Using corpus research methods, this study aims to establish whether there are two-item and, more generally, multi-item distant co-occurrence patterns of connectives in written Japanese, and further, ...to clarify the role these patterns play in discourse. The study is based on a hybrid corpus of written Japanese including Humanities and social science papers, Science and technology papers, and general written language data. The co-occurrence threshold was set at co-occurrence frequency > 10, PMI value > 2, and Dice coefficient > 0.01. The distribution of the observed co-occurring pairs differed according to the genre. Visualization of the connectivity potential of co-occurring pairs as directed graphs showed that these co-occurring pairs constitute longer co-occurrence chains which can be interpreted as ready-made co-occurrence patterns. Two-item and multi-item co-occurrence patterns are considered a type of Bourdieu’s habitus and contribute to both discourse development and discourse prediction.
Prispevek predstavlja prvi korak k dopolnjevanju leksikona Sloleks z oblikoslovnimi vzorci, in sicer na primeru samostalnikov. Vzorci so v prvem koraku strojno pridobljeni iz leksikona samega na ...osnovi izbranih razločevalnih lastnosti (oblikoskladenjskih oznak in spremenljivih delov besednih oblik). Sledi ročno razvrščanje, v katerem (a) ločimo sistemsko in v rabi utemeljene vzorce od primerov, ki se pojavljajo spričo šuma pri strojnem luščenju in nedoslednosti v leksikonu Sloleks; (b) uredimo skupine glede na vsebovanost in sorodnost; (c) poiščemo in natančneje opredelimo variantnost, tako pri standardnih kot nestandardnih oblikah; (d) začrtamo korake za nadaljnji razvoj programa in leksikonske nadgradnje. Rezultat je izhodiščni nabor formaliziranih oblikoslovnih vzorcev za (občno- in lastnoimenske) samostalnike, ki prinaša 10 skupin (64 vzorcev) za moški spol, 9 skupin (29 vzorcev) za ženski spol in 8 skupin (20 vzorcev) za srednji spol. Priprava nabora vzorcev je razkrila številne možnosti za izboljšavo leksikona, strojno namenski pogled na pregibanje pa priložnosti za dopolnitev slovničnega opisa slovenščine. V nadaljevanju dela bodo vzorci pripravljeni tudi za preostale besedne vrste in dopolnjeni s korpusnim gradivom. Končna nomenklatura bo vpisana v bazo leksikona Sloleks, v obliki strojno berljivih vzorcev pa bo objavljena tudi na repozitoriju Clarin.si.
Breast cancer is increasingly diagnosed in the early stages without regional nodal involvement. The aim of the present study was to determine the 5-year overall (OS) and breast cancer specific ...survival (BCSS) for patients with node-negative breast cancer treated at the University Medical Centre Maribor, and compare it with survival at the national level.
Medical records were searched for information on patients with lymph node-negative invasive breast cancer who received primary treatment at the University Medical Centre Maribor in the period 2000-2009. Information on all Slovenian node-negative breast cancer patients diagnosed in the same period was obtained from the Cancer Registry of Republic of Slovenia. Time trends in survival were assessed by comparing the periods 2000-2004 and 2005-2009.
The 5-year OS and BCSS of patients treated in Maribor in the period 2000-2009 were 92.3% (95% CI, 90.5%- 94.1%) and 96.4% (95% CI, 95.2%-97.6%), respectively, and did not differ from the corresponding OS and BCSS for Slovenian patients. Although the improvement in OS for patients from Maribor diagnosed in the period 2005-2009 compared to 2000-2004 did not reach statistical significance (HR 0.73; 95% CI, 0.51-1.05; p=0.086), BCSS significantly improved over the same time periods (HR 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30-0.94; p=0.028).
Survival of node-negative breast cancer patients treated at the University Medical Centre Maribor is comparable to survival of corresponding patients at the national level. The rising number of long-term breast cancer survivors places additional importance on survivorship care.
V zadnjih nekaj letih v Evropi vse bolj glasno razmišljamo o izobraževanju izobraževalcev, a tokrat ne le o učiteljih v šolah, ampak širše - o izobraževalcih, ki delujejo zunaj šolskih programov ...izobraževanja, npr. na širokem področju poklicnega usposabljanja in spopolnjevanja, predvsem pa tudi tistih, ki delujejo na področju izobraževanja odraslih – tako v formalnem kot neformalnem. V razpravi se posvečamo predvsem usposabljanju in spopolnjevanju izobraževalcev odraslih v Sloveniji skozi ugotovite, do katerih so prišli raziskovalci v Evropi kot tudi v Sloveniji. Razpravljamo o njihovem položaju, vlogah in nalogah, o tem, kakšne kompetence potrebujejo in kakšne so njihove izobraževalne potrebe.
Članek sloni na rezultatih mednarodnega projekta iz 5. Okvirnega programa EU pod naslovom URBS PANDENS: Urban Sprawl: European Patterns, Environmental Degradation and Sustainable Development ...(EVK4-CT-2001-00052) sofinanciran iz sredstev EU. Namen projekta je splošno razumevanje o naravi in razsežnosti procesa širjenja mestnega območja ter ugotovitve specifičnih evropskih vzorcev in vzorčno-posledičnih odnosov v procesu širjenja mestnega območja na primeru vzorčnih mest. Projekt združuje ustrezne izkušnje, informacije in znanja potrebne za nadaljnje usmerjanje trajnostnega razvoja poselitve na ravni EU.
From the light that falls on the retina, the visual system must extract meaningful information about what is where in our environment. At an early stage in this process, it analyzes the incoming ...sensory data along many dimensions of pattern vision. This book describes the current knowledge about this stage of visual processing, focusing both on psychophysical experiments measuring the detection and identification of near-threshold patterns and on the mathematical models used to draw inferences from such experimental results. Neurophysiological evidence is presented and compared critically to the psychophysical evidence. Orientation, spatial frequency, direction of motion, and eye of origin are among the many dimensions of spatiotemporal pattern vision for which experimental results and mathematical models are reviewed. Introductory material on psychophysical methods, signal detection theory, and the mathematics of Fourier analysis is also given. The preface gives a guide to the organization of the book and to what parts of the book can be read independently of one another. The last two chapters contain lists of references organized by dimensions of pattern vision. An appendix at the end of the book lists the assumptions used in the models both in order of appearance and in groups according to function.