As part of our OPENTOX project, we evaluated the incidence and mass concentrations of multiclass pesticide residues in 23 river/stream water samples collected in urban and agricultural areas of ...northwest Croatia at various points of the pesticide application season in 2015. The study included 16 compounds of five herbicide classes and seven compounds of three insecticide classes. Pesticide residues were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with UV-diode array detection and/or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Herbicide residues were more common than the insecticide ones, and, as expected, they peaked in the middle of the application season. Metolachlor showed the highest concentrations and was found in 91 % of all samples, followed by terbuthylazine, found in 70 % of the samples. The highest total mass concentration of detected pesticides was measured in the water samples of the Krapina (3992 ng/L) and Sutla (3455 ng/L) collected in rural areas with intensive agriculture. Our findings strongly speak in favour of continued monitoring of surface waters and possibly extending the list of priority water pollutants.
We have analyzed 44 micro-earthquakes with magnitudes between 1.2 and 3.4, which occurred in the Dobrá Voda area, Slovakia, in the period 2001–2009. The epicentres of the micro-earthquakes form a ...cluster elongated in the ENE–WSW direction. This direction coincides with the orientation of the main fault systems in the area: Dobrá Voda and Brezová faults. The depths of the hypocentres vary from 1
km to 14
km. Three different methods were used to calculate the focal mechanisms: (a) a method using the polarities of Pg and Pn waves, (b) the P-wave amplitude inversion of moment tensors, and (c) the waveform inversion of moment tensors. The majority of the analyzed micro-earthquakes have a left-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism with weak normal or reverse components. The full moment tensors comprise significant non-double-couple (non-DC) components. The non-DC components are partly numerical errors of the inversion but might be also of a physical origin. The most accurate values of the non-DC components are obtained from the P-wave amplitude inversion. For this inversion, the isotropic component (ISO) and the compensated linear vector dipole component (CLVD) are mostly positive and well correlated. This might indicate tensile faulting. Adopting the model of tensile faulting, we estimated the mean ratio of P to S wave velocities in the focal area from the values of ISO and CLVD,
v
P
/
v
S
=
1.5–1.6. The three different datasets of the focal mechanisms have been inverted for the present-day tectonic stress in the Dobrá Voda area. The slip shear stress component criterion was applied in the stress inversion. The results of the three inversions are well-consistent and point to a high reliability and good accuracy of the inverted stress. The orientations of the principal stresses are (azimuth/plunge):
σ
1
=
210–220°/5–25°,
σ
2
=
70–105°/55–75°, and
σ
3
=
305–315°/15–25°, and the shape ratio is
R
=
0.45–0.60. The azimuth is measured clockwise from the north and the plunge downwards from the horizontal plane. The retrieved maximum compression lies along the belt of the Malé Karpaty Mts. The local tectonic stress reflects complex tectonic conditions in the area. The presence of tensile faulting might point to an extensional stress regime in the area.
► 44 micro-earthquakes which occurred in the Malé Karpaty Mts. (Little Carpathians), Slovakia, in the period 2001–2009 are analyzed. ► The majority of the analyzed micro-earthquakes have a left-lateral strike-slip focal mechanism with weak normal or reverse components. ► The orientations of the principal stresses determined from the focal mechanisms are (azimuth/plunge):
σ
1
=
210–220°/5–25°,
σ
2
=
70–105°/55–75°, and
σ
3
=
305–315°/15–25°. ► The presence of tensile faulting might point to an extensional stress regime in the area.
In order to improve the properties of sintered MgO (80 % precipitation) obtained from seawater, an investigation was carried out with (0, 1, 2) w/% of nano-TiO2 and micro-TiO2 additions during ...sintering at a temperature of 1500 °C (1 h and 2 h). The effects of the TiO2 addition on its microstructural properties, density, porosity and chemical composition after sintering were observed. The SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the formation of a homogeneous microstructure composed mainly of periclase grains and well-distributed secondary phases. CaTiO3 and MgTiO4 are predominantly located at the inter- and intra-periclase grain boundary surfaces during cooling. The microstructure of the MgO samples with the addition of nano-TiO2 become more compact, having a positive impact on the porosity and density of the samples. The addition of 1 w/% of nTiO2 represents the optimal amount for the improvement of the properties of the MgO samples (80 % precipitation) obtained from seawater.
