematika 4 pada Tahun Akademik 2022/2023. Sampel penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa di Kelas A dan Kelas C yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling, di mana kelas A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas C sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa tes hasil belajar dan angket self-efficacy. Data dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t-test (α = 5%) menggunakan program IBM SPSS V.25. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa pada data posttest hasil belajar diperoleh sig(2-tailed) = 0,021 dan pada data angket self-efficacy diperoleh sig(2-tailed) = 0,018. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan mahasiswa yang belajar tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra; dan (2) terdapat perbedaan self-efficacy antara mahasiswa yang belajar menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra dan mahasiswa yang belajar tanpa menggunakan aplikasi GeoGebra.
Plasmid DNA molecules with unique loop structures have widespread bioapplications, in many cases relying heavily on delivery vehicles to introduce them into cells and achieve their functions. Herein, ...we demonstrate that control over delicate nanotopography of silica nanoparticles as plasmid DNA vectors has significant impact on the transfection efficacy. For silica nanoparticles with rambutan-, raspberry-, and flower-like morphologies composed of spike-, hemisphere-, and bowl-type subunit nanotopographies, respectively, the rambutan-like nanoparticles with spiky surfaces demonstrate the highest plasmid DNA binding capability and transfection efficacy of 88%, higher than those reported for silica-based nanovectors. Moreover, it is shown that the surface spikes of rambutan nanoparticles provide a continuous open space to bind DNA chains via multivalent interactions and protect the gene molecules sheltered in the spiky layer against nuclease degradation, exhibiting no significant transfection decay. This unique protection feature is in great contrast to a commercial transfection agent with similar transfection performance but poor protection capability against enzymatic cleavage. Our study provides new understandings in the rational design of nonviral vectors for efficient gene delivery.
ABSTRACT
First Transmission Assessment Survey (TAS-1) has been carried out successfully in Donggala District. The success was supported by epidemiological aspects, including data on the presence of ...vectors and the environment that is potential as a breeding places for mosquitoes. In order for Donggala District to achieve filariasis elimination formally, it is important to determine the existence of vectors and itspotential environment so as to continuously control them instead of other epidemiological interventions.
A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the presence of post-TAS-1 vector in Donggala District Activities include mosquito surveys and environmental surveys in two selected locations, namely Kelurahan Kabonga Kecil, Kecamatan Banawa and Sabang Village, Kecamatan Dampelas Donggala District.
The results showed that 2,978 mosquitoes were caught from the genera Mansonia, Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Uranotaenia, Coquilettidia and Aedomvia, the results of PCR examination showed mosquitoes were negative Brugia malayi. The mosquitoes” habitats were tree holes, ponds, rice fields, used goods, post -mining excavations, rivers, waterways, puddles, swamps, ponds, dug holes, springs, boats, water reservoirs, used tires, wells, coconut shells, and used cans.
Monitoring and evaluation of program implementation by the local government, including routine vectors and environmental monitoring, must be continued as to maintain the elimination status of filariasis in Donggala District.
ABSTRAK
Transmission Assessment Survey pertama (TAS-1) telah dilakukan di Kabupaten Donggala dan dinyatakan lulus. Keberhasilan didukung oleh aspek epidemiologi di antaranya adalah data keberadaan vektor dan lingkungan yang potensial sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk. Agar Kabupaten Donggala mencapai eliminasi filariasis maka keberadaan vektor dan lingkungan yang potensial dapat dikendalian disamping intervensi terhadap aspek epidemiologi lainnya.
Studi potong-lintang dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan vektor paska TAS-1 di Kabupaten Donggala. Kegiatan meliputi survei nyamuk dan survei lingkungan di dua lokasi terpilih yaitu Kelurahan kabonga Kecil, Kec. Banawa dan Desa Sabang, Kec. Dampelas Kabupaten Donggala.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk tertangkap sebanyak 2.978 ekor dari genus Mansonia, Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Uranotaenia, Coquilettidia dan Aedomvia, hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan nyamuk negatif Brugia malayi. Lingkungan habitat nyamuk yaitu: lubang pohon, kolam, sawah, barang bekas, bekas galian tambang, sungai, saluran air, genangan air, rawa, tambak, lubang galian, mata air, perahu, penampungan air, ban bekas, sumur, batok kelapa, dan kaleng bekas.
Monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan program oleh pemerintah daerah termasuk pemantauan vektor dan lingkungan secara rutin harus terus digalakkan agar status eliminasi filariasis di Kabupaten Donggala dapat dipertahankan.
This study aimed to apply classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch analysis of item response theory (IRT) to investigate Thai participants' understanding of vectors and the characteristics of the test ...of understanding of vectors (TUV). A Thai version of the 20-items TUV was administered to 1,021 first-year science and engineering students at Prince of Songkla University, before and after common instructions. Although the engineering students (pre-score = 62%) had a significantly higher background of vectors than the science students (pre-score = 24%), proved by the effect size of Cohen's d, both groups have improved their learning into a medium level of the normalized gain (0.3 < < 0.7) after the instructions. Both groups improved the most with a vector representation concept. The participants were found to have the most difficulties with the unit vector and the cross product. However, the TUV is fairly easy for the assessed Thai first-year students. Overall, the item difficulty index derived from CTT was in moderate range (0.33-0.69). The difficulty index of the Thai-TUV obtained from CTT and Rasch analysis has a strong correlation indicating a reliable assessment tool.
This study aims to develop, determine the response and effectiveness of problem-based mathematical modules on vector material. This type of research is research and development or better known as ...Research and Development (R&D). The approach model used in this study is ADDIE. Data analysis techniques in this study were used to calculate the validity of the validators, the response of educators and students, and the effectiveness of mathematics teaching materials. The results of the validation test conducted by the validator are 3.24 the criteria are quite valid. The results of educator responses 3.21 with interesting criteria, response to small-scale trials of 3.4 with very interesting responses and field trials of 3.8 with very interesting responses. The results of the effectiveness test conducted during the field test got a percentage of 61% with effective criteria. From these data it shows that instructional materials are feasible to use based on the educator's response and effectiveness carried out by students, so the development of mathematical modules is appropriate for use in schools.
A unified approach to uncertain optimization Klamroth, Kathrin; Köbis, Elisabeth; Schöbel, Anita ...
European journal of operational research,
07/2017, Letnik:
260, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•Unifying framework for dealing with different models in uncertain optimization•Characterization based on set optimization, vector optimization, and scalarization•Robust optimization with infinite ...uncertainty sets•New modeling approaches for uncertainties in optimization problems
In this paper we consider uncertain scalar optimization problems with infinite scenario sets. We apply methods from vector optimization in general spaces, set-valued optimization and scalarization techniques to develop a unified characterization of different concepts of robust optimization and stochastic programming. These methods provide new insights on the interrelation between different concepts for handling uncertainties and naturally lead to new concepts of robustness.
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas Active Front End Converter (AFE) tiga-fasa tiga-kaki menggunakan kendali Model Predictive Control (MPC) pada pensakelaran converter yang dapat mengurangi nilai ...harmonisa dan memperbaiki faktor daya pada jaringan. Kendali MPC digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi tegangan dan arus AFE dengan cara memasukkan vektor tegangan yang dihasilkan oleh sakelar konverter ke dalam model state-space diskrit dan dievaluasi menggunakan cost function. Simulasi model dilakukan pada beberapa kondisi, yaitu simulasi beban resistif, beban induktif, beban kapasitif, beban nonlinear, dan variable frequency drive (VFD) dengan motor induksi. Simulasi beban resistif, THDv dan THDi secara berurutan nilai rata-ratanya sebesar 0.02% dan 0.45%, beban induktif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban kapasitif, 0.01% dan 1.92%, beban nonlinear, 0.03% dan 1.23%, dan beban VFD dengan motor induksi sebesar 0.04% dan 1.18%. Faktor daya pada simulasi beban bervariasi menghasilkan unity. Dari hasil simulasi didapatkan kesimpulan kendali MPC pada AFE mampu meningkatkan kualitas daya listrik.Kata kunci: Harmonisa, Faktor Daya, AFE, MPC, Model Vektor Ruang ABSTRACTThis study discusses a three-phase three-leg Active Front End Converter (AFE) using Model Predictive Control (MPC) which controls converter switching to reduce harmonic values and improve the power factor on the network. MPC is used to predict the AFE voltage and current by entering the voltage vector generated by the converter switch into a discrete state-space model and evaluated using a cost function. The simulations of the model have been done under several conditions, resistive loads, inductive loads, capacitive loads, nonlinear loads, and variable frequency drive (VFD) with an induction motor. Resistive load simulations, THDv and THDi respectively, the average values are 0.02% and 0.45%, inductive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, capacitive load, 0.01% and 1.92%, nonlinear load, 0.03% and 1.23%, and load VFD with induction motor is 0.04% and 1.18%. The power factor in the varying load simulation results is unity. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that MPC control on AFE can improve electrical power quality. Keywords: Harmonics, Power Factor, AFE, MPC, Space Vector Model
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