Poljoprivreda kao djelatnost svrstava se prvenstveno u difuzne (raspršene) izvore onečišćenja okoliša. Takvi izvori onečišćenja teže se nadziru u odnosu na točkaste, koji su vezani za ispuštanje ...otpadnih voda iz gradova i stambenih naselja. Međutim, poljoprivreda se može pojaviti istovremeno i kao točkasti (koncentrirani) izvor onečišćenja. Kod pripreme škropiva i kod vanjskog pranja strojeva za zaštitu bilja može doći do onečišćenja okoliša pesticidima. Zato treba pripremu škropiva i vanjsko pranje strojeva nakon aplikacije pesticida izvoditi na betonskoj podlozi, gdje se otpadna voda od pranja i moguća odlijevanja sredstava skuplja i dalje obrađuje jednim od biopurifikacijskih sustava. U Sloveniji su postavljena dva sustava za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda kontaminiranih pesticidima. Jedan radi na principu otparavanja vode, a drugi na način razgradnje pesticida pomoću mikroorganizama u supstratu.
Introduction/purpose: Sušica source surface water varies in natural organic and inorganic impurities, biological species and micro-organisms. This water is used instead of Vrutci lake water that has ...been stronglly affected by eutrophication. These waters need removal of pollutants with coagulants and polyelectrolyte. The aim of research was to improve the surface water treatment (coagulation and flocculation), to reduce sludge amount and to evaluate its quality, treatment and application. Methods: The physical-chemical methods are developed for determining the quality parameters of water, sludge and compost. These parameters are: turbidity, KMnO4 consumption, metals, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll. Results: Surface water quality has a strong impact on sludge. The concentrations of metals in the sludge were: 72200 mgkg-1 Al, 8550 mgkg-1 Fe, and 106 mgkg-1 Zn. The metals over the maximum limit were: Ni 169 mgkg-1, Cr 69.5 mgkg-1, Pb 5.7 mgkg-1, and they have to be reduced by zeolite. The „nutrients” concentrations were: 697 mgkg-1 P, 297 mgkg-1 K, 9.6 mgkg-1 total N, and 274 mgkg-1 of dissolved organic carbon. Escherichia coli and Salamonella are important for converting sludge to compost. Conclusions: After maturation, compost can be used for Coriandrum sativum cultivation. In further work, this strategy should be applied to the water and sludge from Vrutci lake. / Введение/цель: Концентрация природных органических и неорганических примесей, биологических видов и микроорганизмов в поверхностных водах истока реки Сушица изменчива. Эта вода заменила воду из озера Врутци, на которую сильно повлияла эвтрофикация. Данные воды нуждаются в очистке от загрязнения с помощью коагулянтов и полиэлектролитов. Целью исследования являлись: улучшение очистки поверхностных вод (коагуляция и флокуляция), уменьшение количества ила, оценка его качества, обработка и применение. Методы: Разработаны физико-химические методы определения параметров качества воды, ила и компоста. Исследуемые параметры: мутность, расход KMnO4, металлы, общий органический углерод, общий азот и хлорофилл. Результаты: Качество поверхностных вод сильно влияет на содержание осадка. Концентрация металлов в иле составляет: 72200 мгкг-1 Al, 8550 мгкг-1 Fe, 106 мгкг-1 Zn. Параметры металлов, превышающие предельно-допустимую концентрацию в воде: Ni 169 мгкг-1, Cr 69,5 мгкг-1, Pb 5,7 мгкг-1 и должны быть снижены за счет цеолитов. Концентрации «питательных веществ»: 697 мгкг-1 Р, 297 мгкг-1 К, 9,6 мгкг-1 общего азота, 274 мг-кг растворенного органического углерода. Eserihia coli и Salamonella необходимы для преобразования ила в компост. Выводы: После созревания компост можно использовать для выращивания Coriandrum salivum. В следующем исследовании данная стратегия будет применяться по отношению к воде и илу из озера Врутци. / Uvod/cilj: U površinskoj vodi izvorišta reke Sušice varira koncentracija prirodnih organskih i neorganskih nečistoća, bioloških vrsta i mikroorganizama. Ova voda zamenila je vodu iz jezera Vrutci, na koju je snažno uticala eutrofikacija. Tim vodama neophodno je uklanjanje zagađivača koagulantima i polielektrolitom. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se poboljša tretman površinske vode (koagulacija i flokulacija), smanji količina mulja, proceni njegov kvalitet, tretman i primena. Metode: Fizičko-hemijske metode razvijene su za određivanje parametara kvaliteta vode, mulja i komposta. Ti parametri su: zamućenost, potrošnja KMnO4, metali, ukupni organski ugljenik, ukupni azot i hlorofil. Rezultati: Kvalitet površinske vode uveliko utiče na sadržaj mulja. Koncentracije metala u mulju su: 72200 mgkg-1 Al, 8550 mgkg1 Fe, 106 mgkg-1 Zn. Metali preko maksimalne granice su: Ni 169 mgkg-1, Cr 69,5 mgkg-1, Pb 5,7 mgkg-1, i moraju se redukovati zeolitima. Koncentracije "hranjivih sastojaka" su: 697 mgkg-1 P, 297 mgkg-1 K, 9,6 mgkg-1 ukupnog N, 274 mgkg-1 rastvorenog organskog ugljenika. Eserihia coli i Salamonella bitne su za pretvaranje mulja u kompost. Zaključak: Nakon sazrevanja kompost se može koristiti za gajenje Coriandrum salivum. U narednom istraživanju ova strategija će se primeniti na vodu i mulj iz jezera Vrutci.
Otpadni tokovi nastali tijekom proizvodnje maslinova ulja karakterizirani su niskom pH, visokom električnom vodljivošću, tamnom bojom, visokim udjelom fenola, šećera i organskih kiselina. U ovom radu ...prikazani su rezultati uklanjanja onečišćujućih tvari iz otpadne vode procesom adsorpcije i biosorpcije na aktivni ugljik i pelete Aspergillus niger te zbrinjavanje komine maslina procesom kompostiranja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da je aktivni ugljik adsorbirao 35 % organske tvari i 47 % fenola, a peleti 42 % organske tvari, 57 % fenola i 39 % boje. Tijekom procesa kompostiranja komine maslina i duhanskog otpada postignuta je konverzija od 45 %.
Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna .
Assessment of radiation exposure to drinking, surface, and groundwater and of the associated health risks calls for accurate and precise
Ra and
Rn measurements. One method that fits the bill is ...liquid scintillation counting (LSC), which allows measurements in one-phase (homogenous) or two-phase samples. The aim of our study was to compare the measurement efficiency with both variations in Niška Banja spa water, known for its elevated
Rn content to get a better insight into the stability and behaviour of the samples and
Ra interference in samples spiked with
Ra with
Rn measurement.
Ra interference was more evident in homogenous, one-phase and much lower in two-phase samples. However, one-phase samples offer more accurate indirect
Ra measurements. Water-immiscible cocktails (in two-phase samples) have shown a limited capacity for receiving
Rn generated by Ra decay from the aqueous to organic phase when
Rn/
Ra equilibrium is reached. We have also learned that samples with naturally high
Rn content should not be spiked with
Ra activities higher than the ones found in native samples and that calibration of two-phase samples can be rather challenging if measurements span over longer time. Further research would require much lower
Ra activities for spiking to provide more practical answers to questions arising from the demonstrated phenomena.
Jaje u mitovima o stvaranju svijeta Jakovljević, Goran
Radovi Zavoda za znanstvenoistraživački i umjetnički rad u Bjelovaru,
2020, Letnik:
14, Številka:
14
Journal Article, Paper
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The symbolism of the Egg may be followed through cosmogonic myths in many civilisations, which are similar among themselves and show that they share the same roots in certain segments. The roots of ...the Western civilizational circle are to be found in Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Syrian and the Palestinian countries, as well as in the Aegean (Balkan-Anatolian) cultural sphere. As a result of the contact with other civilizational circles, a kind of transfer of these influences on a lot wider geographic areas took place, as well as cyclic synergy came about. By comparing various cosmogonic myths, the conclusion may be drawn that the Egg is the primordial state of Cosmos, with Chaos within, from which the first Germ of Life stems (nature; gods; humans). The meaning of the original symbol of the Egg got lost in the course of time, so that only its importance with respect to the abundance and the cyclic restoration of life in nature, and the afterlife and resurrection in religion remained.
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